Guangfu folk houses of Guangfu culture

Guangfu folk houses usually refer to the buildings in the Greater Pearl River Delta region and western Guangdong, which are quite different from Hakka buildings and Chaoshan buildings in eastern Guangdong. Lingnan has a hot climate and frequent storms. Generally speaking, residential buildings are the plane form of Xiaotian, with large wells and compact layout. Guangfu-style ancient houses are generally inhabited by a few to dozens of people. The life scene in the old movie Seventy-two Tenants is a typical Guangfu residence-xiguan big house.

However, the newly remake of the color version of "Seventy-two Tenants" can't find a suitable xiguan big house as the shooting venue. Guangfu folk houses usually meet the requirements of ventilation and shading, which are the same characteristics of Lingnan architecture, followed by the characteristics of moisture-proof and sun protection according to natural conditions, including geographical conditions and climate characteristics; There is also a large number of absorption of the essence of western architecture, reflecting the inclusive style.

In addition, the typical Guangfu residence also has a great "bell" character, which is named after building two bell-like wind-proof walls on both sides of the house. The bell tower is a unique building in Lingnan. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, as long as there was money to make a fortune, bell houses would be built to show wealth and generosity. The early residential buildings in Guangfu were obviously influenced by the architectural model of Jiangnan. Bureaucratic landlords often live in groups of four or five generations and build closed buildings. In the early days of Guangfu, the basic pattern of large and medium-sized houses in the Pearl River Delta was "three rooms and two corridors". A person of status is characterized by a wall of wind chimes. The wall materials are concrete, pebbles, oyster shells, bricks and so on. After the Qing dynasty, more blue bricks were used. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, under the condition of dense residential buildings in Xiguan, Guangzhou, the unique style of residential buildings in xiguan big house was formed. The internal layout is compact and the interval is flexible. The facade door consists of "three heads" (foot door, access door and gate), water mill blue brick wall and granite foot. In modern times, influenced by western culture, watchtowers with exotic customs appeared in the hometown of overseas Chinese, villa-style houses appeared in cities, and arcades appeared on both sides of bustling commercial towns and streets. They took the lead in opening up the architectural atmosphere in the south. Chenjia Temple in Guangzhou is a grand ancestral temple integrating various architectural techniques and arts and crafts.

The Xijiang River, Beijiang River Basin and Pearl River Delta, where Guangfu people live, are the earliest areas where feudal culture developed in Guangdong. After the Song Dynasty, the development of the Pearl River Delta has begun to take shape. By the Ming Dynasty, it was a famous production base of grain and various cash crops in Lingnan at that time, and the Jitang agriculture in Shunde, Nanhai, Zhongshan and Panyu was world-famous. Multi-level agricultural economic structure, supported by Guangzhou, a world trade port, has a broad market for agricultural and sideline products and handicrafts, with active production and marketing. In the late Ming Dynasty, the commercialization tendency of agricultural production in the Pearl River Delta became increasingly obvious, and it became the most active, commodity-conscious and anti-traditional area in Lingnan.

The emerging industries in Guangdong's modern industry mainly rose from the Pearl River Delta at the end of 19. Economic development has promoted the prosperity of culture. Since the Song Dynasty, the Pearl River Delta region has been in a dominant position of talents in the province. Guangzhou, the central city of Guangfu culture, has been the political, economic and cultural center of Guangdong and even Lingnan since ancient times. In the cultural fields such as architecture, crafts, gardens, painting, drama, fine arts, religion, music, literature, food and customs, Guangzhou has shown a long history and distinctive personality, giving people a multi-level, three-dimensional and rich feeling, which makes Guangfu culture occupy a superior position in the cultures of all ethnic groups in Guangdong. Guangfu culture is the representative of Guangdong culture or Lingnan culture.

Guangfu culture can be reflected in its language: pragmatic, optimistic and inclusive. Within the retrocession clan, there is a strong psychological identity with the clan and a strong clan cohesion. People are generally proud of the prosperous Lingnan Cantonese culture. Mainly from the Pearl River Delta at the end of 19. Among the three ethnic groups, they are the most open, easy to accept new things from outside, dare to absorb, imitate and learn from western civilization, and integrate with traditional culture. Guangfu people also have the fighting spirit of daring to explore and try, broad vision, broad thinking, strong commodity consciousness and values, and shrewd calculation, which has created the rise of diversified agricultural commodity economy in the Pearl River Delta. The "Guangbang merchants" with Guangfu as the backbone were famous throughout the country in the middle of Qing Dynasty.