What are the main characteristics of Huizhou folk houses and Jinzhong folk houses and compare their similarities and differences?
The most distinctive style of Huizhou architecture is the traditional folk house, which reflects Huizhou’s mountainous characteristics, Feng Shui wishes and regional beauty trends. The structure of Huizhou style houses is mostly a courtyard-style complex The residence style (mostly small ones are in the triple courtyard style), generally facing south, leaning on the mountain and facing the water, pays attention to the Feng Shui value. The layout is symmetrically arranged on the central axis, with three rooms in width, with a hall in the middle, rooms on both sides, and the front of the hall. The patio, lighting and ventilation, and the integrated courtyard create a deep, self-sufficient family living space with strong integrity and beauty in appearance, with high closed walls, angled horse heads, well-proportioned wall lines, black tiles and white walls, and elegant and generous colors. . In terms of decoration, the beauty of the "three carvings" of Huizhou residences is breathtaking. The blue brick door covers, stone carved windows, and wooden carved pillars are integrated with the building, making the building exquisite and poetic, and it can be called an example of Huizhou residences. Huizhou's ancestral halls and memorial archways play an important role in Huizhou-style architecture: ancestral halls are divided into main ancestral halls and branch ancestral halls. They are generally larger in scale and are composed of mountain gates, Xiangtang, and sleeping halls. The arches are majestic, the "three carvings" are exquisite, and the archways are mainly made of stone. There are four-column and five-story styles, four-column soaring styles, eight-column styles, and oral styles. They are elegant in shape and scattered in various towns. It is an important part of the cultural landscape of ancient Huizhou. "Hui-style architecture" is still full of vitality today. As a traditional architectural genre, Hui-style buildings can still be seen in the north and south of the Yangtze River. Maintaining a unique artistic style
Huizhou folk houses generally have the following characteristics
1. Respect the topography and landforms of ancient Huizhou's location of villages. Factors such as water flow and wind direction are carefully considered. They are often located near mountains and rivers, with beautiful environment, reasonable layout, smooth traffic, and beautiful appearance.
2. Integrity. The group of houses is integrated, and the unique horse head wall is closed with a high wall. The horse head is at an angle. The height of the wall and the horse head are staggered. The green hills, green water, white walls, and black tiles are the hallmarks of Huizhou architecture. One of the main features is simplicity and elegance.
3. A more flexible multi-entry courtyard layout. The unit of the building layout is a courtyard centered on the courtyard. The terrain is flexible and rhythmic.
4. The exquisite detailed decorations (brick carvings, stone carvings, and wood carvings) are breathtaking. The integration of the pillars and the building is a major feature of Huizhou architecture.
First, it is characterized by black tiles, pink walls and horse-head walls. Second, it is characterized by brick carvings, wood carvings, etc. Stone carvings are decorative features. 3. The residences in Jinzhong are characterized by tall houses, deep wells, and halls. Most of the residential buildings in Jinzhong are independent cave-shaped courtyard buildings. Due to the need for lighting, the buildings are mostly facing south, and the houses are long from north to south and narrow from east to west. Building houses on all sides is called a "house with complete features". As the saying goes, "if there is an east but no west, there is no old wife; if there is a west but no east, there is no husband; there is only a north house; there is a king but no ministers". Building a house follows the "Five Sacrifice". "That is, the door, the door, the well, the stove, and the middle slide. The north house is the most respected, followed by the two compartments, and the reverse seat is the guest. The location arrangement of the living room reflects social ethics and hierarchical order. The left is up and the right is down. According to the five elements, the west is autumn, which symbolizes old age; the east is spring, which represents youth, etc. Only flowers and plants are planted in the house, but no trees are planted, because the trees are "trapped" and unlucky. According to Feng Shui, "bearing the yin and embracing the yang" forms an enclosure. It gathers energy and hides energy. This center surrounds it. The intention is to enhance family cohesion. The Chinese nation is an emotional nation and does not give up any details that may express emotions. Its long-standing culture penetrates into every corner of life.
The layout of a courtyard with complete specifications not only reflects the concept of etiquette in living life, but also reflects people’s pursuit of perfection, harmony, and beauty.
The folk houses in Jinzhong, China embody the wisdom of the working people, reflect the level of Chinese construction technology and art at that time, and are a precious heritage in the treasure house of human architecture. The layout of folk houses in Jinzhong takes into account the "three essentials", namely house doors, halls and bedrooms. The "six things" are the well, the stove, the barn, the mill, and the livestock pen. The layout arrangement is related to the prosperity and decline of the family, and is an important matter of good and bad blessings.