Introduction to safety operation procedures of construction machinery?
Brief introduction to "Operating Rules for Safe Use of Construction Machinery";
I. General provisions
1. Mechanical operators must receive safety technical training and hold relevant certificates after passing the examination.
2. Operators must undergo physical examination. Anyone who suffers from hypertension, heart disease, epilepsy, diseases that hinder safe operation and physical defects shall not engage in this operation. Do not work after drinking.
3. Before the machinery enters the site, it is necessary to know the traffic height on the driving route and the bearing capacity of the bridge and culvert. It is forbidden to turn sharply and brake suddenly on the bridge deck. Be sure to pay attention to the height limit before passing through bridge opening, and pass at a low speed after confirming safety.
4. Before operation, the construction site shall be inspected according to safety technical measures to find out the situation of the above-ground and underground pipelines and structures. No operation is allowed within 2 meters from houses, communication cables and gas pipelines.
5. When driving near the groove, mechanical equipment should avoid pipelines and structures and keep a safe distance of not less than 1.5m from the edge of the groove.
6. Cooperate with mechanical bottom cleaning, leveling, slope repair and other personnel to work outside the radius of mechanical rotation. If it is necessary to work within the radius of gyration, stop the mechanical gyration and brake before starting. People getting on and off the plane should keep close contact at all times.
7. In case of any of the following situations during the operation, the operation shall be stopped immediately:
The soil in (1) area is unstable and may collapse.
(2) Rainstorm, lightning, water level surge and flash floods.
(3) Construction signs and protective facilities are damaged.
(4) There are other situations that cannot guarantee the safety of operation.
8. When the machine is driving on the off-site road, it must abide by the relevant regulations of the traffic management department.
9. Self-propelled machinery must be inspected before operation, and the braking, steering, signal and safety devices should be complete and effective.
10. When parking on the ramp, horizontal parking is not allowed. When parking vertically, the cover must be blocked, and the working device should be grounded for auxiliary braking. After the braking is reliable, the operator can leave. During construction in rainy season, it should be parked on a high solid ground after mechanical operation.
1 1. When machinery and equipment are working near power stations, substations and distribution rooms, they are not allowed to enter dangerous areas. The distance from the high-voltage line should comply with the provisions of the safe distance.
12. When excavating the foundation pit mechanically, anti-collapse measures must be taken according to the soil quality and depth, and blind risks should be avoided.
13. When the machine is running, operations such as fastening, maintenance, lubrication and inspection are not allowed.
14. When the machine is running, people are not allowed to get on or off the machine.
Second, the excavator
1. Before operation, check that everything is in good condition, there are no obstacles and other personnel within the movement range of the boom and bucket, and the operation can only be started after the horn sounds as a warning.
2. The exposed transmission parts in the excavator cab must be equipped with protective covers.
3. The electric single bucket excavator must be grounded well, and the boom oil circuit and Shantou oil cylinder driven by oil pressure are confirmed to be intact.
4. When shoveling, the working face shall not exceed the maximum excavation height and depth specified by the performance of the machine. When pulling a shovel or backhoe, the distance between the excavator crawler or tire and the edge of the working face shall not be less than1.5m. ..
5. When the excavator is working on the flat ground, the crawler (or tire) should be braked and wedged with the brake.
6. Excavators are suitable for shoveling clay, gravel soil, peat rock and other soils. When excavating heavy rocks by blasting, only the front shovel is allowed, and the stone diameter should be less than 1/2 bucket width. It is forbidden to use any part of the excavator to break stones, frozen soil, etc.
7. There shall be no obstacles when borrowing and unloading soil, and no one shall stay within the radius of gyration of bucket operation during excavation. When loading, it should be carried out after the transport vehicle 2 is stable. The bucket should be as low as possible, and it is forbidden to hit the vehicle. No one is allowed in the carriage, and the bucket is not allowed to cross the top of the cab. When unloading soil, the bucket should be as low as possible, but it should not touch any part of the car.
8. When walking, the arm should be parallel to the crawler and the slewing mechanism should be braked. The bucket should be off the ground 1 m. The walking slope shall not exceed the maximum slope allowed by the machine. Drive slowly downhill, and it is forbidden to slide in neutral. Don't turn too fast, and pave and reinforce when passing through soft ground.
9. When the excavator turns to brake, the steering brake should be used, and the steering clutch should not be used for reverse braking. When fully loaded, it is forbidden to turn sharply and brake suddenly, and the bucket shall not be lifted too hard during operation. Don't hit the frame, crawler and other parts when falling, and don't loosen the lifting wire rope.
10. When working, you must wait for the fuselage to stop before digging. When the bucket does not leave the working face, it should rotate in the sea. When the fuselage rotates or the bucket is loaded, the boom should not be lifted.
1 1. When excavating on the edge of the cliff, there shall be no umbrella edge and loose big stones on the working face. If there is danger of collapse, you should take care of yourself immediately or evacuate the excavator to a safe place.
12. When shoveling, the bucket shall not continue to eat soil after full load and shall not be overloaded. When shoveling ditches and rivers, the safe distance from the edge of the slope should be determined according to the depth, slope and soil quality of the ditches and rivers, which should generally not be less than 2 meters. When pushing back, wait until the boom stops, then eat the soil and combine the barrels, and the extension should not be too strong or too large.
13. When the driver leaves the operating position, the bucket must be grounded and the engine must be turned off regardless of the time.
14. Don't use a bucket to lift materials.
15. When abnormal operation is found, stop the machine immediately and continue to operate after troubleshooting.
16. When the tire excavator is driving on the slope, the bucket should move to one side of the high slope.
17. When the excavator is used to dismantle the structure, the operator should analyze the collapse direction of the structure and leave a space between the demolished structures under the cab of the excavator.
18. After the operation, drive the excavator to a safe position, put down the bucket, brake the slewing mechanism, and put the joystick in the neutral position.
19. Wipe the machine clean after operation, and drain the water in the fuselage and water tank in winter (except frozen liquid). Close the doors and windows and lock them before you leave.
Third, bulldozers
1. Pre-operation inspection: there is no crack or leakage in the pipeline of each system; The bolt connection of each part shall be firm; The travel, clearance, tightness of crawler and transmission chain and tire pressure of each joystick and braking system meet the requirements; Hand rotation should be prevented. When starting by hand, don't wrap the rope around your hand.
2. Obstacles (frozen soil, stones and sundries) on the bulldozer street should be removed before operation. The road surface is 2 meters wider than the fuselage. Before driving, it is forbidden for anyone to stand on the support of the crawler or shovel. Only when it is safe can it be started.
3. During maintenance, you must put down the shovel and turn off the engine. When carrying out maintenance or overhaul under the shovel, the shovel must pad the upper wood.
4. When driving, drivers and random personnel are not allowed to get on or off or sit in other parts outside the cab. When driving around a corner, look around for obstacles.
5. Bulldozer uphill slope shall not be greater than 25 degrees. The downhill slope shall not be greater than 35 degrees. When driving laterally on a slope, the lateral inclination of the fuselage shall not be greater than 10 degrees. You should drive at a constant speed on the ramp, and it is forbidden to go downhill at high speed, make sharp turns and slide in neutral. When going down a steep slope, put down the shovel, touch the ground and step back. When the bulldozer is turned off on the ramp, it should be braked immediately and sheltered.
6. When the operator leaves the cab, he must put the bucket on the ground and turn off the engine.
7. When the bulldozer backfills the pipe trench, it should be commanded by a special person. It is forbidden to push the shovel over the edge of the groove.
8. Before the bulldozer runs in the water, it must find out the water depth and the solid situation at the bottom, and it can only run after it is confirmed to be safe.
9. When pushing the wall of a house or an old house with a bulldozer, the height shall not exceed 2.5 meters. It is forbidden to connect concrete piles and concrete foundations with reinforced concrete or foundations.
10. When bulldozing near the pole, a certain mound must be left, the size of which is determined by the Ministry of Civil Affairs according to the pole structure, soil quality and buried depth. When bulldozers are used to push down the trunk, we must pay attention to the backward direction of the trunk and obstacles at high altitude.
1 1. When two or more machines are bulldozed, there should be a special person to command them. When working, the distance between the two machines should be more than 8 meters, and the distance between the two machines should be more than 1.5 meters.
12. Bulldozers should not be used to push dust materials such as lime and ash or crush stones.
13. When it is necessary to use bulldozers to pull living things, there should be a special person to command them, and no one is allowed to enter the dangerous area. When towing on a ramp or a long distance, a towing rod should be used for connection.
14. cut off the clutch, put down the blade, lock the brake, put the operating gear lever in neutral, and then turn off the engine when stopping.
15. After the operation, put the machine in a flat and safe place, and the trench foundation pit must be excavated by machine in rainy season.
16. Mechanical maintenance after operation shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Fourth-grade students
1. Before operation, the clutch, operating lever and gear lever must be placed in neutral position, and the connecting bolts of each component and tire pressure must be checked and tightened. Check that the oil and water (battery water) should be filled up, the connection of the whole vehicle line should be firm, and the oil circuit, oil cylinder and control valve of the hydraulic system have no leakage and looseness. Then start the machine to run at a low speed and wait until all the instruments sink before starting operation.
2. Before starting the machine, the scraper or rake should be lowered to a position close to the ground. You can only cut the soil after you start.
3. When working on steep slopes, the articulated frame should be locked; When working back and forth on steep slopes, the bucket should always extend downward.
4. When the grader is driving, the height of scraper and rake teeth from the ground should be 25~30 cm. With the change of shovel resistance, the lifting of scraper should be adjusted at any time.
5. The rotation of the blade of the grader, the high speed of the blade angle and the inclination to the outside of the machine must be stopped, but the lifting action of the left and right ends of the blade can be adjusted at any time during the mechanical driving.
6. All kinds of shovel operators should drive at low speed. First gear should be used when using a rake shovel with a knife angle and teeth. The leveling can be carried out in the second and third gears, and the shift should be carried out when the machine is stopped. In case of hard soil, when it is necessary to loosen the soil with a tooth rake, the teeth should be put down slowly, and the green slag road and hard road surface should not be turned over with a tooth rake.
7. When the grader turns or turns around, the lowest speed should be adopted. It is forbidden to slide in neutral when going downhill. When driving, the scraper and the tooth rake must be raised to the highest position, and the shovel blade should be placed obliquely, and both ends of the shovel blade should not exceed the outside of the rear wheel. No sharp turns are allowed when driving at high speed.
8. After the operation, the grader should be placed in a flat and safe place, and the hand brake should be pulled, and it is not allowed to stop in potholes.
9. Mechanical maintenance after operation shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) loading equipment
1. Before operation, check whether the engine is full of oil and water (including battery water), put all joysticks in neutral position, ensure that there is no looseness and leakage of hydraulic pipelines and joints, ensure that there is enough oil in the hydraulic oil tank, start the engine with sensitive and reliable braking and complete and effective lighting instruments.
2. To start the machine, you must whistle first and lift the bucket to about 50 cm from the ground. You can use high gear when driving, but you can't lift and dump the bucket. You should use a low gear at work. It is forbidden to have people under the bucket and carry people in the bucket.
3. The loader shall not operate on the inclined sound ground, and there shall be no obstacles and irrelevant personnel in the operation area. Loading and unloading operations should be carried out on a flat ground.
4. When unloading on the negative car, it is forbidden to cross the bucket from the top of the strengthening room, and the bucket shall not collide with the carriage. It is forbidden to have people in the carriage and transport materials with buckets.
5. When discharging at the trough, there must be a special person to command. The front wheel of the loader should keep a safe distance of not less than 2 meters from the edge of the groove, and wood blocks should be placed.
6. When loading sand, the bucket should be inserted at a low speed, the bottom of the bucket should be placed on the ground, and the shovel arm should descend along the ground to gradually increase the engine speed.
7. When working in soft and uneven ground, the shovel arm should be placed in a floating position to make the bucket work smoothly. If there is too much resistance during propulsion, you can raise the shovel arm slightly.
8. When lifting the boom for maintenance and lubrication, the boom must be firmly supported. Do not use the bucket as a support to lift the chassis for maintenance.
9. Downhill should use low gear, and neutral taxiing is not allowed.
10. Continuous braking shall be performed immediately after wading to remove moisture from the brake pads.
1 1. After the operation, half of the machine should be driven to a safe area, and it is not allowed to stop in potholes. The bucket must be flat on the ground, the handle should be in neutral position, and the handbrake should be pulled. The driver can't leave until the doors and windows are closed and locked.
Six, drilling machine
1. The drilling rig foundation shall be smooth and solid, and sleepers or steel plates shall be laid when necessary. The tire drilling rig shall use a wooden pad with a length of not less than 4m until the tire leaves the ground.
2. The operation must obey the command, a clear division of labor, coordinated.
3. The rig inspection before operation shall meet the following requirements:
(1) All parts are complete, firmly connected and correct.
(2) The power system safety protection device is complete, sensitive and effective.
(3) The electrical system wiring is firm and reliable, and the instrument is normal.
(4) The hoisting mechanism of the hoist works normally, the braking is reliable, and the wire rope meets the requirements.
(5) The derrick steel structure has no crack damage, serious corrosion, open welding and deformation.
4. When the rig is working, the rotating parts of the rig are fixed, and no one can be under the sling.
5. Rigs and aerial work shall not be set up in heavy rain and windy weather above level 6.
6. The moving road of drilling rig should be flat and solid. The drill bit must be lifted 20 cm above the ground and fixed.
7. When the trolley rotary drilling rig is used for construction, the locomotive must be wedged, braked and supported by feet before operation.
8. The rotary drilling rig should be slow when drilling and lifting, and pay close attention to the ammeter. Overloading is strictly prohibited. Boreholes must be covered with cover plates at all times.
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