What are the rituals of folk customs before construction?
the groundbreaking ceremony varies slightly from place to place. However, it is generally necessary to pay homage to the soil. "Reporting the land" means that the builder will report the start time to the "Land Master". Because building a house and digging a foundation may disturb the landlord, I say hello to the landlord first for good luck. "Three animals" (mostly pig's head, chicken and duck) and some fruits and cakes and sweets must be placed when submitting the soil. Nanjing people worship with tea, refreshments and paper money. There are pig heads and crabs in Fuzhou to worship the emperor; Putian people hold vegetarian tea to offer sacrifices to the land god, the God of Heaven and the house god, and sooner or later they have to insert incense. After the people of Longhai reported the soil, they asked craftsmen to knock on the four corners of the building foundation with a tile knife, and buried 12 pieces of paper foil coated with "Shoumian" in the ground, which was called "reporting it". After worshipping the land Lord, about 2 "birthday papers" will be burned and firecrackers will be set off. Xiamen, Tong 'an and other places not only pay homage to the Land Lord, but also invite "local buddhas" (that is, the buddhas believed by the villagers, such as "Three Loyal Gods") to their homes, and post signs such as "Phoenix is here" and "Kirin is here" at home.
In some places, "Lu Ban's Master" and "Yang Gong's Master" (according to legend, Yang Junsong, the founder of Kanyu) are also sacrificed. When people in western Fujian choose an auspicious day to start construction, they should honor the memorial tablet of "Yang Gong's Master", and slaughter the rooster and drop chicken blood to exorcise evil spirits when opening the foundation of the wall. Before the construction of Datian people, please ask Mr. Feng Shui to stick five red and yellow characters written with prayers on bamboo pieces, and then insert the bamboo pieces on the rear edge line of the house foundation (that is, the outer edge line of the ditch on the side of the house); The side with the characters on it faces the house. Shanghang custom puts a small wooden stake on the homestead, with a red cloth tied at the upper end and a tablet of "Land Lord" on the stake, commonly known as "Qipu". When starting work, invite carpenters and masons to burn incense in front of the music. Yongding's etiquette is to offer sacrifices to Yang Gong before breaking ground, stick the "Yang Gong Fu" on a bamboo piece about 1m long, erect it at the end of the longitudinal axis, and leave the construction position appropriately to make it play the role of specifying the longitudinal axis. At the same time, the carpenter's master worships "Master Luban" and the mud master worships "Master Lotus Leaf". When worshipping, the owner must pay homage to the ancestors with three sacrifices, incense paper and red candles (Yang Gong was in the middle), and then ask Mr. Feng Shui to use the compass to calibrate his position again. Mr. Feng Shui used proverbs such as "The difference is one line, the wealth does not meet each other" to show that his kung fu is profound and mysterious, and his secrets are unpredictable, boasting the importance of his work. After the orientation is calibrated again, the stake is set, and then the gun can be fired.
The ceremony of breaking ground is relatively simple. Generally, according to the time and address chosen by Mr. Feng Shui, the cannon is fired first, and then the master or craftsman hoes (shovels) the soil several times. Fuzhou and Nanping are mostly hoed by craftsmen, and digging three times means "breaking ground". One or two hoes can be used in southern Fujian and western Fujian. When you break ground, you should choose an auspicious day. Jinjiang people prefer ugliness and yinshi, thinking that it is better to have a light rain. In order to show the auspicious start of construction, Putian, Hui 'an and other places must wear red clothes symbolizing celebration when they break ground. Youxi people should pile up the first few baskets of soil dug up to make it prosperous. All localities are forbidden to say unlucky words or quarrel when breaking ground. Fu 'an people think that if they argue at this time, it will be restless to live in a new house in the future, and their families will quarrel more.
the etiquette of laying the foundation is complicated. Laying the foundation is also called "laying the foundation stone" and "laying the foundation stone". As the saying goes, "if you lay a solid foundation, you will prosper every year." The people have always attached importance to laying the foundation. In Luoyuan area, when starting the foundation, dig a few feet and fill in mud and stones. In order to prevent offending the landowner, a "puppet" (that is, a sign with the name of the head of the household written in red paper) should be made after the job is done, for offering incense, candles and fruits, and covered with a broken umbrella to offer sacrifices to apologize. When the foundation of the wall is formally laid in Puxian area, a ceremony of "moving and closing" should be held (that is, the fruit of three sacrifices is sacrificed to the land owner), and a ceremony of "putting and closing" should be held after the foundation is laid. The foundation of the wall should be covered with red cloth, and flat baskets and hammers should be put into red bags, so as not to throw tools about. Yongding people started to dig stone footholes. When laying stones, they first placed "five-star stones" (five small stones symbolizing stars) at the end of the longitudinal axis, and arranged them in a certain direction to show the auspicious image of heaven and earth. When laying the foundation stone in Hua 'an and other places in southern Fujian, it is necessary to lay the "Diantai Stone". Depending on the size of the house, there are three stones in three houses and five stones in five houses (that is, three or three stones with pointed upward and tapered are placed in the center of the hall, and the stones are different in height, the highest in the middle, and the two sides are lowered in a "mountain" shape). After the foundation is completed, the locals still use long marble as the bottom. However, the stone can't be covered on the stone, because three stones or five stones indicate that the population is prosperous. If the stone is covered, it is "Gaiding" and it is a taboo for farmers. The foundation of the whole house should be compacted except for masonry feet and foundation excavation. In the northern and western Fujian, a round hardwood is used to ram through the stump. The tool is simple, but it is very practical.
in Datian and other counties, it is said in the old days that if a new house is built on the base of an old house, carpenters should pray to God and put stickers on it when demolishing the old house, so as to drive away ghosts and gods in the old house and avoid hurting the owner. In Pingtan, some people originally planned to build houses in the coming year. Because of listening to Feng Shui master's words, I think it is unfavorable to "lay the foundation stone" next year, so it is often necessary to lay the foundation stone one year in advance and build the house the next year. This situation is common everywhere.
after the foundation is dug, the people usually ask Mr. Xing Shu to start building on an auspicious day to pray for the owner's safety and good luck. After the construction, in addition to a few skilled carpenters, masons and masons, more relatives and friends are invited to help each other. Fujian folk houses are often "helped" by relatives and friends. In addition to giving red envelopes to artisans, relatives and artisans will also be entertained on the commencement day. During the construction process, artisans and helpers will also be entertained on the second and sixteenth "tooth-making" days.