What is the first intangible cultural heritage successfully declared in China?
Kunqu Opera, which originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu, has a history of more than 600 years, and is called "the father and teacher of hundreds of operas". Many local operas, such as Jin Opera, Pu Opera, Shangdang Opera, xiang opera Opera, Sichuan Opera, Gan Opera, Guangxi Opera, Yong Opera, Yue Opera, Guangdong Cantonese Opera, Fujian Opera, Wu Opera and Yunnan Opera, have been nourished by Kunqu Opera in many aspects.
In May, 20001,UNESCO published the first batch of "representative works of oral and intangible heritage of mankind", and China Kunqu Opera was selected, making China one of the first 19 countries to win this honor.
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China's top ten world-class intangible cultural heritages;
First, shadow play
Shadow play is a kind of folk drama, in which the silhouette of characters made of animal skin or cardboard is used to perform the story.
During the performance, the artists manipulated the shadow puppeteers behind the white curtain and told stories with local popular tunes, accompanied by percussion music, which had a strong local flavor.
Its popularity is extremely extensive, and various shadow plays are formed due to different voices played in different places.
According to historical records, shadow play began in the Western Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and spread to West Asia and Europe in the Yuan Dynasty. It has a long history.
On 20 1 1 year, Chinese shadow play was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Second, Chinese paper cutting.
Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting and carving patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives, which is used to decorate life or cooperate with other folk activities.
In China, paper-cutting has a broad mass base and is integrated into the social life of people of all ethnic groups. It is an important part of various folk activities.
Chinese paper-cutting contains rich cultural and historical information, which expresses the social identity, moral concept, practical experience, life ideal and aesthetic taste of the general public, and has multiple social values such as cognition, education, expression, lyricism, entertainment and communication.
In 2009, Chinese paper-cutting was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Third, guqin art
Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting were once the four skills that ancient China literati were proud of, and they were also the four arts.
Among them, Qin Le is the oldest and longest-lasting form of instrumental music in the history of China, with a verifiable history of 3,000 years.
Idioms that are well-known to women and children, such as "high mountains and flowing water", "burning the piano to cook cranes" and "playing the piano for cows", all come from stories related to the piano.
However, because Qin has always been a kind of elegance cultivated by literati since ancient times, it is rarely played in public, so modern people have very limited understanding of it.
In 2008, Guqin art was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Fourth, abacus.
Abacus is a numerical calculation method with abacus as a tool, and it is known as the fifth invention of China.
Abacus is a simple calculation tool invented and created by the working people in ancient China.
The word "abacus calculation" was first seen in Xu Yue's Arithmetic Notes written in the Han Dynasty, and there is a saying: "abacus calculation, control of four seasons, latitude and longitude three talents".
20 13 was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Five or twenty-four solar terms
Twenty-four solar terms refer to 24 specific festivals in the China lunar calendar, which were established in the pre-Qin period in China and completely established in the Han Dynasty.
It divides the sun's annual trajectory into 24 equal parts, and each equal part is a solar term, starting from beginning of spring and ending with the great cold. It is not only a time standard promulgated by successive governments, but also a compass to guide agricultural production.
In daily life, people's compass for predicting cold, warm, snowy and rainy days is the crystallization of the long-term experience and wisdom of our working people.
20 16 was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Six, China acupuncture.
Acupuncture is the general term for acupuncture.
Acupuncture means that under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory, the needle is inserted into the patient at a certain angle, and the specific parts of the human body are treated by acupuncture techniques such as twisting and lifting, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases.
Acupuncture is one of the important components of oriental medicine, including acupuncture theory, acupoints, acupuncture techniques and related instruments. In the process of its formation, application and development, it has distinctive Chinese national culture and regional characteristics, and is a valuable heritage based on Chinese national culture and scientific tradition.
20 1 1 was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Seven, China's calligraphy.
Calligraphy is an artistic expression of the unique beauty of words in China and neighboring countries and regions deeply influenced by China culture.
Chinese characters in China were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing, and the generation of calligraphy is because ancestors invented the writing brush.
Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and fingering calligraphy, their writing rules are not completely different from those of brush calligraphy, but they are basically the same.
In 2009, it was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Eight, Peking Opera
Beijing Opera, regarded as the quintessence of Chinese culture, is the "top spot" of China opera Sandingjia.
Anhui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera.
Since the 55th year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty, the four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai, Hechun and Rejuvenation, which used to perform in the south, have successively entered Beijing. They cooperated with artists in Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through constant communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed.
After the formation of Peking Opera, it began to develop rapidly in the Qing court until the Republic of China.
20 10 was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Nine, movable type printing
Movable type printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China and a great technological revolution in the history of printing.
Movable type printing is an ancient printing method, which was invented by working people in ancient China through long-term practice and research.
First, make a model of the original text and inverted text of the single word, then select the single word according to the original, arrange it in the font plate, ink it and print it, and then remove the font after printing, so as to use it again in the next typesetting.
20 10 was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.
Ten, Dragon Boat Festival
The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a popular traditional cultural festival in China and other countries in the cultural circle of Chinese characters.
Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional folk festivals in China.
Dragon Boat Festival originated in China, and it was a totem festival held by the tribes who worshipped dragon totem in ancient wuyue. It is said that tribal totem sacrifice is held in the form of dragon boat race on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Qu Yuan, a Chu poet in the Warring States Period, threw himself into the river that day. In order to establish the label of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, the rulers took the Dragon Boat Festival as a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan. In some areas, Wu Zixu and Cao E are also commemorated.
In 2009, it was selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage, becoming the first festival in China to be selected into the world intangible cultural heritage.