Urgent! History of Kunming
Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, has a history of more than 2,400 years. It is the center of politics, economy, culture, science and technology, and transportation in Yunnan Province. It is also a famous historical and cultural city and an excellent tourist city in my country. .
The history of Kunming can be traced back to 277 BC, when Zhuang Qi, the general of the Chu State, set off for Yunnan. However, due to Qin’s attack on Chu, his return route was cut off, and he “changed to obey the customs” and left behind the dragon. In 109 AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty granted Chang Qiang the title of King of Dian and established Yizhou County. In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang's southern expedition reached Dianchi Lake, which was renamed Jianning County and occupied by the Cuan family. In 769 AD, Nanzhao destroyed Cuan, and Kunming was called Tuodong City. In 1254 AD, the Yuan army conquered Dali and changed its name to "Kunming". Yunnan Province is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities, with 25 ethnic minorities in total. In Kunming, the provincial capital, all ethnic groups live in harmony and are like one family. Celebrations are held during various ethnic festivals, so Kunming is also the city with the most festivals. There are mostly Han people in Kunming, and their customs are generally the same as those in other places.
Kunming is also a gathering place of natural and cultural landscapes. The long history and unique geological structure have left Kunming with numerous cultural relics and scenic spots. Kunming is a developing international tourist city. At present, it has formed a multi-functional all-season tourist resort centered on the World Expo that integrates natural scenery and ethnic customs.
From the Warring States Period when the Chu general Zhuang opened up Yunnan, through the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, various local governments established their capitals in Kunming, until the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the feudal monarchy and changed dynasties. For more than 2,300 years, it has left a large number of monuments in Kunming. There are more than 200 cultural relics protection units announced by people's governments at all levels. Among them, 5 are national level.
As far back as the Paleolithic Age 30,000 years ago, humans thrived in the Dianchi Lake area (today’s Chenggong Longtan Mountain area), which is one of the birthplaces of mankind. In the third century BC (Warring States Period), Chu general Zhuang opened up to Yunnan, built a city and capital in the present-day Jinning area, and established the Dian Kingdom, which lasted for 300 years. Kunming was the earlier ancient capital. In 109 BC (Western Han Dynasty), the Han Dynasty opened Yunnan and expanded its territory to Yunnan. Yizhou County was established with the Dianchi Lake area as the center, and Kunming was Guchang County among the 24 counties under its jurisdiction. During the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang led his troops to conquer Keyizhou County in the south and changed its name to Jianning County. In the Sui Dynasty, it was changed to Kunzhou. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the local governments of "Nanzhao Kingdom" and "Dali Kingdom" built the East City here, established Shanchan Prefecture, and established it as "Tokyo" and "Shangdu" (accompanying capital) for 490 years. In 1275 AD, the Yuan Dynasty established Zhongshu Province in Yunnan, established Zhongqing Road, and Kunming County was the capital of Zhongqing Road. The ruling center of Yunnan was moved from Dali to Kunming, and Kunming became the political, economic, and cultural center of the province. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhongqing Road was renamed Yunnan Prefecture and it was followed until the end of the Qing Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qing troops entered the country and captured Beijing. The remnants of the peasant uprising army led by Zhang Xianzhong retreated to Kunming and implemented a set of political, economic, and cultural systems that controlled the national situation for 12 years. During the Southern Ming Dynasty, Kunming became the "Dian Capital" of King Gui Yongli's regime.
In the Revolution of 1919, the "Chongjiu Uprising" broke out in Kunming, overthrowing the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan, abolishing Yunnan Prefecture, and Kunming County remained the seat of the provincial capital. In 1928, Kunming was officially established as a city. From the beginning of the Republic of China to the early stage of the Anti-Japanese War, a series of reforms and urban construction in education, social customs, finance, finance, etc. were carried out, which promoted the modern development of Kunming city.
During the Anti-Japanese War, all walks of life in Yunnan and Kunming actively supported the anti-Japanese war, and the people of the city enthusiastically supported the war. The Yunnan Army rushed to the anti-Japanese front line and repeatedly made extraordinary achievements. Due to the fall of a large area of land, many factories, institutions, universities, scientific research units, and financial institutions in the inland and coastal areas moved south to Kunming, setting off an upsurge in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement, and Kunming became the anti-Japanese rear area and a "fortress of democracy." With the help of various talents, technologies, and funds gathered in Kunming, Kunming's economic, social and cultural undertakings developed rapidly during this period, and the modernization of the city accelerated. Yunnan was peacefully liberated in 1949. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the People's Government, Kunming's development entered a new era.
Although Kunming is located on the border, as a famous historical and cultural city, Kunming has formed a special atmosphere for absorbing and emerging talents since ancient times. During the Anti-Japanese War, it once became a strategic rear area that gathered elites from all walks of life across the country and was responsible for the rise and fall of the country. Kunming has produced Zheng He who made seven voyages to the West, Lan Mao who made great contributions to the motherland's medicine with his "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica", Qian Feng, a poet and painter, a famous calligrapher and painter, Cai E, the leader of the "Guardian of the Nation", "March of the Volunteers" 》author Nie Er; has trained outstanding scientists such as Li Zhengdao, Yang Zhenning, Deng Jiaxian, and Zhu Guangya; and has also gathered a large number of modern intellectual elites such as Hua Luogeng, Qian Zhongshu, Xiong Qinglai, Wen Yiduo, Zhu Ziqing, Zhou Peiyuan, and Wu Han.