What is the definition of psychology?
Psychology is an ancient and young science. Humans have been exploring their own psychological phenomena for two thousand years, which is ancient: since Aristotle's On the Soul in the fourth century BC, psychology has been included in philosophy; It is young because it didn't start to separate from philosophy until the middle of19th century and became an independent science with a history of only a hundred years. Therefore, the famous German psychologist Ebbinghaus once said: "The birth of psychology was marked by the first psychological laboratory founded by Feng Te, a German psychologist and founder of scientific psychology, in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany.
Psychology is a science that studies the occurrence and development of human psychological phenomena. So, what is human psychological phenomenon? People's psychological phenomena are various, and the relationship between them is very complicated. Psychological phenomena are produced all the time, so sober people are familiar with them. All human activities-labor, work and study will have psychological phenomena. For example, when we watch TV, we can hear beautiful music and see magnificent scenery on TV; When we eat, we can smell the fragrance and sweetness of rice, which is the feeling and perception of people; We can still "vividly remember" the TV movies we watched, which is memory and so on. These are all psychological phenomena. The content of psychological research includes two aspects: on the one hand, psychological process, including cognitive process (feeling, perception, memory, thinking, imagination) and emotional process (joy, anger, sadness, joy, etc.). ) and will process (determine the purpose, overcome difficulties, etc. ).
Everyone has a psychological process, which is the essence of human psychological phenomenon. On the other hand, personality, including personality tendency (motivation, needs, beliefs, ideals, world outlook) and personality psychological characteristics (ability, temperament, personality). Personality is the personality of psychological phenomenon, just like two identical leaves can't be found in the world, and two people with identical psychological characteristics can't be found. Psychology studies the laws of human psychology and behavior from these two aspects.
Learning psychology is of great significance to life. Combined with experience, its significance is as follows:
(1) "Where there are people, there is psychology." Professor Liu Huashan, head of the psychology department of Huazhong Normal University, told us straight away when talking about the significance of psychology. People's psychology is regular. Enterprise management, ideological and political education, personnel selection, safe production, interpersonal relationship and so on all need to understand people's psychology. Learning psychology is helpful for people to better understand and deal with these problems.
(2) help to know yourself and strengthen your self-cultivation. Psychological knowledge is very important for self-education. Scientific understanding of psychological phenomena can enable people to correctly evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their own personality, determine individual characteristics, correctly and consciously strive to develop positive qualities and overcome negative qualities.
③ In work, study and life, one will inevitably encounter all kinds of psychological problems and puzzles. Such as love, marriage, inferiority, interpersonal problems, insomnia, anxiety, depression and other issues. If you study psychology, you can make self-analysis and self-adjustment well, and you won't fall into psychological confusion and eventually lead to mental illness or even mental illness.
Learning psychology can broaden people's horizons. Especially those who are engaged in literature, philosophy, aesthetics, medicine and other disciplines, learning some psychological knowledge can enrich people's thoughts and opinions.
⑤ Realize self-worth. With the development of modern society, people's spiritual life will become more and more important, psychological problems will become more and more, and psychology will become more and more important. For a psychologist, it is very meaningful to dedicate what he has learned to the society and serve the people.
Of course, the significance of psychology goes far beyond this. Psychology plays an extremely important role and significance in the fields of business, medicine, justice and education, so I won't say much here. Mental health means that a person's physiology, psychology and society are in a harmonious state of mutual coordination, and its characteristics are as follows:
Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition for people to live, study, work and work.
Emotional stability and happiness are important signs of mental health. It shows that a person's central nervous system is in a relatively balanced state, which means the coordination of physical functions.
A mentally healthy person, his behavior is dominated by consciousness, his thoughts and behaviors are unified and coordinated, and he has the ability of self-control. If a person's behavior and thoughts are contradictory, his attention is not focused, his thoughts are confused and his language is fragmented ... >>
What is the definition of psychology?
There are two definitions in the teaching materials of psychological counselors. First, psychology is the function of the brain. This is a biological point of view. Second, psychology is a reflection of objective reality. This is from a sociological point of view. Psychological phenomena have both natural and social attributes. Psychology is an interdisciplinary subject between natural science and social science.
What does psychological self-definition mean?
What does psychological self-definition mean?
Self is also called self-awareness or self-concept. In the psychological sense, it mainly refers to the individual's cognition of his own existence, which is the result of the individual's self-evaluation of his social role. In people's experience, they are aware of everything about themselves and are different from other things around them and others. This is self-awareness. Everything about ourselves here refers to our bodies, our physical and psychological activities.
Self-awareness has always been an enduring topic in psychological research, and the fundamental question of psychology is "what is man". In ancient times, philosophers could not distinguish between people's "self" and conscious activities. Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, believed that "soul" not only controlled human physical activities, but also controlled the soul itself, which was the "self" of human beings.
The study of the concept of "self" in the true psychological sense began with James, who distinguished "self" from conscious activities and introduced the concept of "self" into psychology. Since 1890 James introduced the concept of self into psychology, the research on the concept of "self" in psychology has experienced ups and downs. Before behaviorism appeared, psychology was interested in the study of the concept of "self", but with the rise of behaviorism, the study of self-concept was gradually ignored. Later, humanism appeared, especially Rogers, who made an in-depth study of self-concept. After the 1980s, the cognitive school also attached great importance to the study of self-concept. The concept of "self" has been widely concerned by people, and its research and application have been popularized. When psychologists of different schools study self-concept, they have different understandings because of the differences in cognition, methods, views on human nature and research orientation.
What are the basic concepts of psychology?
Psychology is a marginal science (also called intermediate science or interdisciplinary science) related to both natural science and social science. It is not only a science to know the world, but also a science to know, predict and regulate people's psychological activities and behaviors, and a science to study the occurrence and development law of people's psychological phenomena.
The history of modern psychology should start from 1879 when German Feng Te established a psychological laboratory in Leipzig, but the research of psychology can be traced back to Aristotle's works on the soul in ancient Greece. Therefore, German psychologist Ebbinghaus believes that psychology has a long past, but only a short history.
The research object of psychology is human psychological phenomenon. And people's psychological phenomena are usually divided into two aspects:
1, * * * sexual psychological process
Psychological process is the process of the occurrence and development of people's psychological activities, including cognitive process, emotional process and will process.
2. Personality and psychological characteristics.
The psychological characteristics of personality are the relatively stable individual differences of psychological process in different people, including ability, temperament and personality.
The difference between psychological process and individual psychological characteristics is the difference between the whole and the individual, and psychological phenomenon is the unity of psychological process and individual psychological characteristics.
Cognitive process is a process in which people reflect the characteristics, connections or relationships of objective things through the forms of feeling, perception, memory, thinking and imagination. In addition, the cognitive process is a process in which people receive, store, process and understand all kinds of information, that is, the process in which the human brain reflects the phenomenon and essence of objective things. )
Feeling is a reflection of the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs. For example: "I feel cold!" "This is the feeling.
Perception is a comprehensive and overall direct reflection of people's various attributes, parts and their relationships. For example: "I feel cold!" "This is perception, because this cold feeling is an attribute of the weather.
Memory is a process in which experience is imprinted, maintained and reproduced. For example, remember what your mother looks like.
Thinking is the generalization and indirect reflection of the human brain on the essential attributes and laws of objective things. Thinking is indirect and general, and must be realized through language. Universality includes two aspects: 1, the * * * same essence of a kind of things; 2. The relationship between one thing and another. All scientific concepts, theorems, laws and rules are the result of thinking generalization and the reflection of human brain on objective things generalization. Indirect means dependence: 1, media; 2. knowledge The indirectness of thinking makes people's cognitive ability break through the limitation of time and space and get rid of the limitation of one thing and one thing's specific cognition, so human's cognitive ability far exceeds that of animals, that is, they have wisdom. Thinking always reflects objective things with the help of language. Language is the coat of thinking. Without language, there is no thinking. Thinking is a kind of advanced psychological activity, which is unique to human beings.
Imagination is the process that the human brain processes and transforms the stored images to form new images. For example, I haven't seen my mother for many years. Imagine what my mother would be like now according to my memory.
Emotional process refers to the experience of people's attitude towards the objective things they know in the process of knowing things. For example, people's happiness, anger, sadness and fear, and people's sense of morality, reason and beauty are all concrete manifestations of the emotional process.
The process of will refers to the psychological process that people consciously set goals, adjust and control their actions according to the goals, and overcome difficulties to achieve the predetermined goals. Will is the full embodiment of people's subjective initiative.
The relationship among cognitive process, emotional process and will process is not isolated, but a unified whole. They are interrelated, restricted and infiltrated with each other.
The relationship between cognitive process and emotional process is: 1. Cognitive process is the basis of emotion. There is no love for no reason, and there is no hate for no reason. 2. Emotional process can react to cognitive process, which has both positive and negative aspects.
The relationship between cognitive process and will process is: 1. Cognitive process is the premise of will process. Only by understanding the laws of things through the cognitive process can we determine the purpose of the will process and choose the ways, ways and methods to achieve it. 2. Will can affect people's cognitive process, making people more purposeful and directional in the cognitive process.
The relationship between will process and emotional process is: 1. Emotion has a certain influence on will. Positive and happy emotions can improve people's activity enthusiasm and become the driving force of will. Negative and unpleasant emotions will reduce people's enthusiasm for activities and hinder will activities. 2. Will can regulate people's mood. A strong-willed person can ... >>
What is the psychological definition of micro-expression?
Through "micro-expression", you can see whether you like a person or not. Usually people attribute this to the subconscious, intuition or "instinctive feeling", but researchers have found that the information received by the eyes is more abundant-the human face can transmit information, and the face is a medium and a transmitter of information. When "reading" a face, there is a lot of information that fans need to discover. These include the basic structure and muscle characteristics of the face: is this face angular or chubby? Usually, after seeing a strange face, we will look through Luo Le's business card manager and look for people with similar faces among people we know. We also make our own judgments through people's glasses, makeup, tattoos or piercings.
What is the psychological definition of intuition? Please give an example.
It is the first feeling, the first judgment of the human brain on things, and the instinctive reaction in the ideological field based on physiology, psychology and previous knowledge and experience.
For example, a person often meets a certain kind of bad guy, and the next time he meets someone who looks similar, he will first think that this is a bad guy.
So intuition is not necessarily accurate, but it is often based on the accumulation of our life experience, which has a great influence on our judgment of things.