How to learn notation?
In the notation system, the relative pitch of the sound is represented by seven Arabic numerals, but it cannot be read by numerals, and should be read (sung) by the corresponding pinyin below.
? Label: 1 2 3 4? 56 7 i
Singing: Do it? ri mi？ Law? Saul? Los Angeles? Is it? do
The pitch distance between adjacent sounds of these eight different tones can be divided into semitones and whole tones, in which 3 and 4 and 7 and I are semitones and other adjacent sounds are whole tones. From 1 to I, of every two adjacent sounds, the latter one is higher than the previous one. For example, 2 is greater than 1, 3 is greater than 2, 4 is greater than 3, …, and I is greater than 7.
Don't think that you can pronounce and sing the eight sounds of 1234567i according to pinyin. The standard of "singing" is that when you pronounce these eight tones, the pitch distance between every two adjacent tones remains correct. I remember in the first grade, at the beginning of every music class, the teacher would play the organ and let us practice singing again and again.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 i -
i 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -
This is actually to make us familiar with and master the relative pitches of these eight sounds. Then practice repeatedly through musical instruments 135i-, I 53 1- and so on. Step by step, according to the pronunciation of the first sound of a phrase, other higher or lower sounds can be pronounced immediately and accurately. I don't know, besides relying on musical instruments, is there a better way to practice the pitch of these eight notes?
Adding a dot at the top of the note means singing an octave higher, for example, I is eight octaves higher than 1, and adding two dots means two octaves higher; On the contrary, adding a dot below means singing an octave lower, and adding two dots means singing an octave lower.
Symbols such as 1=C in the upper left corner of the symbol are called key signature. Key signature is a pitch marker used to determine the height of a song, music (or tune). 1=C means that the pitch of 1(do) is equivalent to the c sound in the instrument keyboard. Obviously, 1=D means that the pitch of 1(do) is equivalent to the D sound in the instrument keyboard, and so on.
To sing a song well, the level of voice is very important. If the pitch is high, the highest note of the song may not be sung; If you start singing short, you may not be able to sing the lowest note of this song. The best way to prevent too high and too low is to set the pitch with musical instruments according to key signature. The easiest way is to find the highest note of the song first, and then determine the pitch of the first note of the song. For example, the highest note of the song "Sunset Red" is I, and the first note is 5. Then sing I at the highest note, and then sing 7, 6, 5. At this point, the pitch of 5 is the appropriate height for the song to start.
Second, we should know how to express the length of white tone and master it skillfully.
The length of a note is indicated by adding a short horizontal line behind or below the note.
? Adding a few horizontal lines after the notes means that the length of the notes is extended several times. For example, 1-that is to say, 1 is expanded by three times, that is, the length of 1-is four times that of1.
What do you mean if you want to extend the duration of a note by half? Just add a dot after the note. For example, 1 is 0.5 times longer than 1.
? What does it mean to shorten the duration of a note by half? Just add a horizontal line under the remarks, such as 1? Is the sound length of 1 2 half the sound length? The sound length of is half the sound length of 2. In other words, there is a horizontal note below, which is only half as long as the original one. Similarly, there are two horizontal notes below, only a quarter of the original length, three horizontal notes below, only an eighth of the original length, and so on.
We call notes that show no signs of lengthening or shortening the duration as quarter notes, such as 1, 2, 3, etc. And notes like 1- and 1- are called binary notes and whole notes respectively; Put the horizontal note under 1? It is called an eighth note, and the note with two horizontal lines below it is called a sixteenth note, and so on.
Third, we should understand how notation expresses rest.
The basic symbol of sound pause is 0. In order to represent the surplus of different lengths, we can increase the number of surplus zeros or add an attachment point to the right of zero, or add a horizontal line below zero, but not after zero.
Fourth, we should study and stick to the beat.
On the upper left of the score of a song, there is a score called the time sign. For example, 2/4 is pronounced as four beats or two beats, and its denominator 4 represents a quarter note as one beat, and the numerator 2 represents each bar (that is, the part between two adjacent vertical lines in the score) as two beats. There are also 4/4, 3/4, 3/8 and so on, which all mean the same thing.
Beat is the basic unit of music time. When we knock it down from a certain height with our hands and lift it back to its original position, a beat is formed. Knockdown is the first half, and lifting is the second half. In each specific piece of music, the time distance between two adjacent beats, or the time value of each beat, is equal, but the severity of each beat is strong or weak, which is not the same. When there is a certain regularity in the alternation of light and heavy, it constitutes a beat. Different beats show different light and heavy cycles. In music score, the regular cycle of light and heavy beats is divided by bar lines. For example, 2/4 of the 4-2 beat, the weight relationship of each bar is | strength | intensity | ...; 4/4, the light and heavy relationship of each paragraph is | strong and weak times | strong and weak times | strong. ...
In 2/4 beat, 4/4 beat and 3/4 beat, the quarter note is one beat. Sometimes two octaves are combined into one beat, such as 12? ,65? By analogy, there is a horizontal line under the two basic notes. Sometimes four hexagrams are recombined into one beat, that is, there are two horizontal lines under the four basic tones. In a beat, sometimes only one word is sung, and sometimes two words or three words or four words are sung. When learning to sing, you should stick to the beat, pay attention to which words are sung in the first half and which words are sung in the second half, so that the lyrics and score are consistent with the beat.
Fifth, we should understand and master the singing methods of point notes and syncopation.
As I said before, when a point is added after a note, the length of the note will be extended by half. Let's shoot on April 2 | 1? In 2|, 1. It's a dotted quarter note, singing one and a half beats = the first beat+the first half beat of the second beat, and 2 is an eighth note singing half beat (the second half beat), so sing two beats together. The feeling of singing is "long before and short after", that is, the sound is long before the attachment point and short after the attachment point. Try to sing songs such as "Only a mother is good in the world" and "I am a soldier", paying special attention to the singing method of dotted notes.
Let's shoot on April 2 | 1? 2? In 1|, the quarter note sandwiched between two octaves is syncopation, 5? 6? I'm syncopated, too Two sixteenth notes with an eighth note in the middle are also syncopated. Obviously, the three notes that make up syncopation are 1? 2? The duration of 1 is half beat, one beat and half beat respectively. The feeling of singing is "long in the middle and short in the front and back". Practice singing songs such as Sunset Red and Where is Happiness, and pay special attention to syncopation.
Sixth, from easy to difficult, insist on practicing singing, and you will certainly learn to memorize music.
With the above five most important basic knowledge, you can first select a few simple songs that can be sung, such as Auld Lang Syne, Dongfanghong, etc., and practice reading music to get familiar with what pitch and duration symbols to sing. Then practice singing music while listening to songs, which is a good way to sing accurate notes. Finally, find a book system that introduces music theory to learn more about music scores, and choose some simple music scores but can't sing songs to practice.
Now, using computers and the Internet, we can learn music and sing very conveniently. You can go to Supu. Find the music you want and download it to your computer. Find the song you want in Baidu MP3 and download it to your computer. So as long as you open the song player and the song pictures in the computer at the same time, you can learn to play music and sing while listening to songs. Of course, it can also be made into the following appendix, which is more convenient.
Appendix: Common symbols