Application of architectural methodology?
Some people say that architecture is by no means a pure thing.
Like the birth of any school, the ambivalence and controversy of architectural theory have never stopped. Perhaps in a certain time-recorded symbol, a certain theory occupies a dominant position, but other remarks will not disappear. In the near future, there will be another speech to replace it, either retro or innovative. In short, nothing is eternal in architectural theory, just as the beauty of no building is eternal.
Architectural design methodology is very contradictory, and it is doomed from its birth date. The research of design methodology rose from 195s to 196s, and its original purpose was to seek the scientificity and modernization of design methods, so as to solve the contradiction between the limitation of architects' personal ability and the increasingly complex design problems. The scientific design method has not been successful in practice, but the discussion on the design method has attracted the attention of architects. With the deepening and development of research, this kind of research has become a design methodology and a part of modern architectural theory.
It is a simple truth that methodology works with architects. Architects add methodology to architecture in an invisible way. Even though he may not realize it, he can never deny it.
How exactly is methodology added to architecture? 1 buildings will give 1 answers.
if I really want to define the methodology I know, I hesitate for a long time, but I still have no answer. As far as the residential planning I have done is concerned, let me talk about my understanding of methodology.
The residential area is a building form with various features, and there are many factors to be considered in the planning process. The three evaluation methods involved in methodology are all important in community planning. For example, economic evaluation is at a disadvantage to Expo buildings, environmental evaluation is at a disadvantage to commercial buildings with tight land use, and social evaluation is at a disadvantage to dormitory buildings with high density. There are many factors that determine these, not that architects ignore these, but that the influence of external objective factors changes something.
Of course, these contents will be discussed in the design process. It is not difficult to make a design, but it is not easy to make a good original design. The process from conception to practice is hard to imagine. If these restrictions are added to the building, many unexpected changes will occur in the design of the building and many original ideas will be lost.
almost every construction project starts from the task book. First, I received the terrain and design requirements, and read them several times. The base of the community is located under the Dinghuaimen Bridge in Hexi, with its back against Qinhuai River, close to Longjiang Community and facing Gulin Park. The base faces the urban trunk roads, covering an area of about 2 hectares.
analyze the requirements of the task book and form a general concept in your mind, that is, the basic design trend. The process of this step comes from the nature of the architect's design method, that is, the architect's decision-making stage in the analysis process also largely determines the style and prototype of the planning. Of course, if the plan cannot be implemented, it is another matter.
The more mature an architect is, the more free his subjective consciousness is, and the more comfortable he is in his design. After a certain stage, he will have his own style for a certain period of time. This is an invisible thing that can also be reflected in the initial decision-making stage.
in the example of community planning, my initial idea was to divide the community into several sections, in which the functions were clear at a glance. Different styles, different types, have different ownership. Beautiful things are always related, and the division of terrain pursues the aesthetic feeling of composition. It is obvious that once the terrain is divided into disorder, the functions will not be arranged reasonably. In the division of terrain, I decided the idea of "partially surrounding the center", that is, putting the central green space, public facilities and activity places in a bell-shaped section in the center where the three main entrances of the base intersect, and arranging the residential areas around the center according to different plates to form a unified whole.
the division of residential blocks must first consider the relationship between story height, sunshine and orientation. Based on the geographical location of Nanjing, lighting in the south has always been the best. The sunshine shadow of high-rise and small high-rise buildings is relatively large, so it is necessary to lean against the north of the base as far as possible, so as to strive for a better orientation for other multi-storey and low-rise buildings. This layout takes into account the specific problems related to the wind direction of light, and is a comprehensive application of ecological building design theory. Ecological consciousness has existed since ancient China. Although it is not a very exact and clear concept, for example, the ubiquitous geomantic theory and some structural rules have never missed a respect and coordination for nature.
from the ecological point of view, that is, from the needs of the environment and people, it is very necessary to carry out architectural design. This is what rationalism and empiricism, two schools of methodology, have emphasized.
after roughly dividing the functional blocks, the next step is easy and cumbersome work. How to put different types of houses in the board is the architect's later work. Of course, the most essential things at this stage are a specification for community planning, a calculator and a triangular ruler. Repeated measurement, according to the different height to determine the different residential spacing. The greening and environment in each section must also meet certain standards. How to get a convenient and beautiful living environment is a problem that needs to be considered. Here, architects constantly load their own decisions and subjectivities. Of course, they should be based on objective conditions and not blindly subjective.
at this stage, what I do, like most people, is to integrate the initial idea with the practical application as much as possible. Take Group E as an example (as shown in Figure 3). Because of the terrain, this group is a horizontally arranged block, and the green space between each room connector is relatively large. So it is very suitable to solve the parking problem of vehicles, so a large number of parking spaces are set here to meet the needs of ground parking. Because of the terrain, the area of green space between houses is large, which is not conducive to residents' walking. Therefore, only the green space is disconnected and divided into several small pieces, which is also a solution to a problem from the perspective of human psychological scale research.
By analogy, after solving the internal problems of the group in this way, the model will become the next test method. Architecture is not just a plane thing. In the eyes of the public, its facade and appearance often occupy a great evaluation standard. Many problems can be found by attaching the established plane to the model.
after the model was established, the problem appeared as expected. Originally, the villa area was two sections adjacent to the high-rise, but after the establishment, it was found that the connection place was abrupt due to the height, lacking a transition, and there was no harmonious feeling in the overall module. But the whole cannot be changed, only to find another way. Looking around, it seems that only a green space between the villa area and the small high-rise building can be moved. Adjust the green space to the joint between the high-rise building and the villa area, then build a model and make continuous adjustments until the whole block of the community enters a relatively harmonious level. The whole process takes a long time. (as shown in Figure 4)
People's behavior and environment are basically in an adaptive, balanced and gestalt relationship. Architects have a considerable responsibility for this. Once such a process is forgotten in architectural design, the consequences will bring considerable inconvenience and even affect the lives of others. Successful design takes into account a lot of things in terms of environment. Adaptability is a design concept in methodology, which focuses on people and environment and cares about people's behavior, psychology, physiology and spirit. It is a mainstream of modern design theory and obviously belongs to the branch of empiricism.
the popularity of empiricism does not mean the decline of rationalism. In the world where modern architectural theory is developing, rationalism and empiricism have more and more trends, indicating that they want to "combine" together.
In the design of residential district planning, the way of thinking is still rational analysis. A building without spirit is an empty building, which can't attract the attention of human beings, and it will definitely not be a good building. In fact, this rational thinking and analysis method has been embodied in the process of composition. The model of "analysis-induction" of the first generation of methodological scholars on design problems has been used to this day. It can be seen that rationalism is enduring. Composition is a purely cognitive thing, which basically has nothing to do with the word material, and it is also the embodiment of rationalism in community design.
Just like someone once made a summary survey for world-class architects:
1 Most of them are practicing architects, who have done many practical projects, and those who have not done practical projects at most become architectural educators
2 Most of them have participated in some internationally renowned competitions, and most of them are practical projects, with few concepts
3 Most of them have hobbies that other architects rarely have, such as philosophy, music, art, video and even collection. There is no one who just does engineering and doesn't talk about ideas.
with the development of rationalism and empiricism, designers have inevitably paid attention to it. No designer can clarify that he is only influenced by rationalism or empiricism.
after planning the residential area, looking back, there are many things that can be summarized.
the factors for evaluating buildings are (1) financial evaluation, (2) national economic evaluation, (3) social impact evaluation and (4) environmental impact evaluation. This paper only discusses the application of methodology in practical process from the simple environmental assessment. The other three aspects are also very important for an overall architectural form, especially for such architectural forms as residential areas.
the real purpose of methodology research is to obtain accurate and practical information and feed it back to the actual design work, so that people living in this building can benefit, which is the most important thing.
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