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1. Wang Hua
Wang Hua (586-649), formerly known as Wang Shihua, with the courtesy name Guofu and Yingfa, lived in Dengyuanli, She County, Shezhou (now part of Anhui Province) Jixi), a separatist force during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and a minister of the Tang Dynasty.
When the world was in chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Huahua protected the country and the people, raised troops and commanded six states including Shezhou, Xuanzhou, Hangzhou, Raozhou, Muzhou, and Wuzhou, established the Kingdom of Wu, and called himself King of Wu.
With the implementation of benevolent government, the people in Wu State lived and worked in peace and contentment. In the era of wars and wars, Wu State was peaceful and peaceful; in the fourth year of Wude, Wang Hua assessed the situation and persuaded the civil servants and generals to voluntarily give up the throne and lead the country back to the country. Tang.
Li Yuan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, granted him the title of Shangzhu State, the Duke of Yue State, the governor of Shezhou, and the general in charge of the military affairs of the six states; in the second year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin granted him the power of General Zhongwu and the power to take charge of the imperial army, and entrusted Jiugong to stay behind and assist. In the government affairs, the position is extremely human. After his death, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty granted him the posthumous title Zhonglie and gave him the secret weapon of Dongyuan.
Wang Hua is a combination of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and possesses extraordinary military talents and political strategies. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, emperors Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong issued many edicts and commended them as models of loyalty to the emperor, patriotism, diligence and peace of mind; Zhao Pu, Li Gang, Su Che, Yue Fei, Zhu Xi, Wen Tianxiang, etc. Civil servants and military generals from past dynasties wrote poems and inscriptions to praise him as a role model for thousands of years;
People in the six states south of the Yangtze River regarded him as a god and worshiped him as "Emperor Wang Gong", "Sun Bodhisattva" and "Lord of Peace". More than 70 ancestral temples were built to offer sacrifices at four seasons for thousands of years.
2. Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (September 15, 1130 - April 23, 1200), also known as Yuan Hui, also known as Zhong Hui, also known as Hui'an, later called Hui Weng , posthumous title Wen, known as Zhu Wengong in the world. His ancestral home is Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), and he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province).
A famous Neo-Confucian, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet in the Song Dynasty, a representative of the Fujian School, and the master of Confucianism, the World Honored One is called Zhu Zi. Zhu Xi was the only one who was not a direct disciple of Confucius and was worshiped in the Confucius Temple. He was among the twelve philosophers in the Dacheng Hall who received Confucian sacrifices.
Zhu Xi was a student of Li Tong, the third disciple of "Er Cheng" (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi). Together with Er Cheng, he was called the "Cheng-Zhu School". Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became the official philosophy of the three dynasties. He was another person in the history of Chinese education after Confucius.
Zhu Xi passed the Jinshi examination at the age of nineteen. He served as the prefect of Nankang in Jiangxi, Zhangzhou in Fujian, and governor of eastern Zhejiang. He was an upright and promising official and promoted the construction of academies. He served as a minister and lecturer in Huanzhang Pavilion and gave lectures to Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty.
Zhu Xi wrote many works, including "Collected Commentary on Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", "Explanation of Tai Chi Pictures", "Commentary on Tongshu", "Reading of Zhouyi" and "Collected Commentary on Chu Ci". Later generations compiled "The Complete Works of Zhu Zi" and "Collected Sayings of Zhu Zi". "Xiang" etc. Among them, "Collected Commentary on Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books" became the imperial textbook and the standard for imperial examinations.
3. Dai Zhen
Dai Zhen (January 19, 1724 - July 1, 1777), also named Dongyuan, also named Shenxiu, also named Gaoxi, Xiuninglong A native of Fu (now Tunxi District, Huangshan, Anhui), he was a famous philologist, philosopher and thinker in the Qing Dynasty.
In the 27th year of Qianlong's reign (1762), he was elected as the official compiler of "Sikuquanshu" in the 38th year of Qianlong's reign (1773). In the 40th year of Qianlong's reign (1775), he passed the sixth examination. Because of his outstanding academic achievements, he was specially ordered to participate in the palace examination and was granted the same background as a Jinshi. He died in the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777) at the age of fifty-five.
Dai Zhen had extensive scholarship and was proficient in phonology, writing, calendaring, and geography. He further elaborated on principles and criticized the Neo-Confucian theory of "removing human desires and retaining natural principles." His ideas of treating individuals as real and criticizing Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism have had a profound impact on academic trends since the late Qing Dynasty. Liang Qichao was called "the first scholar in the pre-Qing Dynasty", and Liang Qichao and Hu Shi were called pioneers in modern Chinese science.
4. Tao Xingzhi
Tao Xingzhi (October 18, 1891 - July 25, 1946), a native of She County, Anhui Province, was an educator and thinker of the Chinese people , a great democratic fighter, patriot, and one of the main leaders of the Chinese People's Salvation Congress and the China Democratic League.
In 1908, when he was seventeen, he was admitted to Hangzhou Guangji Medical Hall. He returned to China in the autumn of 1917 and successively served as professor and academic director of Nanjing Normal University and National Southeast University. In 1926, the "Declaration of the Chinese Educational Improvement Society on Transforming Rural Education in the Country" was issued.
In 1929, St. John's University awarded him an honorary doctorate of science in recognition of his contribution to China's educational reform. In 1931, he edited the "Children's Science Series".
In 1935, inspired by the "August 1st Declaration" of the Communist Party of China, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. In 1945, he was elected as member of the Central Standing Committee of the China Democratic League and chairman of the Education Committee, and chairman of the Education Committee.
On the morning of July 25, 1946, he unfortunately died in Shanghai at the age of 55 due to long-term overwork.
5. Hu Shi
Hu Shi (December 17, 1891-February 24, 1962), formerly known as Siji, also known as Xijiang, and his scientific name was Hong Wei, and later changed his name. Suitable, the word is suitable. Thinker, writer, philosopher. A native of Jixi, Huizhou, he is famous for advocating "vernacular Chinese" and leading the New Culture Movement.
Educated in a private school in his hometown when he was young. At the age of 19, he was admitted to the Boxer Indemnity Official Scholarship. He studied in the United States and studied under the philosopher John Dewey. He returned to China in the summer of 1917 and was employed as a professor at Peking University.
In 1918, he joined the editorial board of "New Youth" and vigorously advocated vernacular writing, promoting individual liberation and freedom of thought. Together with Chen Duxiu, he was the leader of the New Culture Movement.
His articles expounded the difference between old and new literature from the perspective of creative theory, advocated new literary creation, translated some works of French Daudet, Maupassant, and Norwegian Ibsen, and took the lead in the creation of vernacular literature. His vernacular poems published in 1917 were the first new poems in the history of modern literature.
After the "May 4th Movement", he parted ways with Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and other intellectuals who accepted Marxism. Starting from the "dispute between issues and doctrines", he advocated reform and changed his "20 years of non-conformity". Talk about politics; don’t do politics for 20 years” attitude.
He founded the "Jiujiang Weekly" in the 1920s, the "Independent Review" in the 1930s, and the "Independent Times" in the 1940s. From 1938 to 1942, he served as the Ambassador of the Republic of China to the United States. Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1939.
He served as president of Peking University from 1946 to 1948. Went to the United States in 1949. He returned to Taiwan in 1952 and became president of Academia Sinica in 1957. Died of illness in Taipei in 1962.
Hu Shi’s lifelong academic activities were mainly in the fields of literature, philosophy, history, textual criticism, education, and red studies. His main works include "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy" (Part 1), "Collection of Attempts", " "History of Vernacular Literature" (Part 1) and "Hu Shi's Wen Cun" (four volumes), etc. His most influential academic influence was his advocacy of the academic approach of "boldly assuming and careful verification".
Baidu Encyclopedia - Wang Hua
Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhu Xi
Baidu Encyclopedia - Dai Zhen
Baidu Encyclopedia - Tao Xing Knowledge
Baidu Encyclopedia——Hu Shi