The history of Qiongzhou Fucheng in Fucheng

According to historical records, Qiongzhou City (Qiongshan City, Qiongshan County City, Qiongzhou Fucheng) “has flat soil and steep mountains, with clear streams in front of it, oceans surrounding it, saddles on the right, and seven stars on the left. "The three peaks of the writing style are towering and straight, and the district and the prefecture and county are looking forward to "Chenghai State", surrounded by mountains and rivers.

Perhaps the rulers at that time were interested in such a "feng shui treasure land". After it was determined as the seat of the state government, Qiongshan City (today's Fucheng), which was originally only the county seat, has grown far in size and area. It could no longer fulfill its important role as the political, economic, and cultural center of Qiongzhou. Construction scenes began to appear next to the original rammed earth city wall of Qiongshan City (today's Fucheng). Large-scale expansion followed, and the city wall was extended to 1.5 kilometers. long. At the same time, a river was excavated and built at the south gate of Qiongshan City (today's Fucheng) as a moat for Qiongzhou City (today's Fucheng). This was the Hekou River, now the Meishe River. Some large foreign ships could pass through this river from the port to Under the city.

Of course, the choice of location for the state government office cannot be ambiguous. The selected prefectural government office at that time (now the Qiongshan Middle School on Wenzhuang Road and the Qiongshan Government Dormitory Compound) has a higher terrain and a wide view. There is a stream flowing not far away, and to the southeast, there is a lake called Nanhu. It seems like a precious mirror. It is surrounded by three small peaks named Bao'er, Wenlong and Santai, which look like a chair, and the government office is located on this chair.

By the Yuan Dynasty, the Meishe River meandered for ten miles and connected with the Nandu River. Qiongzhou City also became a transportation center, with large and small ships plying on the river to transport grain, oil, sugar, wood, etc. You can pass by the dock at the south gate of Qiongzhou City (today's Fucheng), and the prosperity and bustle seem to flow into the ancient city along with its stream. This place successively became the seat of the Qiongzhou Road Appeasement Department, the Qianning Military and Civilian Appeasement Department, and the Qianning Appeasement Department in the Yuan Dynasty.

Sun An, the Minister of War, led more than a thousand officers and soldiers to Qiongdao. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), the Qianning Appeasement Department was reorganized into Qiongzhou Prefecture, and the government was located in Qiongshan County (Qiongzhou City). 中, governed the entire Hainan, and was first called "Jincheng". Fucheng once again opened up the city siege and expanded the city. Nine years later, the Fucheng (also known as the county town) was generally formed. Its city perimeter was 1,253 feet, 2.7 feet high, and 2.8 feet thick. It had 1,843 battlements, 57 storehouses, and three city gates in the east, south, and west. The gate was originally called Chaoyang Gate and later changed to Yongtai Gate. The south gate was called Jingnan Gate and the west gate was called Hue Gate. There is no north gate in the county town, but a city wall tower called Wanghai Tower is built, and a moat is built around it.

There is no historical record of why there is no north gate in Fucheng. There is speculation that when the city wall was being built, it was thought that opening the north gate would be a bad omen, and since it faces the sea to the north, it would not be conducive to defense. Build a turret at the east, west, south and north corners of the city for inspection and sentry. During the Qiongshan Earthquake, most of the city walls and buildings collapsed and were later rebuilt. The plan of the city in the Qing Dynasty was oval, and most of the city walls were demolished in 1983. In the center of the city, there were originally Leiqiong Military Preparation Office, Qiongzhou Government Office, Admiral College Administrative Office, Qiongzhou Town General Military Office, Qiongshan County Office and other units at all levels, as well as the Jade Emperor Temple, Tianning Temple, Sangong Temple, County School The palace, Qiongtai Academy and other buildings, there are "seven wells, eight lanes and thirteen streets" in the city, densely covered with numerous Jinshi Square, Juren Square, Zhengjie Archway, Qiu Jun's former residence and Hai Rui's former residence are still there in Jinhua Village, Beisheng Street, The deep ruts on Ma On Street, a stone-paved street, illustrate its long history. Many prominent families have lived in Dash Lane for generations.

From the Song Dynasty when it became a prefecture until the Republic of China, Fucheng has been the political and military center of Hainan for thousands of years.