Geomantic omen in the south of Gobi desert
"The shallow grass is fragrant and fragrant, and the light sail is hunting and sending fishing songs. The scenery is better than Jiangnan, and it is difficult to describe it with a bald pen. " Judging from the poems of the ancients, the northwest was once a vibrant and picturesque scene, but why is it quite different from this statement in the impression of modern people?
In your mind, does the mention of the northwest print a vast desert, and a Gobi is connected with a Gobi? So what made the once vibrant Tang Dynasty become this scene? And what is the reason for the "resurrection" of dry lakes and rivers in northwest China?
Then it's time to uncover the real reason behind it. Let's look back at "resurrection", look at the factors that lead to environmental deterioration, and then answer the reasons for improvement.
First of all, climate change is the primary factor among various natural factors.
Drought and climate change in northwest China are the leading factors that form the basic characteristics of fragile ecological environment in northwest China. The eco-environmental system in northwest China is extremely sensitive to the rapid change of weather and the short-term vibration of climate. Meteorological disasters and their secondary and operational disasters account for 80% of all kinds of natural disasters, which is 10% higher than that of the whole country.
In addition, there are few plant species, low coverage and simple type structure; Due to the influence of topographic conditions, the ecological environment is extremely fragile.
Secondly, there are two reasons about land. One is that it is easy to desertification, and Xinjiang in the northwest has become one of the two major sources of dust and smog in the country. The other is that the soil slope is easy to salinize, which leads to the decline of land quality and fertility; The self-purification ability of the environment is declining. Because of its special geographical location, living inland and being cut off by the surrounding mountains, this vulnerability is aggravated.
Finally, it is man-made destruction. Blind land reclamation, deforestation, overgrazing, agricultural film pollution, the increase of "three wastes", Scientific Outlook on Development failed to implement, and the concept of rule of law was weak. It causes the imbalance of water quantity, water and salt, soil and water, and natural ecology, thus causing the river to cut off and the lake and groundwater level to drop; Land desertification, decline of ecological function, decrease of wild species, increase of air pollution index, etc.
Natural change is uncontrollable, but human behavior can be prohibited. If human eyes are not only interested in profit, but also keep the phrase "no business, no killing" in mind, then nature will give more surprises to human beings, and our home should be protected by ourselves, instead of hurting her with our hands and bringing so many "diseases".
Just as humans are slowly accepting the harsh environment in the northwest, a little splash of 20 16 arouses human hope. In the autumn of 20 16, the water level in Yuan Ye reappeared and the water level kept rising. By 20 17, the flooded area has reached 24 square kilometers, and the continuous lake has spread far away.
In 20 19, it was found that Houhalanol Lake began to flow to the kharrazi of Xiwei Lake, just like a flood gate. You should know that the distance between the two places is 140 km.
These data have greatly increased people's confidence in the northwest. Some experts pointed out that the natural landscape in the prosperous Tang Dynasty of the Western Zhou Dynasty may reappear in the near future, when densely populated areas may move northward again!
Faced with such a situation in the northwest, the state attaches great importance to it, constantly formulates a "rescue plan", and has persistently planted trees for many years to change the status quo. After 30 years, it has finally been transformed into an oasis, and the Kekeya greening project has become a model of desertification control.
Large-scale land greening in Xinjiang keeps the desert firmly out of the oasis, and at the same time expands the green map little by little.
At present, Xinjiang's efforts have made people see the hope of the northwest, not only on the list of national demonstration cities and counties for ecological civilization construction and "two mountains" practice and innovation bases, but also on the list for six times, followed by hundreds of nature reserves, covering seven types.
It is not easy for Xinjiang to lead the northwest and even the whole country on the road of green development. The people's country is also working hard for it, trying to bring the once natural beauty back to people's vision and jointly build a new home.
With the continuous implementation of the policy, the improvement of rural living environment has been further promoted. The popularization rate of village cleaning in Xinjiang has reached 100%, and the appearance of administrative villages has improved significantly. Farmers use toilets at home, and domestic garbage is no longer littered and domestic sewage is no longer flowing around, which is enough to show that the quality of life has been greatly improved.
"The' Thirteenth Five-Year Plan' is the five years in which the quality of the ecological environment in our district has improved the most and the cause of ecological environmental protection has developed the best." Dai, Party Secretary and Deputy Director of the Department of Ecology and Environment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, said. He also said that he will pay close attention to the implementation of various measures to prevent and control air pollution this winter and next spring to ensure the comprehensive completion of various ecological and environmental binding indicators.
According to the data in 2020, all the eco-environmental binding indicators are developing steadily and continuously, and the carbon dioxide emissions are obviously reduced, which is only a small step away from the target requirements and is expected to be completed.
In order to fully control the discharge of water pollutants and fully ensure the safety of water ecological environment, in the past five years, dozens of industrial clusters at or above the autonomous region level that have the conditions to build centralized sewage treatment facilities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have all built centralized sewage treatment facilities, and automatic online monitoring devices have been put in place. All counties and cities in the region have achieved full coverage of urban domestic sewage treatment capacity.
According to the data of the Meteorological Bureau, the warming trend in northwest China is gradually obvious, with an average of 0.3 degrees every decade and soaring to 0.36 degrees in recent decades.
At the same time, the precipitation is increasing, the water level of most lakes is rising, and the runoff of many rivers is increasing. Some barren hills and Gobi have gradually turned into green oases of vegetation, and even the previously arid areas have been flooded due to the increase of precipitation. All these can show that the wetting trend in northwest China is very obvious.
Taking Xinjiang as an example, the average annual precipitation in 2011-2018 years increased by 43.5 mm and 30% compared with the 1960s. Especially in 20 16, the average precipitation in Xinjiang was 247.6 mm, with 50% excess water.
There is also the analysis of experts from the Meteorological Bureau. Zhang Qiang, chief engineer of the Meteorological Bureau, said:
The increase of precipitation in northwest China is not only due to the background of global warming, but also due to the changes of large-scale circulation situation and water vapor transport convergence mechanism that affect the weather in northwest China, making the arid northwest more and more humid and precipitation more and more.
Global warming is mainly caused by carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels. Every country is making relevant policies to control it, but it is because of climate warming that the northwest region has taken on a new look.
The ancient northwest is now bordered by Jiangnan, and the Tang Dynasty is a dynasty that everyone admires. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty slowly weakened. Fate is so wonderful. Since then, the temperature in the northwest has dropped, the climate has gradually turned cold, the north has become dry, rivers have shrunk, oases have disappeared, and the south has been labeled as wet.
Although the situation in the northwest is improving, there are also some problems behind it. For example, climate warming accelerates the melting of glaciers and snow in mountainous areas, leading to a sharp drop in solid water resources and a decrease in the stability of surface runoff. With the climate warming in northwest China, the variability of weather leads to more and more meteorological disasters.
The increase of precipitation also leads to the extreme situation of continuous rainfall or continuous drought in some areas. And these problems, scientists continue to study solutions, everything is inseparable from human power, we need to start with ecological governance, completely change the northwest, and reverse the ecological pattern in the northwest.
I look forward to the northwest returning to the Tang Dynasty, truly turning the desert into an oasis and covering the northwest with green vegetation. Of course, environmental protection in northwest China should be adhered to for a long time.
In view of desertification control, China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources for many years. At present, the expansion of desertification has been successfully curbed, and a historic change from "sand enters people and retreats" to "green enters sand and retreats" has been realized. And some acts that damage the environment should also be prohibited by law to protect the "injured" northwest.