Main pollution problems in building construction and environmental protection measures?
The impact of construction on the environment includes noise, waste water, waste gas and solid waste. In view of these environmental pollution, this paper has formulated specific environmental protection countermeasures and prevention measures, which provides a reference scheme for the construction unit to carry out environmental protection.
With the development of economy and society, construction projects pay more and more attention to the economic benefits of the project, while ignoring social benefits, especially environmental protection; During construction, the construction unit pays attention to the construction quality and progress, but ignores the influence of construction on the life of surrounding residents; Pay attention to the construction quality management, but despise the environmental management of the construction site. With the gradual enhancement of public ecological awareness and the improvement of relevant environmental laws, environmental pollution in building construction has attracted the attention of all walks of life, and environmental protection has become the most important contradiction between construction units and residents. Therefore, solving the environmental pollution in building construction has become the key.
1 Main performance of environmental impact of building construction
1. 1 noise pollution
Noise pollution in building construction mainly comes from construction equipment, such as excavators, rollers, bulldozers, vibrators, etc. However, some construction techniques will also produce noise during operation, such as cutting and processing building materials. In construction, many kinds of equipment often work at the same time, which increases the degree of noise pollution. At present, the noise pollution caused by night construction in order to grab the progress is very common, which seriously affects the rest of residents, and this is also the most important factor for the construction unit to be complained.
1.2 wastewater pollution
The wastewater generated in building construction is mainly the sewage generated in the process of construction technology operation, maintenance water and domestic wastewater of construction workers. In addition, there are two ways to produce sewage: first, problems in water supply and drainage facilities at the construction site lead to leakage, which expands the pollution range of sewage at the construction site; Second, the construction unit did not implement the management system of sewage treatment system, and discharged the sewage generated by construction at will, causing other environmental pollution.
1.3 waste gas pollution
The air pollution caused by dust generated in the construction process is directly related to the air quality of the city, and its sources are: dust generated by earthwork excavation, vehicle access, ground cleaning and throwing buildings. If the construction time is in dry season and windy weather, the waste gas pollution at the construction site will be more serious. In addition, the exhaust gas from construction vehicles and machinery, canteens, heating systems, construction equipment and waste gas from the processing of chemical materials on the construction site all cause certain pollution to the atmospheric environment.
1.4 solid waste pollution
In the process of construction, packaging materials and some construction technologies will produce solid waste, including cement and decorative materials packaging bags, waste building materials, construction waste and waste mud.
1.5 Other pollution
In addition to the above environmental pollution problems, there are other environmental problems, such as light pollution and ecological damage. Light pollution is mainly caused by welding operation in construction and excessive lighting in construction site. Ecological damage is mainly due to improper construction, which leads to a series of ecological damage phenomena.
2 Environmental management and protection countermeasures and preventive measures
2. 1 Environmental management and protection countermeasures
In the construction stage, it is necessary to establish environmental protection management institutions, formulate effective environmental protection countermeasures, track and manage the construction process, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by construction. Specifically, we can start from the following aspects:
(1) Increase investment in environmental protection, purchase environmental protection equipment and facilities, and meet environmental protection requirements from hardware.
(2) Enhance the environmental awareness of construction enterprises, regularly train construction personnel on environmental laws and regulations, and improve their environmental literacy.
(3) Formulate the environmental protection management system, implement the environmental protection responsibility to people, and make the environmental protection work run through the whole construction process.
(4) Establish an environmental protection organization with the project leader as the first responsible person, and improve the importance attached to the work of environmental protection organizations. The work of the environmental protection agency is to take the construction quality and environmental protection of the project as the focus of the project assessment at the same time, and the assessment results are used as the basis for rewards and punishments.
(5) Establish emergency measures for environmental protection on the construction site, and stop the process construction with dust pollution in extreme weather such as strong wind.
2.2 Pollution prevention and control measures
2.2. 1 noise pollution prevention measures
In the construction stage, due to the large number of construction machines, it is also common for many machines to work at the same time, and the noise pollution level is also very high. In view of this situation, it is necessary to control the noise at the construction site according to the Noise Limits at Construction Sites (GB 12523- 1990), and the methods are as follows:
(1) The purpose of building a fence is to reduce the noise level in the process of noise transmission, and a noise reduction safety curtain should be installed at the side close to the protection target in advance.
(2) To control man-made noise, that is, to put forward anti-noise requirements for construction personnel, specifically: no loud noise and knocking on building components; Reduce the noise of construction technology.
(3) Make reasonable arrangements for the construction site, such as arranging the construction equipment with high noise level on the side far away from the protection target as far as possible.
(4) Give priority to the construction equipment with low noise or silencing function, and do a good job in daily maintenance of the construction equipment to prevent the construction equipment from generating noise due to failure. If there is no way to avoid using high-noise construction equipment, try to avoid using high-noise equipment at the same time and build a closed mechanical shed. Vehicles entering and leaving the construction site are required to speed limit and be silent.
(5) Standardize the construction time and try to avoid construction at night. If construction must be carried out at night, the opinions of the competent authorities should be sought first, and then an application should be made to the environmental protection department according to the prescribed procedures, and the nearby residents should be informed in advance, and coordination with the residents should be done well at the same time. Get the understanding of the residents in the disturbed areas. After the application is approved by the environmental protection department, night construction can only be carried out, and the night construction regulations shall be strictly observed, and the construction time shall not be extended. The construction time shall be controlled from 6: 00 am to 6: 00 pm 10.
(6) Pay attention to the change of noise value on the construction site at any time, and adjust noise control measures according to the numerical change on the noise monitor to ensure the effectiveness of noise control.
2.2.2 Air pollution prevention and control measures
(1) Before construction, scientifically calculate earthwork excavation and transportation, reduce the workload of earthwork transportation and reduce the air pollution caused by transportation. Facts have proved that reasonable arrangement of earthwork excavation and transportation can not only improve construction efficiency, but also reduce air pollution.
(2) Improve the transportation route conditions and harden the transportation route. Regularly clean the road surface and sprinkle water to wet the road surface to prevent dust. Cover the earthwork and powder in the construction site to reduce dust.
(3) Strengthen the dust removal of construction equipment.
(4) Strengthen the inspection of the exhaust emissions of transport vehicles, and transport vehicles with excessive exhaust emissions are prohibited from entering. Cover the vehicles that are easy to raise dust. In addition, the transport vehicles themselves should be cleaned to avoid secondary pollution to the construction site caused by the objects carried by the transport vehicles. (5) High-rise buildings should be provided with special passages for garbage removal to prevent garbage from being scattered from the sky to the ground.
(6) Set up a closed dense mesh dustproof net around the building to prevent the construction dust from spreading to the surrounding atmosphere.
(7) Adopting advanced technology and equipment can not only speed up the construction progress, but also reduce pollution. In order to reduce the pollution caused by equipment in use, it is necessary to strengthen the daily maintenance of equipment.
(8) Install smoke and dust removal facilities in tea stoves and large stoves on the construction site, or choose clean new energy sources, such as electricity and liquefied gas, to reduce waste gas emissions.
2.2.3 wastewater pollution prevention and control measures
(1) Open drains and collecting wells shall be set on the construction site to centrally discharge rainwater from the construction site, so as to prevent rainwater from cross-polluting the construction site with construction wastewater and domestic sewage.
(2) Special drainage pipes shall be set for construction wastewater and domestic sewage, which will be discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network after precipitation and purification.
(3) Waste oily sewage cannot be treated together with construction wastewater and domestic sewage, and should be discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network after special degreasing and purification treatment.
2.2.4 Prevention and control measures of solid waste pollution
If the construction solid waste cannot be treated correctly in time, the following situations may occur: 1. In extreme climates such as strong winds, solid waste may float and dust may pollute the atmosphere. 2. After encountering a large amount of precipitation, the construction solid waste will be washed into the water body, resulting in serious water pollution. In order to avoid these situations, we can start from the following aspects:
(1) Bulk solid waste with large volume should be compressed, piled up in a centralized way and covered for protection.
(2) Construction waste and waste building materials shall be cleaned up in time, classified and piled up in designated places, and shall not be discarded at will.
(3) The domestic garbage should be cleaned up in time and piled up in a special garbage collection pool set up on the construction site to prevent the leakage of garbage leachate from causing pollution.
3 Conclusion
Building construction will produce various pollutants and environmental problems. Although the environmental impact is different, we should pay attention to it in a unified way. In the process of construction, construction enterprises should strictly abide by the environmental protection law and formulate scientific and reasonable environmental protection countermeasures and prevention measures in accordance with relevant regulations. At the same time, we should also consider the interests of the public, put an end to excessive pursuit of economic interests and neglect ecological protection, and unify the quality of engineering construction with environmental protection to realize green construction.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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