Yan' an weather history
As the saying goes, big summer and small summer, steamed and eaten.
The weather continues to be hot and humid, which makes people upset and even hurts their breathing.
Under the scorching sun, eggs can be spread on the ground in the east of the city, and the moat in the west of the city has become a hot spring.
People go out as a mobile barbecue grill, bubbling with oil and full of despair, even the pores are shouting:
I really want to make a sci-fi film in which my descendants shot down ten suns!
The human soul becomes timid and wants to live in an air-conditioned room for 24 hours.
Can continue to live, it is no exaggeration to say that our life is given by air conditioning!
Then, in the era without electricity and air conditioning, how did the ancient people who were as hot as dogs escape the heat?
Integral air conditioner
The earliest air conditioners in China appeared around the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, princes and nobles began to use a refrigerator air conditioner called "Bing Jian".
The ice guide is actually a bronze container with two layers inside and outside, which can hold food and fruit, and the outer layer is filled with ice. There are air holes in the cover, which can discharge cold air into the house.
Store grain to cool down, kill two birds with one stone.
Imagine that year, da ji took Zhou Wang's hand, sat next to the ice guide and said charmingly:
Come on, Tie, let's have a glass of ice wine.
A little drink is pleasing to the eye, and a big drink evokes the soul. That feeling must be: refreshing both inside and outside!
Zeng Guofan later wrote a special manual to remember his ancestors, called "Ice Guide".
It's a pity that he digressed when he was writing.
Every winter from 65438+February, the government will specially organize to cut ice, store it in a special ice kiln, and then seal the pit for use next year.
According to Zhou Li, this business belongs to the royal monopoly industry, and managers also have a special name-leader.
The name sounds arrogant, not overbearing, but air conditioning.
Methamphetamine is not only used in court, but also a way of official welfare.
You can get a few pieces of ice in summer, which is much more expensive than sending Hermè s a hand-made limited package now.
Air - conditioned room
Xianyang, Qin Dou, is located in the hinterland of Qinchuan, 800 miles away. Digging holes and kilns is an ancestral technology.
The nobles dug caves, put ice cubes in them and transformed them into air-conditioned rooms, which were scientifically called "bridal chambers".
Every hot summer night, the nobles drink and play Cosplay all night in the cave. You wrap the bear skin, I wrap the tiger skin.
Why, it's still a little too cold for you to lie on the stone bed in a pure and unpretentious Ge You paralysis posture.
The imperial palace in the Han Dynasty also had "air-conditioned rooms" with strong "refrigeration".
"Hanshu" exaggerates: "There is frost in midsummer in the clean room."
Although the emperor's family is "rich and willful", although the air conditioner is cold, it should not be greedy for cold, otherwise it is easy to get sick.
Later, Zhang Zhongjing wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
He doesn't understand why these ruling classes are in such poor health that they catch colds in winter and typhoid fever in summer.
Environmental protection self-help rain pavilion
The Tang Dynasty was the most brilliant dynasty in the history of China.
Which is stronger, environmental protection or refrigeration? Think of Datang as creativity.
At that time, water conservancy facilities were very developed, and people would introduce hot spring water into farmland and plant out-of-season vegetables in winter.
Similarly, the advanced cold water circulation system will be used to build a summer resort-Summer Yu Zi Pavilion.
Craftsmen use mechanical devices to transport cold water to the height of the roof, and then let the water flow down from around the eaves to form a water curtain, thus achieving the effect of artificial rainfall to cool down.
In the hit "The Longest Day in Chang 'an", Li Bi, played by four-character brother Jackson Yi, used a luxurious rain pavilion to find out the boss behind the Mayfly organization.
It is said that it is in this cool hall that Li Bai wrote a poem to Yang Guifei, a beautiful woman who comes once in five thousand years, "The clouds want to dress beautifully, and the spring breeze blows the threshold to reveal wealth".
After Li Bai left Chang 'an, he was obsessed with this comfort and wrote a poem to commemorate it:
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Clouds cover the sun, which means it will rain.
Your Majesty, don't you remember Li Taibai by the rain pavilion?
The ancestor of ice sculpture art is Yang, the brother-in-law of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
In summer, when he invited guests, he carved mountains around the table with large ice cubes, and then carved small ice cubes into animal shapes to decorate around the mountains.
Ingenuity, extravagance and waste are outrageous.
Take hard ice and let workers carve it into the shape of a phoenix or a beast, or decorate it with gold rings and ribbons.
From this point of view, it seems that not only the artists of Harbin Ice Sculpture Festival have to burn incense and kowtow to Shaanxi before the start of construction, but even the decoration project of Christmas seems to belong to Yang Faming.
Nitrate ice making
There is no ice in winter in the south. How can it be cooler in summer?
By the Song Dynasty, gunpowder technology was very mature. Accidentally, saltpeter will absorb a lot of heat when it is dissolved in water, which can cool the surrounding water until it freezes.
As a result, the technology that can make ice all the year round has been produced in a daze.
Food is the most important thing for people, and the prosperity of refrigeration market has also promoted the development of cold drink industry.
Qingming Shanghetu Xiangyinzi Shuibing Branch
Bianjing, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was filled with cold drink stalls on both sides of the street in June of the lunar calendar.
The Song Dynasty was the first dynasty that did not impose a night curfew, and the nightlife was so rich that the night market cold drinks shop even sold until midnight.
There are many kinds of cold drinks, only unexpected and impossible.
"Tokyo Dream" records: ice and snow cold Zi Yuan, ice and snow licorice soup, snow bubble bucket water, cold water litchi paste. ...
Just listening to the name, the mouth is already drunk.
The organization in charge of ice policy in Song Dynasty was called Ice Well Affairs.
No matter how prosperous the market is, ice, like salt and iron business, is firmly in the hands of the government.
According to the custom of nomadic people, the court of the Yuan Dynasty added a lot of milk to the ice to make ice cream cheese similar to ice cream.
In the 3rd century/KLOC-AD, Italian traveler Kyle Poirot came to China and was treated to ice cream by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu.
In order to protect the recipe, Kublai Khan also issued an imperial edict prohibiting people other than the royal family from making ice cream.
But Kyle Poirot secretly brought this technology back to Italy and kept it a secret for 300 years. This secret recipe spread to England, and England invented the ice cream we eat today.
Tribute or plagiarism has always been a controversial topic in the art world. Anyway, it's right not to be surnamed Han.
The Birth of "Central Air Conditioning"
In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ice sculpture developed from bronze to other materials such as wood, which reduced the cost and gradually moved towards the people.
In addition to these monolithic "air conditioners" and ice buckets, our ancestors also invented "central air conditioners".
This way of making use of the right time, the right place and the right people to carry out refrigeration finally allows ordinary people to enjoy the treatment of the royal family.
In some old houses, we can all see a round hole in the ground with a stone cover on it.
These holes connect with deep wells. When the cover is opened, cold air will be conducted from below, and the whole room will be cool and comfortable.
Amin scholar Gao Lian described this in "Eight Chapters of Respect for Life":
"Huo Dou Villa, with seven wells in one hall, is covered with carved flowers. Sitting on it in summer, seven wells are cold and don't know the heat. "
I don't know if I know Mr. Huo Dou, the king of the golden wheel. He is really a serious "deep well ice"!
It is said that this refrigeration method existed when Cao Cao built Yecheng, and it was not widely used until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.
The wheel of history is always turning. How can we measure whether an era is progressing?
It is not the quality of life of the privileged class, but whether the living standards of ordinary people have improved.
air conditioner
18th century is an important turning point in human history. The development of science has promoted the industrial revolution and created countless possibilities for human living space.
1902, willis carrier willis carrier made the first air conditioner in history, which is one of the most outstanding inventions in the 20th century!
This air-conditioned dad is the only great man who can make us kneel and sing conquest willingly.
1924, the first air-conditioned commercial building in China, located at No.64, Yan 'an West Road, Modu Shanghai, which is today's China Welfare Children's Palace.
1937 The Bank of China Building on the Bund 17 has installed the central air conditioner of Carrier Company of the United States.
1954 is a glorious year in the refrigeration history of China. China people finally achieved a zero breakthrough and made their first refrigerator.
1968, Midea Electric was established.
1974, Chunlan developed the first split air conditioner in China.
From 65438 to 0985, Haier produced the first split air conditioner in China.
1998, Haier developed the first DC inverter air conditioner.
In 2005, China's air conditioning energy efficiency standard system was formally implemented.
……
Nowadays, air conditioning has entered thousands of households and become an indispensable standard in our lives.
The man who never forgets to dig wells, the man who must go down in history, and the man who has brought a happy life to billions of people, his own life has not been smooth sailing.
All his energy is devoted to air conditioning research and air conditioning improvement.
He married three wives, and the first two died. Except for the two children brought by the second wife, he was too busy to have children.
The strongest father on the surface has paid countless lives, but he still hasn't lived a good life.
If we do things with the spirit of our father, what can't we do well?
Finally, in the heat, thank our reborn parents again:
Willis carrier, an expert in shooting the sun, the father of air conditioning and the descendant of Jam Hsiao;
There are also the inventors of "air conditioning" in past dynasties. After all, without them, our ancestors might have died of heat.
Typesetting: Qi Ran
Editor in charge: Blue Orange
Internship Editor: Lao Ni
Proofreading: old mud
About the author of the article: mustard seed edge, the old A of firewood cutting academy, a good young man of the times with five senses better than three views.