How to judge the weather from the shape of clouds?

For thousands of years, the working people in our country have summed up the rich experience of "knowing the sky by observing the clouds" according to the changes in the shape, direction, moving speed, thickness and color of clouds in production practice, and compiled these experiences into proverbs. Here, we have summarized these proverbs about "knowing the weather from the clouds", and interested friends may wish to pay attention to some observations and comparisons. "There are cloud hooks in the sky and rain in the ground": Hook clouds are called hook clouds in meteorology, which generally appear in front of warm front and low pressure, indicating that front or low pressure is coming, which is a harbinger of rain. But after rain or winter, there will be sunny days or frost, so there is a proverb that "the hook cloud dissipates, the sunny day is dry" and "the winter hook cloud dries up" "battery cloud, rain": battery cloud refers to fort-shaped altocumulus or fort-shaped stratocumulus, which mostly appears in front of the trough of low pressure, indicating that the air is unstable, and thunderstorms usually come every 8 ~ 10 hours. "Clouds pass through clouds, and it rains": Clouds pass through clouds, which means that the moving directions of the upper and lower clouds are inconsistent, that is to say, the height and wind direction of clouds are inconsistent, which often occurs near the front or low pressure, so it indicates rain, and sometimes the wind direction of clouds is opposite to the ground, so there is a saying that "the sky changes when the clouds go against the wind". "The river pig crosses the river with heavy rain": The river pig refers to the broken rain clouds under nimbostratus. The appearance of this cloud indicates that there is enough water vapor in nimbostratus, and a rainstorm is coming. Sometimes broken rain clouds will be blown to cloudless places by strong winds on sunny days, and at night, clouds like river pigs will be seen floating across the "Galaxy", which is also a precursor to rain. "Cotton cloud, rain is coming": Cotton cloud refers to flocculent cumulus clouds. The appearance of this cloud shows that the middle atmosphere is very unstable. If there is enough water vapor in the air and there is upward movement, cumulonimbus clouds will form and there will be thunderstorms. "Gray cloth hangs over the sky, and the rain will continue": Gray cloth cloud refers to nimbostratus, which is mostly formed by the reduction and thickening of high-level clouds. The range is very large and thick, and there is enough water vapor in the cloud, which often produces continuous precipitation. "Cloud to the east, chariots and horses to; The clouds go south and the water rises; Clouds to the west, covered with hemp fiber; Clouds going north are good for drying wheat ":according to the moving direction of clouds, it is predicted that the weather will be fine, and the clouds will move east and north, indicating that the weather will be fine;" "The clouds move west and south, which indicates that it's going to rain. The moving direction of a cloud usually indicates the wind direction at its height. This proverb describes the distribution of clouds in different parts of low pressure. It is suitable for low-altitude fast-moving clouds that are densely covered all day. " Dark clouds catch the sunset, not today, but tomorrow ":When the sun goes down, a wall-like dark cloud rises under the western horizon to catch the sun, indicating that the dark clouds are moving eastward, and the rainy weather in the west is moving and it is going to rain. Generally speaking, if there are clouds, it will rain that night; If you catch the high clouds, it will rain the next day. But if the dark clouds in the west are lumpy or incoherent, or some areas are cloudy, it is not a sign of rain in the future. "The sky in the northwest is unlocked, bright and bright, and the sun is high": it means that on rainy days, the clouds in the northwest direction crack and reveal a blue sky, which is called "unlocking the sky". This shows that the local area is already at the back of the rainy weather system. As the rainfall system moves eastward, the local rainfall will stop and the weather will improve. "Now the sun is shining, but I haven't seen it for three days": In spring and summer, at noon on rainy days, the clouds split and the sun appeared, but the clouds quickly gathered and became thicker, indicating that the local area was affected by the quasi-static front, and the airflow near the quasi-static front was strong and changeable. When the updraft is strengthened, the clouds become thicker and the rainfall increases; When the updraft weakens, the clouds become thinner and the rainfall decreases or stops; Around noon, the sun shines strongly, the upper part of the cloud is heated and evaporated, or the updraft below the cloud weakens, and the zenith cloud will split. As the solar radiation weakens or the updraft under the cloud strengthens, the split clouds gather again and become thicker. So "the sun appears now" often indicates that it will continue to rain. This proverb is similar to other proverbs, such as "The sun smiles, the temple is drenched" and "The Yi Deng shines, and it falls ten feet." Carp point in the sky, you don't need to turn over the grain in the sun tomorrow "(Wayun, it will make people sunburn): Carp point refers to translucent cumulus clouds, and the air mass that produces this cloud is stable. In the evening, when it encounters downdraft, the clouds quickly dissipate, and the next day is sunny. However, if the cloud looks like a tiny fish scale, it is cirrocumulus. This kind of cloud mostly appears in front of the trough of low pressure or around the typhoon, and there will be wind or rain in the near future. Therefore, there is a proverb "It doesn't rain, but it's windy". Clouds to the east, blowing gusts; Clouds go west, covered with hemp fiber ":The cloud here refers to the low cloud in the low-pressure area. The low pressure is from west to east (in fact, it often moves from southwest to northeast). The cloud goes west, indicating that this place is in front of the low pressure, because it will rain locally; The cloud is moving eastward, indicating that the low pressure has moved past the local area, and the local area is behind the low pressure. The weather is going to clear up, and a strong wind often blows before it clears up. "Where the cloud hook goes, where the wind comes from": Cloud hook refers to the tail of the hooked cloud, which appears in the sky, and sometimes there are small hooks at the top, arranged in rows. The upper hook refers to the direction of the high-altitude wind, which is often connected with the ground, so the direction of the cloud hook can generally tell the direction of the wind. "Dark clouds cover the morning, but the wind will come even if it doesn't rain": It means that there are dark clouds covering the sun in the southeast in the morning, which indicates rain. Because the warm and humid southeast wind blows in the morning, the temperature is higher than the local air, which causes the upper part to be cold and the lower part to be hot, and the water vapor easily rises into clouds. In addition, during the day, the ground is heated, and the air convection rises, which further promotes the cloud to rise, and when it meets cold water vapor, it turns into water droplets, which may make the weather more rainy in windless "Huang Yun is going to lay ice eggs": Huang Yun is mostly caused by the strong rise of warm and humid airflow. In this case, there are many showers and hail. "It will rain heavily when wearing a hat on a mountain": Wearing a hat on a mountain means that the air pressure is low, and most of the water vapor in the air forms clouds at the top of the mountain. As for whether it will rain, it generally depends. If the clouds gradually decrease and thicken, there is a great possibility of rain. On the contrary, if the clouds gradually rise and thin, the possibility of rain is small. "Clouds eat under fog, and fog eats clear clouds": After seeing fog, clouds come, and maybe low pressure comes, which is a sign of rain. On the contrary, if the clouds clear, it means that the low pressure has passed and sunny weather is coming. "Sunset shines at the foot, and the rain falls within three days": it means that the sun shines down from the cloud gap, which is called "the sun shines at the foot". The sun shining at the foot appears in the evening, indicating strong convection and rain. "Don't go out in the morning, travel thousands of miles in the evening": there are no clouds in the east and clouds in the west in the morning. Sunlight shines on the clouds and scatters rosy clouds, indicating that there is a lot of water vapor in the air or a rainfall system moves in. During the day, the air is generally unstable and the weather will turn rainy. If there is a sunset glow in the evening, it means that the sky in the west has cleared up, and the general convection is weakened at night. The clouds in the east that form the rosy clouds will move eastward or tend to dissipate, saying that it will be fine tomorrow. "Long sunny, foggy, cloudy, long cloudy, foggy and sunny": refers to the appearance of fog after long sunny, indicating that the warm and humid airflow moves and the air is humid, which is a sign of cloudy and rainy; Fog appears after a long period of cloudy days, indicating that the clouds in the sky become thinner, split and dissipate, and the ground temperature drops, so that water vapor condenses into radiation fog. When the fog disappears after sunrise, there will be sunny days. In the morning of warm season, if castle clouds appear on the horizon, it means that the wet air layer at this height is already very unstable. At noon, once the low-level convection develops, the upper and lower unstable layers will merge, resulting in strong convective movement, cumulonimbus clouds and thunderstorms. So there is a proverb "pagoda clouds in the morning, and it rains cats and dogs in the afternoon". In addition, clouds with weather omen often have certain continuity, seasonality and locality in the evolution process. Clouds in the sky move from a distance in the order of cirrus, cirrostratus, stratosphere and nimbostratus, and gradually change from less to more, from high to low, from thin to thick, indicating that rainy weather is coming; On the contrary, if the clouds change from low to high, from thick to thin, and from layered clouds to scattered clouds, there will be no rainy weather. In the morning of warm season, if there are isolated clouds (light cumulus clouds) with flat bottom and convex top in the sky, or white broken clouds (broken cumulus clouds) with fast moving speed, it indicates that the air in the middle and lower layers is relatively stable and the weather is fine. In addition, the color of clouds can also indicate some kind of weather. For example, the color of hail cloud is first white and then black, and then red appears in the cloud, forming a white, black and red distorted cloud with khaki edges. Black is caused by the sun's inability to penetrate clouds; White is the result of non-selective scattering or reflection of sunlight by clouds; Red and yellow are the phenomena that some cloud droplets (ranging from one thousandth to one hundredth of a millimeter in diameter) in the cloud selectively scatter sunlight. Sometimes rain clouds are pale yellow, but the color of the clouds is uniform and will not stir. There are also many proverbs that predict hail from the color and shape of clouds. For example, there is a proverb in Inner Mongolia, such as "I am not afraid of the darkness in the clouds, but I am afraid of the dark red in the clouds, and I am most afraid of the white worms in Huang Yun". In Shaanxi, there is "Huang Yun turned over and hail; Stir clouds and hail in groups; There are proverbs such as "When clouds fight, it will hail" and "The dark clouds in Huang Yun are red, the clouds toss and turn, and there are many hail disasters". There are also some sayings, such as "the dark clouds roll into a ball in the afternoon, and the wind, rain and hail come together", "The sky is yellow and sultry, and the Tianhe water growls to prevent ice eggs", all of which show that when the air convection is strong, the clouds develop rapidly, like smoke, and the clouds roll up and down, which is easy to hail.