How to grow garlic
1, planted early
Soil preparation: The depth of ploughing is generally about 20cm. It should be carefully ploughed, raked and compacted, and there should be no obvious chopping, so as to achieve "neat, loose, broken and clean". According to the water source, the boundary length can be determined, which can be 80 ~ 100 m long and 4.2 ~ 4.4 m wide; You can also make a cup 40 ~ 50m long and 4.2 ~ 4.4m wide. ..
Seed selection: manually peel the petals, remove the tray and stem of garlic, and classify according to large, medium, small and garlic heart. The seed selection requirements of garlic cloves are pure white without red tendons, scars, saccharification and smooth skin, depending on the specific situation. This principle requires that each capsule weighs about 5g. Seed size is the key to high yield.
Sow in time: garlic should be sowed in time. The planting time is at the end of September and the beginning of autumn equinox (65438+1early October), and the temperature is about 17℃. 1 ~ 2 days Sun garlic cloves before sowing.
Reasonable close planting: generally, the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 16 ~ 17 cm, and there are about 20,000 plants per 6.67m2.. The method is to ditch with a rake or a ditcher. The depth of this ditch is about 5 cm. After planting, cover garlic with soil about 1cm. Remember to water when planting.
2. Tian Tuan management
Irrigation: Garlic needs a lot of water, and it usually needs to be watered four times during the whole growing period.
(1) Plastic film mulching and watering: garlic should be watered in time after sowing, so that no one plant leaks, and every 667 square meters should be watered 100 cubic meters. This kind of water not only meets the needs of garlic planting, but also provides convenience for plastic film mulching.
(2) Strong seedling water: Generally, it should be watered in early April or when the ground temperature is above 15℃.
(3) Moss water: water the garlic moss as soon as it comes out.
(4) water expansion: after pulling out the garlic moss, pour this water.
Plastic film mulching: Plastic film mulching is the key to increase garlic yield, which can increase ground temperature, decompose organic matter quickly, reduce water evaporation and meet garlic's environmental needs. After pouring the film-covering water, the ground still sinks slightly, so use a film-covering machine or manual method to cover the film. Either way, the plastic film should be tightened and pressed firmly on both sides to prevent the plastic film from being opened when there is strong wind in autumn and winter.
Release seedlings: garlic buds just broke through the ground, and the mulch film was punctured in time to expose the seedlings. Generally, when the temperature is low in the morning or evening and the mulch film is elastic, pat the mulch film with a new broom or shovel it lightly with a bamboo rake.
Artificial weeding: during the garlic growing period, the temperature is relatively low, and the harm of weeds is mainly after the Spring Festival. Because it is covered with plastic film, it is necessary to weed manually. The method is to use thick iron bars or 8mm steel bars to fold the "7"-shaped ditch, break the membrane and eradicate the grass seedlings.
Pull garlic moss: The best time to pull garlic moss is when the upper part of garlic moss bends from bottom to top. The method is to gently lift it by hand every day 1 1 until 3 pm.
Step 3 apply fertilizer
The fertilization principle of green food garlic is organic fertilizer, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer is applied in the formula; Base fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing.
Base fertilizer: 5,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure (fully decomposed manure, compost and cake fertilizer), 20 kg of urea and 0/0 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc were applied every 667 square meters in late September. Ask for leveling and then dig deep into cultivated land.
Topdressing: in the first ten days of April of the following year, with strong seedling water, apply urea 10kg of quick-acting fertilizer every 667 square meters. In mid-April, 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in 50 kg of water and sprayed every 667 square meters.
4. Harvest and storage
Harvest: Garlic harvest season is generally in the middle and late May, around Xiaoman. When the garlic leaves turn yellow and the garlic cloves stand out, it can be harvested. When harvesting, use a special tool-garlic seeds, which will not break or hurt. Garlic should be aired in time after harvest, so that it can be completely dried, and exposure and saccharification should be prevented.
The usual practice is to cover the garlic leaves, dry the garlic in the field 10h, then cut off the garlic whiskers (when cutting, they must be flat and clean, so as not to damage the garlic body), and put them in a ventilated place to continue drying. When the garlic shoots are 80% to 90% dry, cut the garlic shoots into 2cm, bag them, and put them in a ventilated place to continue drying, but not directly in the sun. After harvesting garlic, remove the residual plastic film in time.
Grading: Dry garlic should be graded according to its size and quality. According to the specifications, green food garlic can be divided into super garlic (transverse warpage ≥70mm, stalk length ≤ 15mm), first-grade garlic (transverse warpage ≥60mm, stalk length ≤ 15mm) and second-grade garlic (transverse warpage ≥50mm, stalk length ≤15) 50mm, stem length ≤15 mm =; According to the appearance quality, it is divided into first-class, second-class and third-class products.
Packaging: Green food garlic should be packaged separately according to specifications, with the same unit weight and size. The packing box or bag should be neat, dry, breathable, pollution-free and odor-free. The logo design of green food should be standardized, and the name, variety, net content, origin, distribution unit and packaging date should be marked on the package.
Storage and transportation: the storage area of green food garlic should be clearly marked and stored in a special constant temperature warehouse. It is forbidden to mix non-green food with green food. Green food should be transported by special means of transport, and cleaned according to regulations before loading to ensure that garlic products will not be polluted during transportation.
Extended data
1, morphological characteristics: perennial herbs
Roots: shallow-rooted crops, rootless. Hair roots are around the shortened stem, with the most on the outside and less on the inside. The longest root can reach more than 50 cm, but the main root groups are distributed in the soil layer of 5-25 cm, with a lateral range of 30 cm. The number of adult hair roots is 70- 1 10.
Stems: Bulbs are large, with 6 ~ 10 petals, covered by off-white or lavender membranous pulp sheets. The leaves are basal, solid, flat, linear-lanceolate, about 2.5 cm wide, and the base is sheath-shaped. Flowering stems erect, about 60 cm high.
Leaves: including leaf body and leaf sheath. The leaf sheath is tubular, folded before leaf spreading, flat and long after leaf spreading, and parallel veins. Leaves alternate, the leaf order is 1/2, and they are symmetrically arranged. Leaf sheaths are nested with each other to form pseudostems, which have the functions of support and nutrient transportation.
Flowers and seeds: Buddha shovel beak is long, umbel is 7 ~ 10 cm long, small and dense, with 1 ~ 3 bracts, 8 ~ 10 cm long, membranous, with light green florets mixed with reddish beads, 4 mm long, or completely beadless; The flower stalk is thin and longer than the flower;
Perianth 6, pink, elliptic-lanceolate; Stamens 6, white, anthers prominent; Pistil 1, prominent style, white, superior ovary, oblong, concave apex, 3-loculed. Capsule, split in 1 room. The seeds are black. Flowers bloom in summer.
2. Growing habits
Temperature: I like cool, and the suitable temperature is -5-26℃. The 4-5 leaf stage of garlic seedlings has the strongest cold tolerance, which is the most suitable winter in Miao Ling.
Illumination: Garlic that has completed spring flowers begins to differentiate into flower buds and scale buds under the conditions of long sunshine and high temperature of 1.3 hours or more, which is only suitable for the growth of stems and leaves in short sunshine and cold environment.
Humidity: I like humidity and am afraid of drought.
Soil and nutrition: the requirements for soil are not strict, but fertile loam with rich organic matter, loose air permeability and strong water retention and drainage performance is more suitable.
Baidu encyclopedia-garlic