I would like to ask how cold Europe is. Can it freeze to death without Russian natural gas?

Many people don't know the situation. What is civil use? Just bear it. The key is industry, not alarmism. This wave is estimated to be a sign of permanent deindustrialization in Europe. Those who have done business, especially those related to natural gas, will know what the concept is. It's like a person on a ventilator and someone extubates you. This is fatal. If you are out of breath, you won't freeze to death. There are other ways to think about it, such as burning wood, burning coal and so on. If your industry is flat, it's

fatal. Is it possible that your industry also burns wood? Or turn back to burning coal?

to tell the truth, the United States supports Ukraine's words more than actions, and people in old Europe are true and sincere.

with life support, for example, German industries, including automobiles, aluminum, glass, chemicals, construction and other industries all need natural gas, which are almost all pillar industries in Germany

.

I don't know much about others, but in the glass industry, the furnace for melting glass needs to work 24 hours a day, and once it is cooled, it will lead to

damage to production facilities. This also means that once the supply of natural gas as an energy source stops, the whole factory must stop operating and bear the losses. In order to ensure that the production facilities will not be irreversibly damaged, the factory must have 7% of the maximum flow of natural gas. ?

1. There is no one in the glass industry who doesn't know Schott, Germany. Schott is an oligopoly manufacturer of medium borosilicate glass, and medium borosilicate glass and high borosilicate glass are widely used in pharmaceutical industry as containers for medicines and vaccines. Schott's market share of vaccine glass bottles in the world can reach 5%, and Schott's largest production base in the world is in Mainz, Germany.

BASF, a leading chemical company, has more than 6 manufacturers in Germany, of which the largest chemical plant is located in ludwigshafen. The total natural gas demand of this

plant accounts for about 4% in Germany. One factory accounts for 4%. What do you think about the impact of gas stoppage and soaring natural gas prices on it?

that means dying of old age.

BASF has been using Russian natural gas to generate electricity for many years to manufacture toothpaste, medicines and automobiles. However, the company's table

shows that the reduction of Russian natural gas supply is threatening its huge chemical comprehensive base. The Wall Street Journal quoted Peter Westheide, a senior economist at BASF, as saying, "It will be an arduous task to reduce production in this factory. We have never faced such a situation before, and it is hard to imagine."

this comprehensive chemical production base in ludwigshafen covers an area of about 1 square kilometers and has about 2 factories. The total demand for natural gas

accounts for about 4% of Germany.

2. About 6% of the fuel used in this base is used for power generation, and the remaining 4% is used as raw materials for the production of chemical products (including ammonia and acetylene). According to the report, BASF estimated that if the natural gas supply remained above 5% of the maximum demand of the ludwigshafen base, they could

continue to operate by reducing consumption and using substitutes. If the natural gas supply is significantly lower than this level for a long time, the factory will have to stop production.

Some things may not have much impact in a short time. Should Schott consider gas supply stability and energy prices in the long run?

it is a high probability problem to estimate the center of gravity of subsequent transfer production. Short's factory in Zhejiang, China can consider expanding production.

. People can freeze to death in winter in Europe. Because Europe is not a paradise on earth, and poverty and the gap between the rich and the poor have not been eliminated, the homeless and vagrants who are hungry, cold and naked in winter will still die of low temperature. But this has nothing to do with Russian gas

, and such a tragedy will also occur when there is Russian gas. Of course, this is a social problem, not the weather or climate. All countries with winter have such social problems to some extent, and European countries are no exception.

3. That is to say, Europe, whether north or south, is much warmer in winter than domestic cities at the same latitude. But as for the need to turn on the heating, Norwegians and Spaniards may not agree.

Germany is not Europe, and Europe is not Germany.

Next, Germany, the European "shoulder-bearer" that everyone likes to see, will appear.

If Europe is mentioned but Germany is not mentioned, many respondents, including the topic owner, will definitely disagree. So let's take a look at the temperature data of major cities in Germany

.

because the geographical area of Germany is relatively large in Europe, let's take a look at the data of five German cities in the southeast and northwest.

if compared with the winter data of German cities in the previous part, the winter data of German cities are near the north and south of Qin-Huai line, and this temperature

is between safe heating and uneasy heating.

Of course, people are different in their sensitivity to temperature, and wind and humidity will change people's somatosensory temperature, so this

can only be a pure numerical comparison.

But just from these figures, freezing to death is basically impossible in Germany at least. ?

Fourth, Europe further north definitely needs heating. Even in Spain, there are differences between the east, the west, the north and the south.

The next part is more popular with the respondents.

Because you are asking about Europe, Germany alone is definitely not enough, so please provide a Spanish data for your reference.

On other issues, I have briefly introduced the geographical distribution of Spain, including outlying islands, enclaves and the mainland. Instead of discussing two enclaves (Ceuta and Melilla) and two outlying islands (Gran Canaria and Balearic Islands), we will only talk about the Iberian Peninsula where Spain is located.

similarly, we choose five cities on the peninsula.

Indeed, according to the data of three capitals in eastern Europe, the hinterland of Europe, far away from the Atlantic warm current, is still colder than its partner city in the west

. The temperature in Minsk is even similar to that in Meigang in the Arctic Circle, while it is even colder in Moscow, with the average lowest temperature in winter reaching < P > 6.5 degrees below zero.

But a domestic city that is almost as cold as Moscow, for example, Tangshan. The average daily temperature and average low temperature in winter in the two cities are not always close, but Tangshan, which is closer to the sea, is slightly colder.

Fifth, air conditioners were widely used in Chinese mainland in the 199s, and the integrated cooling and heating machine should be later. But in any case, the popularity of heating system in Europe is definitely higher than that in the south of China where electric blankets and (cold) warm air conditioners were used in the same period.

Now the heating system in Europe is not as perfect as that in China, but at least it is definitely better than that in Europe in the previous period.

As for the central heating system in northern China and the heating system in Europe, it is not easy to compare because there is no information, so we can only get a perceptual understanding: with the strengthening of national strength, we should be able to reach the level of Europe now.