What are the meteorological disasters in China?
What are the meteorological disasters? What are the meteorological disasters? -
China Meteorological Disaster Type Drought is the main meteorological disaster in China.
In some areas, although there are certain moisture conditions and even abundant precipitation, which can meet the needs of a large number of people and economy, if the precipitation is abnormally low for a long period of time (months or even years), it will not be enough to maintain the people's living and production needs in this area, resulting in economic losses and even death. This is the so-called drought event. Drought is widely distributed, not only in rainy areas but also in semi-arid areas.
Drought is the largest meteorological disaster in China, with the widest and most serious impact. Drought is widely distributed in China, but the degree is different.
Relatively speaking, droughts are most frequent in North China, Loess Plateau, Hexi Corridor and Sichuan Basin. Drought will also cause some secondary disasters, such as forest and grassland fires and pests and diseases in agricultural and forestry disasters; Soil desertification in geological disasters.
Rainstorm is one of the main meteorological disasters in China. In ancient books of China, continuous rainstorm is usually recorded as "rain" and "rain".
"Intermittent rain is like a note" and "continuous rain" is a continuous rainstorm. Rainstorm is one of the meteorological disasters. It is a large amount of accumulated water caused by long-term precipitation or instantaneous heavy precipitation (such as rainstorm, heavy rainstorm), which leads to flash floods, river flooding and waterlogging, resulting in crop failure or failure, traffic and communication obstruction, shipwreck, human and animal diseases and casualties. This kind of disaster is called rainstorm.
China is one of the countries with more rainstorms in the world, with concentrated rainfall and high intensity. Especially in northern China, rainfall often reaches or exceeds the annual average rainfall within a few days.
China has a vast territory and complex terrain, and most areas belong to a typical monsoon climate, so the distribution of rain and waterlogging has obvious regionality and timeliness. Rain and waterlogging mainly affect the eastern and southern regions of China, especially the east of Daxing 'anling-Taihang Mountain-Wuling Mountain.
There is little rain in the west of China, and only Sichuan is a rainy and waterlogged area. The temporal distribution characteristics of rain and waterlogging in China are early in the south and late in the north.
The secondary disasters of rain and waterlogging are: pests and diseases in agricultural and forestry disasters; Collapse, landslide and debris flow in geological disasters; Flood, waterlogging, huge waves and storm surges in hydrological disasters. ◆ Tropical cyclone is one of the major meteorological disasters in China.
It is a cyclonic vortex that occurs in tropical or subtropical oceans. Because of different regions, the names are different.
Typhoons occur in the Pacific Northwest and the South China Sea. Hurricanes occur in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Tropical storms occur in the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. Australia calls tropical cyclones "strength, strength". According to the regulations of China Meteorological Bureau, China renamed "Typhoon" as "Tropical Cyclone".
Although tropical cyclones have different names in different places, they do the same harm. It is not only human life and property and huge wind speed, but also its huge waves, heavy rains and storm surges are extremely destructive, so it is a very destructive weather system.
There are about 60 tropical storms (including typhoons and hurricanes) around the world every year, of which about 76% occur in the northern hemisphere. China is one of the few countries most seriously affected by tropical cyclones in the world. On average, there are about 7 tropical cyclones landing in China every year, which mainly affect Wuyi Mountain, east of Taihang Mountain, especially the southeast coast and sea area.
Typhoon was called "hurricane" in ancient China. It is the main source of precipitation, wind disaster, tidal disaster and flood in the coastal areas of China.
Therefore, tropical cyclones have both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, tropical cyclone process can bring abundant precipitation and alleviate local drought.
On the one hand, there are many secondary disasters caused by tropical cyclones, such as collapse, landslide and debris flow in geological disasters; Flood, waterlogging, huge waves and storm surges in hydrological disasters. ◆ Cold wave and freezing disaster Cold wave: It is one of the major meteorological disasters in China.
It is a strong cold air accumulated in high latitudes, which quickly invaded China southward, causing a wide range of severe cooling, accompanied by strong winds, rain and snow, freezing and other disasters. This weather process is called cold wave or strong cold air.
Cold wave is the main meteorological disaster affecting China, which lasts from September to May of the following year, and the severe seasons are spring and autumn. Freezing disaster: when the temperature drops abnormally, it often causes human and animal casualties, and many objects are deformed and broken, which leads to some accidents, resulting in human and animal casualties and economic losses. This phenomenon is called freezing disaster.
Freezing injury is also one of the main meteorological disasters in China. Can be divided into cold damage and freezing damage ┄ freezing damage: refers to the near-surface air temperature from 0? Above c suddenly dropped to 0? The average minimum temperature is lower than C, or it is lower than the multi-year average for a long time in winter or early spring, resulting in animal and plant casualties and economic losses.
Freezing injury includes snow (snowstorm, white disaster), freezing rain (rain), freezing injury, ice accumulation and freezing injury. ┄ chilling injury: refers to the environmental temperature of crops that is lower than that required for their growth and development (but still at 0? C or above), resulting in delayed crop growth and reduced agricultural production.
Cold damage includes low temperature damage, late spring cold, cold dew wind and so on. The characteristics of freezing disasters in China are: wide range, strong seasonality and time period, and strong regionality.
There are mainly low temperature and continuous rain in spring in the south, which is also called "late spring cold"; Cold damage in northeast summer; The cold damage in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and before and after the cold dew in the south is also called "cold dew wind". The secondary disasters caused by freezing include crops and forest diseases in agricultural and forestry disasters; Water pollution in hydrological disasters; Desertification in geological disasters.
The wind and hail disaster is one of the main meteorological disasters in China. Refers to disasters caused by strong convective weather such as hail, thunderstorm, strong wind, tornado and thunderstorm.
This kind of disaster is easy to cause flash floods, traffic communication obstruction, human and animal casualties, traffic accidents, disasters and fires. Wind disaster is characterized by the sudden appearance of storm or hail, which comes quickly, destroys for a short time, has little impact (some people call it local storm), but has great destructive power.
There are three main types of disasters caused by wind disasters: first, wind disasters (including thunderstorms, strong winds and tornadoes); The second is hail disaster; The third is rainstorm and flood. When disasters happen, they often happen, but the main reasons for disasters are different, sometimes the three are equally important, and sometimes both or one kind of disasters dominate.
Except drought, rainstorm, flood, tropical cyclone and freezing.
What are the main meteorological disasters in China, mainly divided into
What are the main meteorological disasters in China?
The most common and serious meteorological disasters in China are drought, rainstorm and flood, cold wave and typhoon.
1 typhoon
Disaster characteristics: strong winds, heavy rains and storm surges are easy to cause floods.
Temporal and spatial distribution: summer and autumn are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas, and inland areas are also affected to some extent.
2. Rainstorms and floods
Disaster characteristics: continuous rainstorm, short-term rainstorm, quick arrival, concentrated rainfall, rapid water level rise and large water accumulation area; There are many in the east and few in the west; There are many coastal areas and few inland areas; There are many lakes in the plain and few mountains in the plateau.
Temporal and spatial distribution: In summer, there are heavy rains and torrential rains in the south and east, except in the western desert area.
3. Drought
Disaster characteristics: lack of water vapor in the atmosphere, water shortage on the surface and serious drought and water shortage on the land; Drought occurs frequently, lasts for a long time and affects a wide range in China.
Temporal and spatial distribution: it is widely distributed in spring and summer, mainly in northwest, north China and northeast China.
4. Cold wave
Disaster characteristics: the temperature drop is large and wide, accompanied by strong wind, rain and snow, freezing damage and other phenomena.
Spatio-temporal distribution: Winter affects a large area, including northwest, north and northeast (except Qinghai-Tibet, southern Yunnan, Hainan and Taiwan Province Province).
What are the main meteorological disasters?
The main meteorological disasters are:
1, rainstorm: flash floods, river flooding and urban water accumulation;
2. Rain and waterlogging: waterlogging;
3. Drought: drought in agriculture, forestry and grassland, and water shortage in industry, cities and rural areas;
4. Dry-hot wind: dry-hot wind and foehn wind;
5, high temperature, heat wave: heat and high temperature, human diseases, burns, crop maturity;
6. Tropical cyclones: gale, rainstorm and flood;
7. Cold damage: strong cooling and low temperature cause damage to crops, livestock and fruit trees;
8. Freezing injury: frost, freezing injury of crops and livestock, freezing injury of water pipes and oil pipes;
9. Freezing rain: wires, branches and roads are frozen;
10, icing: rivers, lakes and seas freeze, and roads freeze after rain and snow;
1 1, snow damage: snowstorm, snow;
12, Hail disaster: destroying crops and houses;
13. Wind disaster: falling trees, reversing houses, reversing cars and reversing boats;
14, tornado: local destructive disaster;
15, lightning: lightning casualties;
16, continuous rain (obscene rain): it is not conducive to crop growth and development, grain mildew, etc.
17, dense fog: human diseases, traffic jams;
18, low-altitude windshear: aviation accident;
19, Acid Rain: Crops and Other Victims.
Meteorological disaster refers to the direct or indirect damage caused by the atmosphere to human life and property, national economic construction and national defense construction. It is one of the major natural disasters. Generally, it includes weather and climate disasters and meteorological secondary and derivative disasters. Meteorological disasters are the most frequent and serious natural disasters. China is one of the few countries with frequent natural disasters in the world. There are many kinds of disasters and the losses are very serious.
Features:
There are many kinds. Other disasters mainly include rainstorm and flood, drought, tropical cyclone, frost and low temperature, wind and hail, continuous rain and fog, sandstorm and so on. It can reach dozens or even hundreds.
② Wide range, and meteorological disasters can occur all year round; Whether in mountainous areas, plains, plateaus, islands, rivers, lakes, oceans and air, meteorological disasters are everywhere.
③ High frequency.
(4) Long duration. "The same disaster often happens season after season, year after year.
(5) Group emergencies. Some disasters often occur in many areas at the same time, such as thunderstorms, hail, strong winds, tornadoes and other strong convective weather, which often appear in groups in March and May every year.
⑥ The chain reaction is significant. Weather and climate conditions often trigger or aggravate natural disasters such as floods, mudslides, pests and diseases, and have a chain reaction.
⑦ The disaster is serious. According to 1947- 1980 published by the United Nations, the number of deaths caused by natural disasters in the world is 12 13000, of which 6 1% is caused by meteorological disasters.
What are the types of meteorological natural disasters?
Drought and flood are the most common and serious meteorological disasters in rural areas.
The anomaly of water element is the root cause of drought and flood. Too much precipitation or too much guest water can form floods, and too little precipitation or reduced water can form droughts. Floods not only reduce or even eliminate crops, but also often destroy houses and rural facilities, which is the biggest threat to farmers' lives and property.
Drought not only leads to crop yield reduction or crop failure, but also often leads to drinking water difficulties for people and animals, and even loss of living conditions. The wind disasters that cause floods include rainstorm, flash floods, river breaches, reservoir dam breaks, ice floods in winter and spring, and waterlogging caused by continuous rain. Low-lying land, poor drainage, improper village location (in low-lying areas or by rivers), lack of flood control facilities or disrepair may all increase the risk of waterlogging.
Persistent scarcity of precipitation, strong evaporation, sandstorm, poor soil water retention capacity, soil erosion, etc. Will aggravate the drought. Too much water intake in the upstream will aggravate the water shortage and drought in the middle and lower reaches, and excessive exploitation of groundwater will lead to the continuous decline or even depletion of water level.
What are the types of natural disasters?
Natural disasters refer to natural phenomena that endanger human survival or destroy human living environment, including drought, high temperature, low temperature, cold wave, flood, waterlogging, mountain torrents, typhoons, tornadoes, fire tornadoes, hail, wind hail, frost, rainstorm, blizzard, freezing rain, acid rain, fog, strong wind, icing, haze, smoke, floating dust, sand blowing and sandstorm.
Extended data
The process of natural disasters is long and short, slow and urgent.
1, sudden natural disasters:
(1) When the change of disaster-causing factors exceeds a certain intensity, it will show disaster behavior in a few days, hours or even minutes and seconds, such as volcanic eruption, earthquake, flood, hurricane, storm surge, hail, snowstorm and rainstorm. This kind of disaster is called sudden natural disaster.
(2) Drought, crop and forest diseases, insect pests, grass damage, etc. Although it usually takes several months to cause disasters, the formation and end of disasters are relatively fast and obvious, so they are also included in sudden natural disasters.
2. Delayed natural disasters: Natural disasters gradually appear under the condition of long-term development of disaster-causing factors, such as land desertification, soil erosion and environmental degradation. This kind of disaster usually takes several years or more to form, so it is called slow-onset natural disaster.