TBM professional technical papers
A boring machine is a machine used to dig straight underground tunnels. Below are the professional technical papers on tunnel boring machines that I compiled for you. I hope you like them. Part 1 of professional technical papers on tunnel boring machines
Safety technology for rapid tunneling of fully mechanized tunnel boring machines
Abstract: Through research on the various processes of tunnel boring machines during tunneling and many years of experience in tunnel boring machines Based on the practice, it is concluded that the practical multi-process parallel operation of the fully mechanized excavator during tunneling when the roof is relatively complete improves the tunneling efficiency and achieves the purpose of rapid tunneling.
Keywords: fully mechanized excavator; rapid; excavation
CLC number: TD263.3 Document identification code: B Article number: 1009-9166(2010)014(C) -0222-02
Introduction: When the SDIC Xinji No. 2 Mine was tunneling the 110802 coal pillar working face, it carefully analyzed the geological conditions of the face and adopted appropriate support forms. When the roof was good and complete, , using anchor rods as temporary support; the selection of the fully mechanized excavator equipment was matched with the tunnel section, and the various operating procedures of the fully mechanized excavator were improved and adjusted during the excavation, achieving a coal tunnel footage of 1,510 meters per month. results. This article explains the excavation of a fully mechanized excavator under normal conditions.
1. Construction method
The wind tunnel and machine tunnel of the 110802 coal pillar working face are excavated by a fully mechanized excavator. It is a construction method with multiple processes running in parallel and across each other to form a lane in one go.
2. Process flow
Safety inspection at handover? Shipment of fully mechanized excavator? Extension of belt conveyor tail? Excavation of fully mechanized excavator? Knocking on the roof? Temporary support (installation) The top anchor rod is matched with the capped point column)? Install the steel belt (parallel operations of hanging the anchor rod and the roofing plate anchor rod, laying the net, installing the steel belt, and driving the anchor cable)
3. Cutting method
The full cross-section of the mechanized excavator is cut at one time (the diameter of the cutting head of the EBZ-160HN mechanized excavator is 1120mm, the maximum cutting width is 6640mm, the design height of the tunnel is 2800mm, and the design width is 4200mm). The first cutter is from the lower left side of the tunnel. Cut the corners back and forth along the S-shaped route, and brush the left and right sides straight from top to bottom with the second and third cuts respectively. Attached: Cutting line diagram of fully mechanized excavator
IV. The operation method adopts the four and six production methods
V. Temporary support
Temporary support For protection, use homemade retractable hydraulic jacks with capped point columns, or use anchor rods for temporary support. The number of roof anchor rods should be no less than 4, and anchor nets and steel belts should be installed in time. That is, after excavation, the roof anchors should be installed in time, and the advanced temporary support anchors should be constructed row by row from back to front.
6. Permanent support
The roof is supported by 6 high-strength anchor rods of ?20?2200mm, and 4 ordinary anchor rods of ?18?2000mm are arranged in each gang. The anchor cables are arranged in three rows and five patterns.
VII. Construction Plan and Requirements
(1) Under normal circumstances on the roof, the mechanized excavator cuts two rows at a time, the maximum roof control distance is 1.8 meters, and the footage per cycle is 1.6 meters; when the roof is complete and stable, the mechanized excavator cuts three rows at a time, the maximum roof control distance is 2.7 meters, and the footage per cycle is 2.4 meters. When the roof is broken, the mechanized excavator should appropriately reduce the number of cutting rows and perform construction row by row if necessary.
(2) The roof is supported by six anchor rods. During regular cycle operation, the mechanized excavator cuts 3 rows at a time. Each row only drills 4 anchor rods on both sides of the tunnel center line and the two shoulder sockets and installs them in time. Hanging nets are used for temporary support. Only the top three rows of top anchors are allowed to be constructed as four, and the remaining two roof anchors are reserved for the next cycle to be drilled in time.
(3) Depending on the softness of the coal in the upper part, the anchor rods at the upper part are 4 to 6 rows behind the top anchor rods. The upper parts of both upper parts are constructed with 1.9-meter-long steel strips to construct 2 to 3 anchor rods at one time ( When the coal quality is soft, construct 3 anchor rods; when the coal quality is hard, construct 2 anchor rods), and the remaining anchor rods will be drilled behind the mechanized excavator.
(4) The top part is supported by a 2600mm long steel belt with a 1900mm long steel belt, and the upper part is supported by a 1900mm long steel belt with a 1000mm long steel belt. The steel belts on the two shoulder sockets of the top upper part do not overlap, but they must Compact connection.
(5) The anchor net is made of ?6mm steel bars with specifications of length and width = 2000? 1000mm or ?4mm steel bars with specifications of length and width = 1100? 1100mm.
(6) In order to ensure the construction progress and reduce the time affected by the Feng Shui pipeline, it is necessary to lay two air supply (4-inch) and water supply (2-inch) pipes. One of the air supply pipes should be changed if necessary. For use in drainage pipes.
(7) Construction should be carried out strictly according to the drawings and measures. In order to speed up the construction, up to 2 anchor rods can be thrown away from each row and each gang without being struck. The auxiliary personnel will work undercover behind the mechanized excavator. , supplement the anchor rod. At the same time, the roof management behind the mechanized excavator is also responsible for the auxiliary personnel. Every shift must inspect the roof condition of the tunnel. Install a roof separation layer meter 30 to 40 meters away as required and observe it in time. If any safety hazards are found, support will be strengthened in a timely manner.
(8) The distance between the track and the head should not exceed 50 meters, and the supporting materials used should be transported to a position not exceeding 6 meters behind the mechanized excavator. Backup materials must be put on the shelves, and quality standardization work must be carried out.
8. Roof Management Measures
(1) During the construction period, observation and inspection of roofs and roofs must be strengthened, the system of "knock on roofs and ask questions about roofs" must be strictly implemented, and the crisis must be found in a timely manner. Rock floating gangue and loose false roof must be removed. When carrying out the "knocking on the top and asking for the top" operation, one person is looking for the top and one person is supervising. A drill with a length of not less than 2m should be used, and the work should be carried out from the outside to the inside, and from the top to the top. When looking for the top, the top-seeking personnel should always pay attention to prevent the gangue from sliding down the pole and injuring people.
(2) After the roofing is completed, temporary support should be provided first to prevent the roof from loosening and falling off the layer and causing injuries to people, and permanent support should be carried out in a timely manner. During permanent support, personnel must stand under the supported roof to operate, and empty-ceiling operations are strictly prohibited.
(3) When supporting with anchor net, the anchor rods shall not be arranged along the crack surface and shall not penetrate the skin.
(4) When constructing temporary support anchors, construction workers should stand in a safe place facing the head and work from outside to in. Construction workers are strictly prohibited from standing under the empty roof with their backs to the head while working.
(5) If the roof is broken during head-on construction, the roof control distance must be adjusted in time according to the site conditions, and if necessary, anchor cables must be added to strengthen the support according to the measures.
(6) When multiple anchor cranes are constructing at the same time, it is necessary to strengthen on-site follow-up management, reasonably arrange the positions of anchor cranes and personnel, observe the roof and surrounding environment at any time, and ensure joint and mutual protection.
9. Management measures for comprehensive excavator
(1) Drivers of comprehensive excavators must hold a certificate to work, and unlicensed personnel are strictly prohibited from operating the excavator.
(2) Before each construction, the safety conditions around and head-on of the mechanized excavator must be checked, and any problems found must be dealt with in a timely manner.
(3) Before starting the fully mechanized excavator, an alarm must be issued in advance. The fully mechanized excavator can only be started when there is no one in front of the shovel plate and near the cutting arm. Within the operating range of the mechanized excavator, other work and pedestrians are strictly prohibited.
(4) Before starting the oil pump motor, check that the operating handles of each hydraulic valve and water supply valve must be in the neutral position.
(5) The cutting head must be rotated to be close to the working surface and must not be started with load.
(6) During cutting, the driver of the mechanized excavator works closely with the commander and obeys various commands issued by the commander. At the same time, according to the hardness of the coal or rock, the cutting depth and cutting thickness of the cutting head should be mastered. When the cutting head enters the cutting, the operating handle should be moved slowly to cut into the coal wall to avoid stabbing and impact vibration.
(7) When the machine moves forward, attention should be paid to sweeping the bottom and removing floating coal on both sides of the machine body. When sweeping the bottom, steps should be avoided on the bottom plate to prevent the tunnel boring machine from climbing up.
(8) When maneuvering the machine forward or backward, the rear support must be retracted and the shovel plate must be raised.
(9) When the cutting part is working, if it encounters a boring phenomenon, it should be immediately separated from the cutting or stopped to prevent the cutting motor from being overloaded for a long time.
(10) For large pieces of fallen coal and rock, appropriate methods should be used to crush them before loading; if large pieces of coal and rock are stuck by the gantry, the machine should stop immediately and crush them manually. Do not use scrapers. The trigger pulls hard.
(11) The pressure of the hydraulic system and water supply system is not allowed to be adjusted at will. If adjustment is necessary, it should be done by full-time personnel.
(12) Pay attention to the liquid level and temperature gauge on the fuel tank. When the liquid level is lower than the working oil level or the oil temperature exceeds the specified value (70°C), the machine should be stopped for refueling or cooling.
(13) Before starting cutting, the cooling water must be ensured to spray from the nozzle. The internal spray water pressure requires 3MPa, and the external spray water pressure requires 1.5Mpa.
(14) If the machine encounters abnormal sounds and phenomena during operation, it should be stopped immediately to find out the cause, and the machine can be turned on only after troubleshooting.
(15) Overload operation is not allowed.
(16) The fully mechanized excavator must implement gas-electricity and wind-power interlocking, and the driver of the fully mechanized excavator must carry a portable gas meter. If the head-on pressure increases and the gas emission is abnormal, the operator must promptly report Shut down for inspection.
(17) The comprehensive excavator protection is complete and effective, and it is sensitive and reliable. The fully mechanized excavator equipment should be covered when encountering water spray.
(18) The driver strictly follows the operating procedures and must cut off the power supply when stopping excavation.
(19) The non-operating side of the mechanized excavator must be equipped with a button that can stop the operation in an emergency.
(20) The fully mechanized excavator must be equipped with headlights and taillights and be used normally.
(21) When the fully mechanized excavator stops working, is undergoing maintenance, or is changing shifts, the cutting head of the fully mechanized excavator must be dropped to the ground, and the power switch and the isolation switch of the magnetic starter must be cut off.
(22) Before each power resumption of the fully mechanized excavator, the gas concentration within 20 meters of the mechanized excavator and related electrical appliances and switches must be checked. When the gas concentration is less than 0.8, the power can be restored.
(23) When overhauling the fully mechanized excavator, other personnel are strictly prohibited from staying or working under the cutting arm and load bridge.
(24) During the maintenance of the fully mechanized excavator, the power supply switch controlling the fully mechanized excavator must be locked and the power outage sign must be hung.
(25) When the fully mechanized excavator is digging, protect the air cylinder and probe, and it is strictly forbidden for construction personnel to stand on the cutting arm while working.
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