Information about Zhangjiajie
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Zhangjiajie was originally named Dayong and was the seat of the ancient Yong Kingdom. As early as the late primitive society, ancestors had begun to live and thrive on both sides of the Lishui River. In the era of Yao and Shun, "Shun took pleasure trips to the Chongshan Mountains to transform the Southern Barbarians." Therefore, the term "Southern Barbarians" came into being in Chinese history. In 221 BC, Emperor Qin Shihuang established counties and counties. The Zhangjiajie area belonged to Cigu County, Qianzhong County, and the county seat was Guantaping, Cili County (now Taiping Village, Jiangjiaping Township). In the sixth year of Yong'an reign of Emperor Wu Jing of the Three Kingdoms (AD 264), Songliang County was named Tianmen Mountain, and Tianmen County was established. By the Liangpu, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it belonged to Tianmen County, Zhongzhong and Linli County. Dayong County was established in the Ming Dynasty in 1369, and Yongding County was established in the 13th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1735 AD).
From the liberation in 1949 to 1988, Cili County belonged to the Changde Prefecture. By the end of 1988, Dayong and Sangzhi were under the jurisdiction of the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hunan. In May 1988, with the approval of the State Council, Dayong City, a provincial-level prefecture-level city, was established. In April 1994, the prefecture-level Dayong City was renamed Zhangjiajie City. Zhangjiajie City is named after Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, which is famous at home and abroad.
Zhangjiajie City is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, at the junction of the uplift of the Qugui Plateau and the subsidence area of Dongting Lake, between 109 degrees 40 minutes to 111 degrees 20 minutes east longitude and 28 degrees 52 minutes to 29 degrees north latitude 48 minutes, it borders Shimen and Taoyuan County in the east, Yuanling County in the south, and Hefeng and Xuanen County in Hubei Province in the north. The city boundary is 167 kilometers long from east to west and 96 kilometers wide from north to south. The city has a total area of 9,653 square kilometers, accounting for 4.5 of the province's area.
Zhangjiajie City has complex landforms and structures, mainly including mountains, karsts, hills, hills and plains. The mountainous area accounts for 76% of the total area. The most distinctive one is the quartz sandstone peak forest landform, which is rare in the world. The terrain of the city is high in the northwest and slopes toward the southeast along the Lishui River. The Wuling Mountains branch from Yunwu Mountain in Guizhou, and after entering Zhangjiajie City, they are divided into three mountain ranges that run through the entire city. There are overlapping mountains in Zhangjiajie City, and the surface is highly undulating. The highest point is 1890.4 meters above sea level, and the lowest point is 75 meters above sea level.
The landform of the city is mainly mountainous. The terrain is high in the northwest and slopes along the Lishui River. The central part is slowly lower in the northeast direction along both sides of the Lishui River, and the southern mountainous area descends gradually towards the Yuanshui River. The Wuling Mountains branch from Yunwu Mountain in Guizhou into Zhangjiajie City, and are further divided into three branches. The north branch comes from Fenglong Mountain in Hubei Province and enters Lishan, Guiying Mountain and Qinglong Mountain in Sangzhi County under the jurisdiction of the city; the middle branch along the Lishui River in the north includes Tianxing Mountain, Hongxi Mountain, Chaotian Mountain, Qingyan Mountain and Maohuajie. The south branch runs between Lishui and Yuan rivers, with Qixing Mountain, Chongshan Mountain and Tianmen Mountain, and extends into Dalong Mountain and Tianhe Mountain in Cili County. All three branches disappeared eastward to the Dongting Lake alluvial plain.
Zhangjiajie is world-famous for its unique tourism resources. The Wulingyuan Scenic Area, which consists of China's first national forest park Zhangjiajie and two nature reserves of Tianzi Mountain and Suoxiyu, covers an area of 369 square kilometers. The area is dominated by the world's rare quartz sandstone peak forest canyon landform, which integrates Guilin. The beauty of Huangshan Mountain, the danger of Huashan Mountain, and the majesty of Mount Tai are integrated into one body. It has Tibet, bridges, caves, lakes, and waterfalls. It is known as "the enlarged bonsai and the reduced fairy mountain".
Zhangjiajie is a treasure house of biological resources. There are 850 species of woody plants in 106 families, 320 genera and 146 species of vertebrates in the area. Among them, there are 56 species of nationally protected plants and 40 species of nationally protected animals. Rare tree species include ginkgo, Davidia involucrata, yew, cherry blossoms, etc.; precious medicinal materials include Ganoderma lucidum, Gastrodia elata, Polygonum multiflorum, Eucommia ulmoides, etc.; rare animals include salamander, unicorn, Sumatran antelope, South China tiger, clouded leopard, macaque, civet, etc.
Zhangjiajie City is rich in forest resources. The city has 1,012 acres of forestry land, accounting for 71%. The forest coverage rate reaches 64.61, ranking first in the province. The city has implemented a "beautification, lighting and purification" project, with 1.55 square meters of green space per capita, making it an ideal eco-tourism area and international resort.
Zhangjiajie is located in the northern and middle latitudes and has a humid mid-subtropical mountain monsoon climate, with abundant light and heat, abundant rainfall, a long frost-free period, a short severe cold period, four distinct seasons, and average annual sunshine, temperature and precipitation respectively. It is about 1440 hours, 16 degrees and 1400 mm, and the average frost-free period over the years is between 216 and 269 days. Such a climate is conducive to the all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production, and fishery. However, affected by topography, landforms and other factors, the climate within the territory is complex and changeable, and natural disasters such as droughts, floods, strong winds and hail are also relatively frequent.
The urban area of Zhangjiajie is 183 meters above sea level, and the average altitude of the scenic spot is 1,000 meters. Due to this difference, the temperature difference between day and night can reach 10℃
In Zhangjiajie City, there are Tujia, Bai and Miao ethnic groups. , Hui and other ethnic minorities, the total population of ethnic minorities reaches more than 700,000, accounting for about 50% of the city's total population. Among the ethnic minorities, the Tujia people have the largest population, followed by the Bai, Miao and Hui people. also. There are also a small number of Manchu, Dong, Yao and other ethnic minorities.
Zhangjiajie is known as the "Forest City"
Spring (March/May) Temperature: 5.8℃, 11.4℃, 16.1℃ Spring is charming and smiling - flower gardening and outing
Summer (May/August) Temperature: 19.7℃, 23.3℃, 22.2℃ Summer is green and green - summer escape, rafting
Autumn (September/December) Temperature: 17.9℃ , 13.9℃, 8.7℃. Autumn is clear and clean - fruit appreciation, climbing.
Winter (December/February) temperature: 3.4℃, 0.7℃, 1.3℃. Winter is clean and sleepy - enjoying snow, looking for snow. Mei
I have long heard about the four major scenic spots in Hunan Province: Zhangjiajie, Tianzi Mountain, Suoxiyu and Yangjiajie. Their beautiful scenery has long been famous at home and abroad. Now, another scenic spot with wonderful scenery, Yuanjiajie, also located in Wulingyuan, is revealed to the world again. Recently, I had the honor to witness with my own eyes this paradise on earth with its beautiful rocks and peaks, dangerous cliffs and secluded gorges.
Yuanjiajie is located between Zhangjiajie and Tianzi Mountain, with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters. Surrounded by steep walls and overhanging rocks, it stands in the Wuling Mountains, just like a high platform protruding from the flat ground, which is majestic. However, it only took me two minutes to get from the foot of the mountain to Yuanjiajie! Don't mistakenly think that I own "Scud", I actually ride the Bailong Sightseeing Elevator. Speaking of Bailong Ladder, it can be said to be a perfect combination of natural landscape and man-made miracles.
The Bailong Ladder is located in the Shuirao Simen Scenic Area in Zhangjiajie, a world natural heritage site. It is unique in the world with three laurels: "the world's highest fully exposed outdoor elevator", "the world's highest double-decker sightseeing elevator", and "the world's largest and fastest passenger elevator". The Bailong Sky Ladder is majestic, with a vertical height difference of 335 meters and a running height of 326 meters. The main body is composed of a 154-meter mountain shaft and a 172-meter mountain-mounted steel structure. It uses three double-layer fully exposed sightseeing elevators to operate in parallel and split, successfully connecting the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Jinbian Stream, Shuirao Simen, Yuanjiajie's First Bridge in the World, Wulong Village, Tianzi Mountain and other golden attractions have become important tourist transportation facilities in the scenic area, greatly shortening the original time of more than four hours. hiking trail. People move with the ladder, and the ladder travels with the mountain, and the field of vision becomes wider and wider. The blue sky, white clouds, strange peaks and fairy mist make people full of passion. In less than two minutes, the beautiful scenery of Yuanjiajie came into view.
Going eastward for about 800 meters, there is a small road winding south to the Wuyanding platform. Standing on the platform and looking around, you can have a panoramic view of thousands of scenes. There are rock peaks and stone pillars with strange shapes and wonderful shapes. It happened to be a good opportunity for the sky to clear up after the rain. I saw light clouds and light mist floating among the peaks from time to time. But I saw the mountains moving and the peaks lurking, just like the jade towers and jade pavilions, disappearing and appearing. For a moment, I felt obsessed and unaware of where I was. Where to live. I finally understand why this place is known as the "Ecstasy Tower". Try to stand on the cliff of "Ecstasy Terrace", just like "people are walking on the wall and clouds are floating under their feet."
This is not the most beautiful scenery. Traveling along the top edge of the cliff, you can see a natural stone bridge flying over the top of the two peaks. It is majestic and majestic. This is also known as "Couple Rock". The "No. 1 Bridge in the World" in Zhangjiajie. The No. 1 Bridge in the World is a natural stone bridge located along the Shadaogou Tourist Route and is one of Zhangjiajie’s most important attractions.
Through the uncanny workmanship of nature, a natural stone slab only 3 meters wide and about 5 meters thick is suspended and embedded between the two peaks, cleverly connecting the east and west peaks. The bridge is 20 meters long, has a span of about 50 meters, and a relative height of nearly 400 meters. It is the tallest stone bridge in Zhangjiajie. It is called the "No. 1 Bridge in the World" because of its height, span and thrills that are rare in the world. The pines on the bridge are tall and tall, and the clouds and mist are rippling under the bridge, and the abyss is endless. Surrounded by cliffs, water droplets splashed. Stepping onto the bridge, you can't help but feel like you are flying in the air and riding the wind. Holding on to the iron railings and looking up, the green peaks appear misty in the mist. Looking down, the strange peaks are like groups of bamboo shoots, and bursts of mist appear in the deep valleys of the rocks, scattering and regrouping. The No. 1 bridge in the world is also hung with many concentric locks of infatuated men and women.
Climbing to the higher bridge viewing platform next to it, I saw a wisp of spring water floating down from the top of the cliff more than 200 meters high under the shade of green pines, as if a white long-haired horse fell from the sky. The waterfall is next to a deep pool, the green water is vast, the water mist is long, and the bridge hangs over the cliff. It is majestic, steep and shocking. It really deserves the name of "Tianxuan Bailian".
At the junction of Zhongping and Xiaping in Yuanjiajie, there is a hidden landscape called the "back garden". Tourists were walking down the bamboo jungle between the cliffs when they were suddenly blocked by a stone wall. Just when I was doubting that I had no way out, I saw a hole in the cliff, a white stone shaped like a full moon, and passed through the door. In front of my eyes, dozens of strange peaks stood staggered in the deep dark green stream. In the green valley, there are clusters of stone peaks, lingering streams, towering ancient trees, and cold clouds covering the ground. It looks like a natural bonsai from a high altitude. There are hundreds of stone peaks, high into the clouds, low lying on the ground, rising and falling, complementing each other.
In Yuanjiajie, there are not only small streams with stone clusters and high silver waterfalls, but also lush bamboo forests and green pines hanging down the walls. Due to abundant water and dense forests, the air is extremely fresh. The latest measurements show that the forest coverage rate in Yuanjiajie is as high as over 98%. The dust and bacteria content in the air is particularly low, and the oxygen content is very high. In some areas, the number of negative ions reaches nearly 50,000, which is higher than the normal environment. About 500 times, it is like a huge "natural oxygen bar", very suitable for leisure and health care.
At the end of this tour, the tour guide told me that due to the dangerous terrain, transportation around Yuanjiajie was extremely inconvenient in the past, so it has been little known for a long time. In recent years, with the completion and opening of the world's highest Bailong Sightseeing Elevator, the traffic bottleneck problem that has plagued the scenic spot for many years has been solved, and the Yuanjiajie Scenic Spot has been developed in depth. Many inaccessible places have become tourist attractions that attract much attention, and the magical beauty known as Zhangjiajie's "back garden" has also been brought from behind the scenes to the stage.
The legend of the origin of Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie was not called Zhangjiajie earlier, but was called Qingyan Mountain. At that time, there was no family named Zhang in Zhangjiajie. Why was it called Zhangjiajie later? This has to start with Zhang Liang, the Marquis of Han Dynasty.
According to legend, after Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, brought peace to the world, he killed the heroes indiscriminately and left the marquis Zhang Liang in order to save his life. He resigned and hid in the world. Following the footsteps of Chisongzi, he came to the place where Emperor Shun was exiled in ancient times. , and then climbed up Qingyan Mountain. From then on, he lived in seclusion here, practiced immortality and Taoism, and left behind a line of descendants of the Zhang family. In order to protect the feng shui of Qingyan Mountain, Zhang Liang planted seven ginkgo trees on the south side of Qingyan Mountain. These seven ginkgo trees grew tall and big, like seven giants guarding Qingyan Mountain. Many years later, a court official named Zhang Wanchong visited Qingyan Mountain and took a fancy to Qingyan Mountain, so he named these seven ginkgo trees. As a boundary, they carved a word on each ginkgo tree, and engraved the seven characters "Commander Zhang Wanchongjie" to occupy Qingyan Mountain. As a result, the descendants of the Zhang family who originally lived on Qingyan Mountain were forced to move away with their children. , displaced.
One day, hunter Zhang Jiaxiong went into the mountains to hunt and saw seven ginkgo trees all flowing with yellow water, like people in tears. Zhang Jiaxiong was very surprised. Later, when he saw the seven characters "Commander Zhang Wanchongjie" written on the tree, he suddenly realized it. He became furious and drew his sword and changed the word "Wanchong" to "Jiaxiong".
Zhang Jiaxiong's actions angered Zhang Wanchong. He mobilized 300 soldiers to surround Qingyan Mountain to capture Zhang Jiaxiong. He also drove the residents who originally lived in the village under the ginkgo tree, claiming that if Zhang Jiaxiong could not be captured, , it is necessary to dye the seven characters red with the blood of seven boys. At the critical moment, Zhang Liang, who had become an immortal, appeared and cast a spell to spray seven buckets of water from the ginkgo tree trunk. In an instant, the huge waves swept Zhang Wanchong and his 300 soldiers and horses into the Golden Whip River.
Then, Zhang Liang pointed the whisk in his hand at seven ginkgo trees, and the seven characters "Zhangjiajie, a fairyland on earth" immediately appeared on the trees. Later generations therefore named the mountain as "Zhangjiajie, a fairyland on earth". From then on, Qingyan Mountain was called "Qingyan Mountain". Zhangjiajie".