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The role of color in interior design

Color plays a very important role in architectural decoration design. Compared with shape, color can arouse people's visual reflection more, and it also directly affects people's psychology and emotions. Because among the various perceptions of the human body, vision is the most important sense. It is said that people can obtain about 87% of external information through their eyes. The eye can only obtain an impression by creating colors on objects through the action of light. Therefore, color has the function of arousing people's first vision. Color can change the atmosphere of the indoor environment and affect other visual impressions. Therefore, experienced architects and interior designers attach great importance to the physical, physiological and psychological effects of color on people. We attach great importance to the effect of color in evoking people's associations and emotions, in order to create a spatial environment full of character, hierarchy and beauty in interior design. Therefore, it is very necessary to learn and master the basic rules of color and apply them appropriately in design.

1. Basic knowledge of color

(1) Three elements of color. Color is the feeling of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, indigo, violet, as well as black, white, gray, gold, and silver produced when visible light stimulates the human eye. Any color is composed of three elements, which are the hue, brightness and purity (or beauty) of the color. Hue - refers to the appearance and name of a color, that is, the color it appears. It is mainly used to distinguish various different colors. Brightness - refers to the lightness and darkness of a color. Brightness has two meanings. One refers to the change in depth after adding black or white to the color; the other refers to the brightness of the color itself. For example, yellow has high brightness and blue has low brightness. Purity - refers to the degree of freshness and grayness of a color, that is, the difference in the saturation of pigments in the color. Primary colors and secondary colors are standard solid colors with bright and full colors, so they are also called "saturated colors" in terms of purity. If white is added, the purity will be weakened (to become an "unsaturated color") and the brightness will be enhanced (to be a "bright tone"); if black is added, the purity will also be weakened, but the brightness will also be weakened, which is a "dark tone".

(2) Color character. 1. Red: Reminiscent of the sun, fire and blood. Red is the most stimulating color, symbolizing warmth, auspiciousness, celebration and deliciousness. Moreover, red is a signal of danger, alertness, and blood-terror. 2. Orange: Reminiscent of sunshine, flowers, fruits, or the ripe season. It has the meaning of bright, lively and gorgeous. But sometimes it can make people feel irritated. 3． Yellow: It is a symbol of light, reminiscent of gold, sunshine, flowers and fruits. Yellow has the highest brightness among all colors, the most lively and welcoming feeling, and is both noble and charming. 4. Green: It is the color of nature, full of vitality, symbolizing peace and security; green also means youth and hope. The tender green makes people feel new and spring, while the dark green can be associated with deep and calm lakes and woods. 5. Blue: We naturally associate it with sea water and sky. It has a refreshing and cool feeling. Blue is a very calm color, making people feel pure, rational and energetic. An important topic of modern science and technology is the detection of space and deep sea. Therefore, blue is a commonly used color representing modern science and technology. The combination of blue and white creates a soft, elegant, refreshing and tranquil atmosphere in a well-lit room. On the negative side, blue can also tend to induce feelings of gloom and coldness. 6. Purple: Purple is also the color of flowers and fruits. Purple is also a special color for the clothing of emperors and generals at home and abroad. Purple is the lightest color among all colors. Purple is a noble, simple, solemn and mysterious color. The lavender with increased brightness has a soothing and soft feeling, and can create a noble, luxurious and extraordinary atmosphere. However, purple is the most difficult color to use, as it can easily create a feeling of darkness, filth and kitsch. 7. White: A symbol of purity, holiness and light, it is the brightest of all colors. It has good effect when matched with various colors. Sometimes, white can feel cold and sad. 8. Black: It is the darkest color among all colors. It has a serious, perseverance, simple and stable character, and has a sense of mystery. It goes well with all colors, however, black is also associated with darkness, depression and sin.

9． Gray: It is a color between black and white. Light gray is close to white and dark gray is close to black. Gray is a very calm and simple color. Used alone, it can easily create a feeling of emptiness and coldness. Therefore, gray is often used with blue and white. 10． Gold, silver: It is a unique metallic luster color. Gold reminds people of gold and wealth, and silver reminds people of silver and moonlight. Gold and silver both represent luxury and high-end. Matching with other colors has a harmonious and natural effect.

(3) The feeling of color. Color stimulates people's vision under certain environmental conditions and generally causes people to have certain feelings.

1. The weight of color: The weight of color mainly depends on the lightness and darkness of the color. Generally speaking, colors with high brightness feel light, while colors with low brightness feel heavy. For example, two plaster statues of the same weight. Paint one of them black. White plaster statues feel much lighter than black plaster statues.

2． The sense of volume of color: Generally speaking, bright, vivid and warm colors have the feeling of expansion and expansion. Dark, black and cool colors have a shrinking effect. According to test instructions, the perceived color expansion area can reach about 4%.

3． The sense of distance of colors: Under the same viewing distance, bright colors, bright colors and warm colors have a forward feeling, while dark colors, gray and cold colors have a backward feeling. For example, in two rooms of the same area, one is painted yellow and the other is painted blue. It gives the impression that the blue room is smaller than the yellow room.

4. The sense of temperature of color: The red, orange, and yellow series are reminiscent of firelight and the sun, thus producing a feeling of heat or warmth; while the blue and green series are reminiscent of sea water and woods, causing a feeling of coolness. For example, painting cool colors in a room with strong sunlight and hot weather can make people feel cooler, and painting warm colors in some shady rooms can make people feel warm.

5. The excitement and tranquility of color: The excitement and tranquility of color are related to hue, brightness and purity, especially purity. Among the hues, red, red and purple have a sense of excitement, while orange and purple are neutral colors. In addition, they both have a sense of tranquility. Generally speaking, the more the warm colors tend to be red, the greater the excitement, and the cold colors, the more blue the hue, the stronger the sense of tranquility. In terms of brightness, the higher the brightness, the more exciting it is. Purity has a more significant impact on excitement. The higher the purity, the stronger the excitement, while the lower the purity, the stronger the sense of tranquility. In short, it is the bright and bright colors in the warm color system that bring excitement to people, while the dark and turbid colors in the cold color system bring a sense of tranquility.

6． The beauty and simplicity of color: The beauty and simplicity of color are most affected by purity, brightness is also affected, and hue is also slightly affected. In terms of hue, red, red, purple, and green have a sense of beauty in order. Yellow-green, yellow, orange, blue, and purple have a rustic feel in order. But solid colors with high saturation will become gorgeous and beautiful. In terms of brightness, the higher the brightness, the more gorgeous it is, and the lower the brightness, the more rustic it appears. In terms of purity, the higher the purity, the more gorgeous it is, and the lower the purity, the more rustic it is. All bright and bright colors can be said to look gorgeous.

2. The application of color in interior design

Color is a very important means to express the beauty of indoor decent shape. If used properly, it can often enrich the shape and highlight the interior design. Functional role, and can fully express the different atmosphere and character of the room, and can also reflect the sentiments of the residents. The matching of indoor colors and the arrangement of colors on the living room surface. Specifically reflected in the use of tone, color blocks and color light.

(1) The main color of interior decoration. Although interior decoration color is composed of many aspects (such as ceiling color, wall color, floor color, furniture color and furnishings color, etc.), the color changes of each part should be subject to a basic tone to make the entire interior The decoration presents a harmonious and perfect integrity. Just like a piece of music must have a main melody, if there is no main melody, the music will not be in tune. The overall sense of indoor color is usually based on one color, supplemented by other colors to highlight the main tone. Common indoor colors include harmonious colors and contrasting colors. If harmonious colors are used as the main tone, the interior will appear quiet, peaceful and soft. If contrasting colors are used as the main tone, bright, lively and vibrant effects can be achieved.

3. The position distribution of color blocks also has a great influence on the artistic effect of color. For example, when two contrasting colors are adjacent, the contrast will be strong. Neutral colors (such as gold, silver, black, white, etc.) can be placed between the contrasting colors. The contrast effect will be weakened. 4. Color blocks of any color should not appear in isolation. They need to be echoed by blocks of the same color or similar colors. Different contrasting color blocks should be interlaced with each other to form a vivid layout that is interspersed with each other. However, it should be noted that the positions of the color blocks need to be unified. , balance and coordination, do not make one color too concentrated and lose its beauty.

(3) Application of colored light in interior decoration. The use of color in interior decoration design also needs to consider the issue of color and light, that is, the rational use of color based on the environment and lighting conditions. From the perspective of indoor natural lighting, if the natural light is not ideal, color can be used to make appropriate adjustments. For example, a room facing north often feels dark and dull, so bright and warm colors can be used to make the indoor light brighter. The light in the south-facing house is bright, and neutral or cool colors can be used. The east-facing room has strong changes in light from morning to afternoon. You can paint the light-facing side with a cold color with lower brightness, and paint the back-lit side with a cold color or neutral color with higher brightness. The light changes in the west-facing room are more intense, and the temperature of the light is high, so the light-facing surface of the west-facing room should be painted with a cooler color with lower brightness, and it is better to use cool colors for the entire room. In the upper interior of high-rise buildings, because the light from all aspects is strong, cool colors with lower brightness should be used.

The coloring of interior decoration should not only match the daylight and environment, but also match the texture of various furniture, equipment, and decorative materials. Because various materials, such as wood, fabric, metal, bamboo and rattan, glass, plastic, etc., have rough, thin, light, wooly textures, etc., which in turn affect the coldness and warmth of indoor colors due to the different degrees of light reception and reflection. , deep and shallow overall effect. In fact, a color does not matter whether it is beautiful or not. Often, when two or more colors are combined or juxtaposed, the color can be used as a kind of coordination, unity, and contrast to give people a sense of beauty or ugliness. It is true that the designs of this kind of matching are also diverse, some are for eye-catching, some are for the pursuit of excitement, some are for tranquility and elegance, and some are for the expression of personality. But in any case, colors should be harmonious and unified in interior decoration design, so that most people feel that the color matching is beautiful.

References:

[1] Li Fengsong. Furniture design[M]． China Construction Industry Press, 1999, 6

[2] Wang Haiping, Dong Shaofeng. Interior Decoration Engineering Manual[Z]. China Construction Industry Press 1992, 2

[3] Wu Jiliang. Architectural decoration design[M]. Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1997, 7

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