What is the scope of Guangdong Province?
Guangdong Province is located at the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland. It borders Fujian in the east, Jiangxi and Hunan in the north, Guangxi in the west and the South China Sea in the south. The east and west sides of the Pearl River Estuary border Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions respectively, and the Leizhou Peninsula in the southwest faces Hainan Province across the Qiongzhou Strait. The whole territory is located between 20 09' ~ 25 31'north latitude and109 45' ~117 20' east longitude. The land area of the whole province is 179800 square kilometers, accounting for about1.85% of the national land area; Among them, the island area 1592.7 square kilometers, accounting for about 0.89% of the province's land area. There are 759 islands with a coastal area of more than 500 square meters in the province, ranking third in the country after Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. There are also 163 1 reef opening and dry reef. The coastline of the whole province is 3368. 1 km, ranking first in the country. According to the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone are under the jurisdiction of coastal countries, the total sea area of the province is 410.9 million square kilometers.
Guangdong landform is influenced by crustal movement, lithology, fold and fault structures and external forces. The landform types are complex and diverse. Mountains, hills, terraces and plains account for 33.7%, 24.9%, 14.2% and 2 1.7% of the total land area of the province respectively, while rivers and lakes only account for 5.5% of the total land area of the province. The terrain is generally high in the north and low in the south, with mountains and hills in the north. The highest peak, Shikenggan, is1902m above sea level and is located at the junction of Yangshan, Ruyuan and Hunan provinces. In the south, there are plains and terraces. Most of the mountains in the province are consistent with the geological structure, mostly from northeast to southwest, such as Luoping Mountain in western Guangdong, central Guangdong and eastern Guangdong and Lianhua Mountain in eastern Guangdong. Most of the mountainous areas in northern Guangdong are arc-shaped mountains arched to the south, and there are a few northwest-southeast mountains in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong. There are valleys and basins between the mountains. The Pearl River Delta Plain is the largest, followed by Chaoshan Plain, and there are alluvial plains such as Gaoyao, Qingyuan, Yangcun and Huiyang. These platforms are distributed in Leizhou Peninsula-Dianbai-Yangjiang area and Haifeng-Chaoyang area. Granite is the most common bedrock that constitutes various landforms, and there are also many sandstone and metamorphic rocks. There is also a large area of limestone in northwest Guangdong, and there are also some unique red rock landforms, such as the famous Danxia Mountain and Jinjiling. Danxia Mountain and Huguangyan in western Guangdong have been successively rated as World Geoparks. A large number of high-quality beaches and coral reefs along the southwest coast of Leizhou Peninsula are also very important landscape tourism resources. Most of the coastal areas along the Yangtze River are Quaternary sediments, which are the material basis of cultivated land resources.
Climate Guangdong belongs to the East Asian monsoon region, with subtropical climate, subtropical climate and tropical climate from north to south in turn. It is one of the areas with the richest light, heat and water resources in China. From north to south, the annual average sunshine hours increased from less than 1500 hours to more than 2,300 hours, the annual total solar radiation was between 4,200 and 5,400 mj/m2, and the annual average temperature was about 19℃ ~ 24℃. The average sunshine hours in the province 1745.8 hours, and the annual average temperature is 22.3℃. The average temperature in June 5438+ 10 is about 16℃ ~ 19℃, and the average temperature in July is about 28℃ ~ 29℃.
Guangdong is rich in precipitation, with the annual average precipitation of 1300 ~ 2500mm, and the average of the whole province is 1777mm. The spatial distribution of rainfall is basically high in the south and low in the north. Affected by topography, there are three rainy centers on the windward slope of the mountain, which are Enping, Haifeng and Qingyuan, which are beneficial to the formation of precipitation due to water vapor uplift, with an average annual precipitation of more than 2200 mm. The average annual precipitation in Luoding Basin and Xingmei Basin on leeward slope, as well as the coastal Leizhou Peninsula and Chaoshan Plain with little rain is less than 1400 mm ... The precipitation is unevenly distributed during the year, and the precipitation in flood season from April to September accounts for more than 80% of the whole year. The interannual variation is also great, and the precipitation in rainy years is more than twice that in dry years.
Floods and droughts often occur, and the impact of typhoons is more frequent. Low temperature and rainy weather in spring, cold dew wind in autumn and cold wave frost from late autumn to early spring are also frequent disastrous weather in Guangdong.
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