Most of the ancient buildings in China are wooden structures. What should I do if there is a fire?

In ancient buildings in China, pine, cypress, Chinese fir and nanmu were often used as the main building materials. Compared with masonry, wooden materials are cheaper and easier to construct, but there is a fatal problem.

Not fire-resistant!

The ancients did not have electric lights, and most of them used kerosene lamps, candles and other open flames for lighting, which easily caused fires. Besides, the roof is tight, tight. After the fire, the whole house is like a hearth full of dry wood, and the smoke heat inside is difficult to dissipate and easy to cause.

Flashover?

For example, from the first year to the second year of Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty, there were four durian fires in succession. On the night of March 23, the first year of Jiatai, Yang Hao's house, an official of Lin 'an government, caught fire and burned for three days and nights. The official buildings such as the Yushitai, the Military Equipment Supervisor, and the storage room were all burned down, and the number of people affected was as high as180,000. This is the biggest fire since the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which almost destroyed half of Lin 'an City, and in the same year 1 1 month.

So dangerous, can the ancients only let it burn without any protective measures?

Of course not,

So how did the ancients deal with the threat of fire?

Build a city near the water source.

If there is an unfortunate fire, then water resources are very precious, so the ancients preferred to be close to the water source in order to build houses and cities. For example, Comfortable Hongcun was originally built for fire prevention.

Wang, the founder of Hongcun, Anhui Province, once did business in Jinling. He was forced to return to his hometown after a big fire, but he got caught in a big fire soon after returning home and went to Leigang Mountain, where he dug an artificial lake. Later, under the guidance of feng shui master, a water system was built and settled here.

It doesn't matter if there is no such superior geographical conditions. The ancients built special places to store water, such as moats. On the one hand, moats can be used to protect cities. On the other hand, the moat is also an important water source. Attracting enough water in front of important buildings is a very clever fire control measure.

As the saying goes? Far from hydrolysis, near thirst? What should I do if I sleep until midnight and suddenly the backyard catches fire? Don't worry, now we will see many vats in some old houses. These vats are not used to raise fish and lotus, but to store water for a rainy day.

According to the Qing Hui Dian, there are 308 vats in the Forbidden City, each with a capacity of 3,000 liters. Make sure that the village in the vat is full of water at any time. If it is winter, it is necessary to put firewood at the bottom of the vat to burn charcoal fire to ensure that the water will not freeze. These vats are specially used for fire prevention. What are they called? Menhai?

Set firewall

In addition to building site selection and water storage, the ancients also worked hard on architectural design and set up durian firewalls between houses.

White wall and blue tile horse head wall are the characteristics of Huizhou architecture. This architectural style is not only beautiful but also very practical, which can prevent fire and wind. During the period of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty, there were many residents and houses in Huizhou. There is not enough space between the houses. Once a fire breaks out, houses are burned down one after another, and people are miserable. In the face of frequent fires, several governors think that this is a Feng Shui problem and can't think of a practical solution.

In the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, He Xin became the magistrate of Huizhou. He did not attribute it to Feng Shui, but carefully observed the fire. Finally, he found that large-scale fires were not natural disasters, but man-made disasters. The houses are too dense and there is no firewall to stop the fire. Thousands of families will be burned to ashes in an instant.

I can't climb over the wall to be a patient. Misfortune lies in the sky, but prevention lies in people. Governing the wall is the best policy. ? He Xin

Since then, He Xin has started? Governing the wall? , and

Five families are friends, why should they be tall? .

In a group of five households, the wall of the fifth household must be indented by one foot and six inches to build a firewall higher than the roof. People who don't leave the land need to pay bricks and stones and labor, and offenders are convicted. Within a month, Huizhou built more than 2000 firewalls. When the fire broke out, people were surprised to find that? Disaster is more than five o'clock? , are amazed at how xin's kindness, at that time.

Folk songs are full of alleys, and literati poems are full of joy. ,

See it as a god.

As the founder of firewall, He Xin occupies an important position in the history of fire protection in China.

Ancient fire brigade

Now that we have a fire, will we call? 1 19? Firefighters will soon arrive at the scene to put out the fire. In fact, in ancient times, there were also fire brigades. Late Qing dynasty? Fire fighting? The word "fire brigade" was introduced into China from Japan. Before that, it was called "fire brigade" in the early years of Qing Dynasty. Fire brigade? What are the names of the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty? Fireman? What was the name of the Song Dynasty? Corner prevention? 、? Submerged fire army? In fact, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a special fire brigade called? Siwei? 、? Siyao? .

According to the Tokyo Dream, the capital of the Song Dynasty? Military patrol shop? There is a fire station every 300 steps, and five non-commissioned officers patrol the fire. There is also a fire-fighting duty building in the city, and there is a special person on duty at night, rain or shine. If you find a fire, you can report it in time. What about the fire? Disappear instantly? ,? Not disturbing the people? .

300 steps per lane, a patrol shop with five soldiers? Dream of Tokyo

In addition to fire fighting, the military patrol shop also needs fire prevention. At midnight, officials and people fell asleep. Soldiers in the military patrol shop need to walk the streets and supervise the implementation of the fire ban. If there are people who pay homage to the dead at night, they need to report in advance, so as not to mistake the patrol shop for fire alarm handling and cause panic in the whole city.

In addition to these scientific and effective methods, the ancients also did some fire prevention? Virtual? Yes, for example, the common animal sculptures in ancient buildings are actually called kisses, which are legendary beasts that can swallow fire. People put it on the roof in the hope that it can help avoid fire.

In addition to placing hopes on god beasts, the ancients also believed that hanging erotic paintings at home could prevent fires. In ancient times, people thought that Vulcan was a woman, and when they saw erotic pictures, they would be ashamed to come in and play a role in fire prevention.