The homework left by our Jade Culture teacher, I hope you can help me

The "jade culture" that originated in the early Neolithic Age and continues to this day is a distinctive feature of Chinese culture that distinguishes it from other civilizations in the world. The Chinese regard jade as the crystallization of the essence of heaven and earth, which gives jade an unusual religious symbolic meaning. Jade products taken from nature and polished in imperial palaces were regarded as symbols of hierarchical status and became an important part of the so-called "ritual system" that maintained the social ruling order. At the same time, the special role of jade in funerals also gives jade an incomparable mysterious religious significance. It is a great creation of the Chinese people to compare some of the natural characteristics of jade itself with the moral qualities attached to people, and to admire and praise them as the virtues that a so-called "gentleman" should have. Therefore, jade is the vivid materialization of the Eastern spirit and the material foundation of the essence of Chinese cultural tradition. As the "beautiful stone" selected by the ancestors of the Chinese nation from various stones, Chinese jade has the beauty and practical functions of being warm and lustrous, meticulous and tough. During this long selection process, "Jade from Kunshan" or "Hetian Jade" became recognized as "precious jade" and "real jade". China is a country that loves and worships jade. There are about a hundred sources of jade. The definition of real jade and non-real jade has long been reflected in the system of jade use in Chinese history. The emperor was the highest class in ancient China. When Hotan jade became real jade, it also became jade for emperors. After that, after countless years, Khotan jade became popular among the people. Hotan jade is a treasure of the Chinese nation and the "national stone" of China. It is like a bright pearl that radiates brilliant brilliance in Chinese history and culture and is a symbol of the moral spirit of the Chinese nation. Khotan jade has an inseparable relationship with the occurrence and development of Chinese civilization, and its origins can be said to be far-reaching. The latest research by Chinese archaeologists has verified and proposed that there was a Jade Age in China between the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, which was the origin of Chinese civilization. The achievements of jade culture far exceed silk culture, tea culture, porcelain culture, and wine culture. Jade culture contains the great national spirit, including the patriotic national spirit of "I would rather be a piece of jade"; the style of unity and friendship of "turning into jade and silk"; the moral character of selfless dedication of "moistening and warming"; and the integrity and integrity of "yu does not cover up flaws" ; The pioneering and enterprising spirit of “incorruptibility and perseverance”[1]. Connotation Chinese ancient jade not only has a long history, but also has far-reaching influence. Jade is closely related to the emergence and development of the history, politics, culture and art of the Chinese nation. It affects the concepts and customs of people of the Chinese nation from generation to generation, and affects China. The laws and regulations of various dynasties in history have influenced a large number of literature and historical works. The output and accumulation of single pieces of ancient Chinese jade from generation to generation, the ever-advancing jade production techniques, and the ideas, culture, and systems related to Chinese jade. All these material and spiritual things constitute China’s unique jade culture. It has become an important branch of the cultural treasure house of the Chinese nation and illuminates the world. To appreciate ancient Chinese jades, we must not only appreciate their craftsmanship value, but also study their profound cultural connotations.

We know that culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social development. Chinese jade culture is a branch of my country's national culture. It is also the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth with jade as the main content created by the working people of ancient my country in their long-term social practice. The emergence of Chinese jade culture has its historical inevitability, and there are many reasons for it. Moreover, different scholars may have different views from different perspectives. Here are some views on the causes of jade culture for the purpose of communicating with appreciators.

The primitive pursuit of beauty in the Stone Age

From a historical point of view, this constitutes an epoch-making symbol. [2] We can imagine that when our ancestors patiently and meticulously polished those crystal-colored "beautiful stones", they made them into shapes with a certain meaning, drilled a small hole, and even wore them with their own twists. Put a small rope around your neck or hang it on your chest. What a wonderful and moving scene it is. It shows that the ancients were pursuing beauty, and it symbolizes the belief and sustenance in people's thoughts.

Jade has incomparable beauty, incomparable hardness, and incomparable value. It is naturally connected with the concepts of supreme ancestors, supreme natural forces, and supreme ghosts and gods in the thoughts of ancient ancestors. Things like ancient amulets were created following this natural process. In the subsequent social development process, many myths and legends closely related to jade have emerged, which all show that in ancient people's thinking and imagination, a piece of beautiful jade has great influence on the world, the ancestors, and the ancestors. Lightning and thunder have indescribable connections and influence on all living things. This is indeed a very important leap. A large number of ancient written records and a large number of unearthed cultural relics all prove this historical fact: a piece of jade, a piece of small ornaments, a bit of the most primitive aesthetic consciousness and the earliest faith and piety are constantly endowed with It took on a new meaning, took on a new role, and finally gave birth to China's unique jade culture. The emergence of the Chinese state and the emergence of the jade culture state is a very complex social phenomenon that depends on many factors. However, through the study of jade, it is obvious that jade played a very important role in the emergence of the Chinese nation and played a great role in promoting it. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Jade promotes the emergence of civilized society

Jade promotes the emergence of civilized society, thus laying the foundation for the emergence of the country: Historical knowledge tells us that in Before the formation of a country, there must first be the emergence of a civilized society. Civilized society includes many phenomena and contents, such as the origin and application of writing, the formation of a class of laborers who specialize in treating people, the emergence of craftsmen and workshops, the emergence of religions and wizards, and the emergence of arts and crafts, decorative paintings and other works of art. A large number of creations and applications, etc. Among these many civilizational phenomena, jade has a unique and particularly eye-catching position compared with other cultural products.

Jade consciousness evolved into national consciousness

Some of the original consciousness of jade gradually evolved into national consciousness: Like the emergence of any country, China’s national history has also experienced a transformation from blood clan organizations to The evolution of regional organizations and the evolution from clan society to ancient cities. The process from village society to village group society and then to national politics is the general trajectory of the emergence of a country, in which the emergence and formation of national consciousness is the key. As a symbol of a clan and tribe, the jade totem represents that people at that time already had the consciousness of clans, organizations and regional organizations, and this consciousness must be further developed and expanded. The use of bronze ware promoted this development process. When the emergence of jade and the pursuit of it further developed, people gave jade a richer conceptual form and content. These concepts and content are no longer unique to a clan or a village, and they greatly transcend the boundaries of the clan region. , has become the most common belief and the most common worship among people in a considerable range. For example, jade bis and jade congs from the Jade Age can be widely unearthed in various regions of China, thus giving rise to the ideological phenomenon at the beginning of the founding of the country. , there are many descriptions of these phenomena in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and "Shangshu".

The political hierarchy represented by jade articles

The political value of ancient jade articles is reflected in the fact that ancient jade articles are the materialization of social hierarchy and the carrier of ancient people's moral and cultural concepts. The unearthed jade articles basically come from large and medium-sized tombs with status and status. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were regulations on the use of "Six Rui". Officials of 6 different statuses used 6 different kinds of jades, which are the so-called "Wang Zhi Zhen Gui" and "Gong Zhi". Huan Gui, Hou Zhi Xin Gui, Bo Zhi Gong Gui, Zi Zhi Gu Bi, Nan Zhi Pu Bi"; starting from the Qin Dynasty, the emperor adopted the system of using jade as the seal, which was followed to the Qing Dynasty; the Tang Dynasty clearly stipulated the use of jade by officials system, such as the jade belt system.

The nature of jade promotes the development of society

The nature of jade itself promotes the development of private ownership society: because of its rarity and rarity, jade became one of the few luxury goods for people at that time , is a symbol of power, status, and wealth. In order to obtain these things, the culture of plundering and possessing jade began.

The more who plundered and possessed, the higher the status. This process gradually evolved, and the relationship between people was enslaved and enslaved, and then the relationship between domination and being ruled came into being.

Other poems describing jade include "Pearls and jade should be passed down to the prosperous age, and gods are lucky to come to Yaotai". In "The Source of Immortals in the World", there is a sentence "The fragrance melts into the gold and valley wine, and the flowers are charming to the people in the jade hall". In "There is a phoenix coming to the ceremony." "There is a sentence in "A beautiful jade is honest at first, and it is worthy to wait for a phoenix". In Lin Daiyu's poem on the handkerchief, there is a sentence in "Throwing beads and rolling jade only to steal clothes, spending the day without intention to relax in the day", and "Half a Hunan curtain and half a "Closing the door, grinding ice into soil and jade into a basin", Tan Chun has a sentence "Jade is the spirit that is difficult to compare with purity, snow is the muscles and bones and it is easy to eliminate the soul", Jia Baoyu has "Taizhen ice makes a shadow when he comes out of the bath, and he is in love with Xizi" Xue Baochai's sentence "Jade is the soul", Xue Baochai's sentence "It's only when it is light that you know the flowers are more beautiful, how can you get jade without a trace when you are sad", and Shi Xiangyun's sentence "The gods came to the capital yesterday and planted a pot of Lantian jade". In Haitang Poetry Society, Bai Haitang is compared with jade's character, jade's spirit, and jade's beauty. At the same time, it also shows everyone's different thoughts, feelings and personality traits. Jade Culture

4. Taking the study of traditional Chinese jade culture as a starting point, combined with the author's description of the birth and calamity of psychic jade, is an important and effective way to conduct research on red science. Due to the profoundness of "A Dream of Red Mansions" and its great historical, literary and political value, many academic organizations for the study of Red Mansions have been established internationally. However, most of the researchers in these organizations are scholars of literature, history, politics and social sciences, and there are relatively few jade experts. Come take part in this study. The author believes that this may be the way for red science to achieve new progress [4].

Edit this paragraph The Origin of Chinese Jade

White Jade Pendant

According to research by archaeologists and historians: Chinese jades were born in the early Neolithic Age of primitive society. , has a history of seven or eight thousand years. According to the textual research of unearthed jade articles, the Hemudu Culture in Yuyao, Zhejiang, and the Hongshan Culture in the Liaohe River Basin around 4,000 to 5,000 BC, and the Yellow River Period were between 8,000 and 4,000 years ago. After that, jade articles and steel articles were used together for about 1,000 years, and jade articles were prevalent throughout the country. About 3000 years ago, my country was the first country in the world to use jade and it has been used for the longest time. It is known as the "country of jade".

Edit this paragraph on jade carving crafts

It can be said that the culture of jade is mainly reflected in jade carving craftsmanship. As the old saying goes, "If jade is not polished, it will not become a useful tool." Any piece of good jade can only be given new value and charm after artificial carving. Zhuoyixuan Hetian jade represents my country's jade carving craftsmanship, which has a long history and is recognized by the world. As early as the stage of primitive society, our ancestors used jade to make production tools such as arrowheads, spears, knives, axes, shovels, etc. and various jade carving decorations, such as the Neolithic Age site in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang, discovered in 1973 , 28 of which are made of jade and fluorite, such as Huang, tubes and beads, and have a history of 7,000 years. In the slave society, that is, during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, jade carving craftsmanship made new progress, with fine carvings and beautiful patterns, and new jade carving ornaments with images of fish, turtles, birds, animal faces, rabbits, silkworms, etc. appeared. Common patterns include Kui dragon pattern, flat chi pattern, cloud and thunder pattern, curved pattern, checkered pattern, etc. Especially the emergence of jade carving's Yangwen lines at that time was a great leap in technical processing. The exquisite jade carving techniques of the ancients fully reflected the jade culture.

Edit this paragraph on the development path of jade culture

The word "jade" originated from the oldest writing in my country, in the oracle bones and bells and tripods of the Shang Dynasty. There are nearly 500 characters for jade in Chinese characters, and there are countless words composed with jade. The Chinese characters for treasure are all related to jade. The word "bao" that has been passed down in later generations is "jade" and "home". The combined character of "jade" means that "jade" is privately owned and shows its irreplaceable value in jade culture. The word "jade" is a beautiful and noble word in the minds of the ancients. In ancient poetry and prose, jade is often used to metaphor and describe all beautiful people or things.

For example: words that use jade to describe people include jade appearance, jade face, jade girl, graceful standing, etc.; words that use jade to describe objects include jade meal, jade food, jade spring, etc.; idioms composed of jade include golden and jade good relationship, golden rule, round and round jade, throwing bricks to attract jade. etc. There are folk legends and stories about jade such as "He's Wall", "Hongmen Banquet", "Playing Jade and Playing the Flute", "Nuwa Mending the Sky", etc. There are even more people who name their beloved children after jade. For example, Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu have never tired of reading the touching "Dream of Red Mansions" for many years. It was Cao Xueqin who placed his ideals in life on this piece of beautiful jade. His love for jade has taken root in the hearts of the Chinese people. deep roots. The ancients said: "If jade enters the country, it will be an important weapon of the country; if jade enters the home, it will be a treasure handed down from generation to generation." Xiuyan jade is produced in Xiuyan, Liaoning Province, China. Xiuyan County is a Feng Shui treasure land with beautiful mountains and clear waters, rich products, and good collectors. After millions of years of natural evolution, the essence of millions of years of sun, moon, mountains and rivers has been condensed, thus creating the world-famous national treasure - Xiuyan Jade. Xiu jade is produced under the ground veins with sufficient earth spirit. During the formation process of thousands of years, it has absorbed the essence of heaven and earth and the aura of nature. Therefore, in addition to its own collectible value, it also has great value in Feng Shui. Jade is a natural mineral. Minerals are a very distinctive component of traditional Chinese medicine. It is also a traditional culture with a long history and splendid jade culture. In recent years, Xiuyu has been carefully designed by skilled craftsmen to produce handicrafts, health care products and various jade sauna boards, building boards and other jade products. Not only are they highly recognized and best-selling in the domestic market, but they have also entered South Korea, the United States, Japan, and Poland. and other international markets.