Ancient prose describing spring, as long as ancient prose.

1. Travels of Manjing

1. Original text:

Travels of Manjing

Yuan Hongdao in the Ming Dynasty was cold in the Yan, and after the Flower Festival, the residual cold was still strong. The cold wind is often blowing, and a flying sand is blowing. Make yourself at home in a room and want to go out. Every time the wind runs, it returns without the pot calling the pot.

on the 22nd, it was a little sunny, and I went straight to the east with several friends until the well was full. The tall willows stood beside the bank, and the fertile land was moist, open and open, as if to escape the cage of the swans. At that time, the ice skin began to melt, the waves were bright, the scales and waves were layered, and the bottom was crystal clear, as if the mirror were newly opened and the cold light came out of the box. The mountains were washed by the melted snow on a sunny day, as if they had just been wiped; Delicate and beautiful, like a beautiful girl washed her face in a neat bun.

the wicker is not comfortable, the cloak is soft, and the wheat field is shallow. Although tourists are not strong, using the spring tea drink, with the wine glass singing, wearing a donkey donkey, can also be seen at times. Although the wind is still strong, but walking is sweaty. All the birds that bask in the sun on the beach, the fish floating on the surface of the water, and all the animals have the breath of joy. I know that there is no spring outside the country, but the people who live in the city don't know.

The only person who can't wander between rocks and vegetation is this official. And this place is close to me, I will travel from now on, how can I not describe? Ming dynasty, February 27, February.

2. Translation:

The climate around Beijing is cold. After the Flower Festival in February every year, the residual cold is still very strong. The cold wind often blows, and when it blows, sand and stones fly. (people) are confined to one room and want to go out, but it doesn't work. Every time I walk fast in the wind, I am forced to return before I can walk a hundred steps.

On the 22nd, the weather was slightly warmer. I went out of Dongzhimen with some friends and arrived at Manjing. Tall willows stand beside the embankment, and the fertile land is a little wet. At first glance, it is empty and open, and it seems like a swan escaping from its cage. At this time, the thin ice on the river just melted, and the waves just began to shine. The waves like fish scales were layer by layer, so clear that you could see the bottom of the river, and the water was sparkling like the newly opened dressing case, and the cold light suddenly came out of the dressing case. The mountains were washed by the snow melting on sunny days, and the beautiful appearance seemed to have just been wiped; Bright and beautiful, bright and charming, like a beautiful girl washing her face and just combing her hair.

The wicker is about to stretch, but it hasn't. The soft tips are scattered in the wind, which is about an inch high like the hairy (wheat seedling) on the neck of an animal. Although there are not many tourists, people who draw water to make tea, sing with wine glasses and ride donkeys in colorful clothes can always see them. Although the wind is still strong, you will sweat when you walk empty-handed. Birds basking in the sun on the beach, fish swimming on the water, all are carefree, and all animals smell of joy. Only then did I know that there is no spring outside the countryside, but people living in the city don't know (such a change)

I won't delay my official business because of playing. I'm the only leisure official who can play freely among rocks and plants. Moreover, this place full of wells is just close to my residence, and my outing is going to start here. How can it not be described? This is February of the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty.

3. Appreciation:

Point out the seasons and places at the beginning. The old custom in Yandi is to celebrate the Flower Festival on February 15th in the lunar calendar. On this day, people will go to the wild to enjoy the spring scenery. However, after the Flower Festival this year, the residual cold is still very severe, which shows that the weather in the north is cold and spring is late.

The author writes about a spring outing, but he can't swim first. It reflects the author's literary ideas of "not sticking to the rules" and "what people can't send". Next, following the above words, "The cold is still strong", I will focus on the severity of sandstorms. The wind is a "freezing wind", which has the feeling of freezing ice; And it often blows. When the wind blows, the sand flies and it is almost impossible to go out.

as soon as you go out, you can't stop going back in less than a hundred paces. This is about the contradiction between longing to travel and not being able to travel. The author is a person who likes to travel and loves to move. The Flower Festival has passed, and I don't know what the flowers are like. Therefore, the intention of traveling in the spring has long been unbearable, but it has been blocked by the cold wind and gravel, so I have to "squeeze in one room". I can imagine my frustration and depression.

below, the author recounts the happy spring scenery he saw when he toured the well with his friends on the 22nd. The words "It will be fine on the 22nd" describe the weather and mood. The word "harmony" not only describes the warmth of the weather, but also reveals the thawing of the author's mood, so he immediately went out to Dongzhimen with several friends and went to Manjing. "The high willows sandwich the embankment, and the earth paste is slightly moist", which is what you see when you leave the suburbs;

a person who is "confined indoors and can't get out" suddenly comes to the wild, sees the tall willows on both sides of the embankment, and smells the fragrance of moist soil, and his heart can't help but overflow with the joy of spring. He looked around the countryside, a vast, happy mood like a bird out of its cage, flying to the vast spring Yuan Ye. "If you get rid of the cage", the mandarin fish is a swan, which is to describe the joy of getting rid of the cramped situation.

Write the beauty of spring water with the words "the ice skin begins to melt". "The ice skin begins to melt, and the waves are bright at first sight", using the dual sentence pattern, points out that the residual cold has receded, the thin ice has disappeared, and the spring water has begun to show a clear color. The words "beginning" and "at first glance" are very appropriate to fasten the scene of early spring. "Scales and waves layer upon layer, crystal clear, crystal clear as a new mirror, and cold light suddenly comes out of the box." It is written that the breeze blows over the water, rippling like fish scales, and the clear water shines, as if the dressing case had just been opened in the morning, reflecting the clear light of the mirror.

the "new opening" and "new opening" of "mirror" and "cold light suddenly emerging", and the "first opening" and "first opening" and "first opening" of "ice at the beginning and waves at the beginning" describe the starting point of a day and the starting point of a year, which echo each other and have the same sense of urgency. In addition, the newly opened mirror is used to compare the bright spring water, which looks beautiful and ironed.

The phrase "Mountains are washed by clear snow" is about the beauty of spring mountains. The snow in the mountains was melted by the sunny day, and the lush mountains looked fresh and bright as if they had been washed, as if a beautiful woman who had just washed her face was combing her bun. The word "beginning" of "beginning" indicates that the beauty is just wearing makeup in the morning. This metaphor, compared with the above metaphor of spring water with a mirror, refers to mountains and water, respectively, but they are connected in one breath, bringing out the beauty of dressing in the mirror from the mirror, which integrates spring mountains and spring water and gives people a harmonious aesthetic feeling of mutual growth.

after writing about water and mountains, turn to writing about plants. Willow is a sensitive messenger of spring and a symbol of spring scenery. "The wicker will not relax", writing that the willow buds have just vomited, and the branches are light yellow and green, just like blossoming buds, and they want to open and close, which has a unique charm. "Soft-tipped cloak" describes the dynamic beauty of willows. The gentle willow tip, although it has not yet hung down thousands of golden threads, has already danced against the low spring breeze. Write the charm of willow in early spring with the word "soft" and "draped", which is very vivid.

these words are written about willows, in response to the previous sentence "high willows sandwich the embankment", so as to make further appreciation. "The wheat field is shallow and shallow" responds to the previous sentence "the soil paste is slightly moist", and the line of sight is from high to low: on the endless flat domain, the light green wheat seedlings have poked their heads out of the fragrant soil, just an inch long, as neat as a short horse mane. The author clearly shows the characteristics of the scenery and his own aesthetic feelings with extremely concise words, and every sentence is permeated with joyful feelings.

the above paragraphs are written from the first impression when I first arrived in the wild, and then the beauty of spring water, spring mountains, willows and wheat seedlings are displayed layer by layer, which constitutes a picture of the early spring scenery in the northern suburbs, which is the first level to describe the early spring scenery.

Then write about tourists in early spring. Just after the cold, the spring has not arrived, and there are not many tourists. But spring came after all, and the first group of picnickers followed. The author wrote several modes of tourists: "The person who is famous for his spring tea" drinks spring water to make tea, which is elegant and leisurely; The "singer" sings while drinking, which is generous and happy; "Dressed in red", a woman dressed in gorgeous clothes, riding a donkey slowly, appears calm and comfortable.

"from time to time" means you can often see it. This sentence is reversed by the sentence "although tourists are not prosperous", which shows that there are quite a few people who are wandering in the spring. The author obviously appreciates and has a good impression on these tourists who first came to the suburbs to seek spring. "Although the wind is not strong, you will sweat on foot." These two sentences are to express your feelings. Although the wind in the suburbs is still a little strong, you can clearly feel the warmth of spring when you swim on foot.

This section starts with the tourists and writes about various modes of enjoying themselves, which is no different from a picture of a spring outing in the countryside. They not only appreciate the earliest spring scenery, but also add a lot of vitality and warmth to the scenery of spring returns after Yu Han's early retirement. This flashback pen has become the second level to describe the scenery in early spring.

Write the words "birds exposed to sand" to describe the creatures in nature. "Birds exposed to sand" refers to birds sunbathing on the beach; "The scale of sipping waves" refers to the fish breathing in the water waves. Exposing sand, describing the tranquility of birds; Xialang, depicting the freedom and innocence of fish. The author summarizes the feeling of leisure and self-satisfaction of creatures in spring through the modality of fish and birds moving and being quiet.

He even found and felt that there was a "jubilation" between the feathers of birds and the scales and fins of fish. The so-called "portrayal of mountains and rivers, vivid for fish and birds", the author used the means of painters and the sensitivity of poets to write the early spring scenery alive. This section focuses on the creatures of nature and constitutes the third level of spring scenery description.

Through the description of the above three levels, an aesthetic conclusion is drawn: "You know that there is no spring before the beginning, but the city dwellers don't know it." Spring is outside the suburbs, and people living in the city don't know it yet. Compared with the beginning, "I am confined to one room, but I can't get out", I can feel the author's comfort. Outside the suburbs, he experienced the breath of early spring and the vigorous vitality of nature, and his depression and coldness were swept away at this time.

In addition, this is in sharp contrast with the previous scene of "doing it in freezing wind, flying sand and gravel". "There is no spring until you know the countryside", which is the conclusion of the author's outing. The word "beginning to know" is derived from the deep feeling of seeing god. That is to say, when he stood outside the suburban fields and bathed in the beautiful spring, he felt some regrets for those who had been living in the city for a long time and could not feel the breath of early spring. Its implication is not limited to the perception of spring scenery, but contains good feelings that arouse people to get rid of worldly customs and yearn for nature.

write the above scenery, people, fish and birds, and then shoot people themselves. "It is only this official who can walk between rocks and vegetation without swimming." I'm the only official who can roam freely among the rocks and plants without delaying my business because of playing.

At that time, he was working as an instructor of Shuntian Mansion School, which was an idle job, so he had time to indulge himself and was not afraid of delaying his official business. The word "only this official" has a sense of pride and masturbation. He is not annoyed by the fact that the official is idle, but he is deeply grateful that there is no vulgar feudal officialdom habit, which reveals Yuan Zhonglang's unique temperament and personality and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of longing for returning to nature.

at the end, "this place is suitable and close to others" literally means that this place is just close to his residence, but the word "close" not only refers to the similarity of space distance, but also refers to the similarity of temperament and character. This reflects the feeling of blending things and people, such as meeting friends. "Yu's tour will start from here", which means that this tour full of wells will be a memorable beginning, and write down this beautiful first impression.

The purpose of putting feelings into words is to consolidate memory and look back from time to time, which fully reveals the author's concern and cherish. As a matter of fact, the author has been writing Wanli for twenty-six years (1598), and has swam across the well and written a poem. But he said here that "the tour of Yu will begin from now on." This is probably because the feeling this time is particularly profound, so take it as a beautiful beginning. Finally, it is pointed out that the time to write this travel note is "February in Jihai", which is February in the twenty-seventh year of Wanli (1599).

This travel note is also distinctive in artistic techniques.

one side is the use of line drawing. The author writes the scenery without making up words, but outlines it with extremely concise brushwork. For example, the water is written as "the waves are bright at first sight, the scales are layers of waves, and the bottom is crystal clear", and the wicker is written as "a cloak with a soft tip." This method of expression, without exaggeration, rendering and contrast, is vivid and picturesque.

On the other hand, personification and figurative figures of speech. The author wrote mountains, used beautiful women's new makeup as metaphors, and wrote fish and birds, saying that they were full of joy, all in anthropomorphic ways. This kind of expression method can increase the dynamic or "aura" of the scene, and at the same time integrate the author's subjective feelings. Personifying the scenery is a common method of scenery writing in Yuan Hongdao.

in this article, this writing is also very prominent. Although the expressive method of metaphor is very common, Yuan Hongdao has his own novelty in using it. In this travelogue, metaphors are mostly used to write landscapes, such as the sentences that describe mountains and waters analyzed above; However, some people write about people (themselves), such as describing themselves as "caged fish" These metaphors are appropriate because they come from the author's deep experience and feelings.

This travel note describes the weather in the early spring in the north, which not only conveys the gods of mountains and rivers, but also fills the author's carefree and longing feelings everywhere. The author begins with the story of not seeing spring in the city, then writes about exploring spring in the suburbs, and writes the attractive scenery of early spring in the suburbs step by step. Finally, he concludes: "I know that beyond the suburban fields, there is no spring before the beginning, but the city dwellers don't know it." At the beginning, the response was cramped, and there was a great difference between bitterness and joy, which showed the author's natural and unrestrained feelings of rejecting the noisy and dusty city life and placing his trust in mountains and rivers. This kind of free and easy feeling permeates the whole scenery writing, which makes the words have a fresh and quiet pastoral atmosphere.

2. Spring Fu

1. Original text:

"Spring Fu" Yuxin in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

Yichun Garden has returned in the middle of spring and is dressed as a spring dress in the fragrant hall. Birds sing a thousand kinds of mail in the New Year, and flowers fly all over the road in February. Heyang county is a flower, and Jingu is never full of trees. A clump of herbs is enough to hinder people, and a few feet of gossamer is the root. Enter the forest and compete, and cross the river bridge.

out of the golden house of Lihua, out of the blue words of feiyan. Many women are stunned, tall and afraid of the wind. The eyebrows will compete for green with willows, while the faces will compete for red with peaches. Shadows come into the pool and flowers fall into the shirt.

the moss turns green and hides the fish, while the wheat turns green and covers the pheasant. "Blow Xiao to make a slim stand, and admire the water of Ling Bo. If you move from the family to the family, you will be rich, and if you enter Xinfeng, your wine will be beautiful. Pomegranate chat pan, Pu Tao sour cool Lu Furong jade wan, lotus seed gold cup. New shoots of bamboo shoots, Myrica rubra. Green Pearl holds the piano, and Wen Jun brings the wine.

the jade tube is tuned at the beginning, and the string is sounded temporarily. The songs of "Yangchun" and "Lushui" are the dances of phoenix returning to Luan. More sheng spring, but also move the Zheng column. The moon enters the song fan, and the flowers bear the drums. A captain Xie Law shot Langzhong. Park in Xiaoyuan, even ride Changyang. The golden saddle begins to be covered, and the bow is new. "Blow the dust to see Ma Chui," points friends into the hall. The horse is the dragon species of Tianchi, and the belt is the jade beam of Jingshan Mountain. Yan Jin An Tian Lu, New Ling Weaves Phoenix.

In three days, the meandering water flows to Hejin, and in the next day, the river side is full of solutions. Forest travelers flow under the tree, and people cross the water at the sand head. Thin shirt sleeves, beaded scarf. A hundred feet of hills are dying, so don't go home until you are drunk. The shadow in the pool is better than the mirror, and the clothes in the room are not as fragrant as flowers.

2. Translation:

Spring has returned to Yichun Garden, and new clothes for a spring outing are being made in Pixiang Hall. The trees are full of birds singing at the beginning of the new year, and the poplars are flying all over the road with the spring breeze in February. Just like in Heyang County, there are flowers everywhere; It's like walking into the golden valley garden with green trees. Clusters of herbs hinder people's footsteps, and the floating hairspring seems to block the road in front of them. Beautiful women are going to enter Shanglinyuan and compete to cross the river bridge.

Some are from the Golden House in Yin Lihua, and some are from the Orchid Palace in Zhao Feiyan. he