What are the main types of ancient buildings in my country? Name their representative works respectively
China has a vast territory and many ethnic groups. Different regions and cultures have given birth to different styles of residential forms, which have evolved into various architectural factions. According to different styles and uses, traditional Chinese architecture can be divided into the following Six major categories: Hui School, Fujian School, Beijing School, Su School, Jin School and Sichuan School.
1 Huizhou style
The most representative Huizhou houses are Xidi and Hongcun in Yi County. They were included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000. The architectural styles of Huizhou folk houses include the "Three Uniques" (residences, ancestral halls, and archways) and the "Three Carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings). Green tiles and white walls are the outstanding impressions of Huizhou architecture.
In addition to the basic shape of high-walled houses, the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses are centered on the patio. On rainy days, rainwater falls from the four roofs into the patio. It is commonly known as "four waters return to the hall", which is also vividly It reflects the Huizhou merchants' mentality of "don't let the rich water flow out of the fields".
2 Fujian style
Min style houses are an architectural style popular in southern Fujian, of which "earth buildings" are its most distinctive representatives. Fujian earth buildings are found in most parts of the province, especially in Zhangzhou and Longyan areas in southwestern Fujian. They are a type of residential building for ethnic groups to live in and have defensive properties.
In general, single buildings are large in scale. Common types include round buildings, square buildings, Wufeng buildings (mansion style), palace-style buildings, etc. The buildings have complete production, living and defense facilities, among which the most Famous ones include the Eryi Building in Hua'an, the Chengqi Building, Zhencheng Building, Kuiju Building, and Fuyu Building in Yongding, the Hegui Building and Tianluokeng Tulou Group in Nanjing, and the Shengwu Building in Pinghe, etc., all of which are from Fujian. Typical representative.
3 Beijing Style
Beijing style architecture is the most typical of courtyard houses in northern China, and courtyard houses are the most typical of Beijing style buildings. Siheyuan is a traditional residence in Beijing and even North China. The construction of a quadrangle is very particular about Feng Shui. From site selection and positioning to determining the specific scale of each building, all must be carried out according to Feng Shui theory.
The basic characteristic of a courtyard house is that the houses and courtyards are arranged symmetrically along the north-south axis, facing south. The main door is usually opened in the southeast corner, and there is a screen wall inside the door so that outsiders cannot see the activities in the courtyard. The Beijing area has a warm temperate, semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with cold winters and little snow, and spring droughts and lots of wind and sand. Therefore, the design of the residences focuses on insulation, cold protection, and wind and sand avoidance. Brick walls are built around the perimeter. The entire courtyard is surrounded by houses and walls, with hard gable roofs. , the walls and roof are relatively thick.
4 Su style houses
Su style houses refer to the architectural style in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas. They are a culmination of northern and southern architectural styles. Garden-style layout is one of its distinctive features. The Supai style houses are mainly oriented to the south, so they can have the wind facing the sun in winter and the wind in summer to enjoy the coolness. They are full of the charm of the ancient culture of the Jiangnan water town.
The traditional Chinese garden layout pursues the theory of twists and turns: garden-style layout pays attention to structure, with deep twists and turns, twists and turns in direct exposure, and ups and downs in soothing places.
5 Jinpai
Jinpai is just a general term. It refers not only to Shanxi but also to parts of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. However, among these areas, the architectural style in Shanxi is more Mature. Jin style architecture can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the urban architecture in Shanxi, which is the Jin style architecture in a narrow sense; the other is the cave dwelling architecture in northern Shaanxi and surrounding areas, which is also the most widely distributed type of architecture in the northwest region. style.
In history, Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants have shone brightly in the history of Chinese trade, and formed their own architectural styles based on the accumulation of countless wealth. Hui-style architecture has been introduced above. Jin-style architecture is similar to Hui-style architecture in style, with the same high walls, deep courtyards, white walls and black tiles, and four waterways. The overall style of Jin style architecture is rough and similar to that of Beijing style.
6 Sichuan Style
Sichuan style architecture, an architectural style popular in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, is a unique architectural style of local ethnic minorities. Among them, the stilted houses in folk houses in western Sichuan are the most typical. The climate in the south is humid, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and there are many snakes and insects on the ground. Therefore, when the enemy lived in it, they gradually evolved a unique architectural style - stilted buildings.
The stilted building is supported by wooden piles or stones, with floor slabs on top, and the four walls are either made of wooden boards or bamboo rafts coated with plaster. The roof is tiled or thatched. Most of the windows of the stilted building face the river, so it is also called Wangjiang Building. The stilted building is the development of ancient nest dwellings. Among the Sichuan-style architecture, the Bamboo Tower of the Dai ethnic group and the Drum Tower of the Dong ethnic group are distinctive representatives