How to judge whether it is an idiom?
What is an idiom?
A stereotyped phrase or phrase that is part of the language vocabulary. Chinese idioms have fixed structural forms and fixed sayings, which express a certain meaning and are used as a whole in sentences. For example:
To be concise and concise, to move forward courageously, to complement each other and to seek truth from facts
To be tireless in teaching people, to seek fish at the critical moment over the years
To cut off the feet to fit the shoes A large part of it is inherited from ancient times, and the wording is often different from modern Chinese. Among them are sentences from ancient books, phrases compressed from ancient articles, and idioms commonly spoken by the people. Some meanings can be understood literally, while others are difficult to understand literally, especially allusive ones. Such as "the cows are full of sweat", "the tiger is perched on the dragon's pan", "the mountain is coming back", "the grass and trees are all soldiers", etc., occupy a certain proportion in Chinese idioms. Chinese has a long history and has many idioms, which is also a characteristic of Chinese.
An idiom is a ready-made word, similar to idioms and proverbs, but also slightly different. The most important point is that idioms and proverbs are of a spoken nature, while idioms mostly come from writing and are of a literary nature. Secondly, in terms of language form, idioms are almost all conventional four-character structures, and the words cannot be changed at will, while idioms and proverbs are always looser and can be more or less, not limited to four characters. For example, "cutting the mess with a sharp knife", "the power of nine oxen and two tigers", "the donkey's lip is not as good as the horse's mouth", "fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind" are often said idioms; "seeing is worth hearing a hundred times", "True gold is not afraid of fire", "Where there is a will, there is a way", and "A long journey will reveal the power of a horse, but time will reveal a person's heart". These are some words of experience that express a complete meaning and belong to the category of proverbs. Idioms are different from idioms and proverbs.
Most idioms have a certain origin. For example, "the fox fakes the tiger's power" comes from "Warring States Policy·Chu Ce", "snipe and clam fight" comes from "Yan Ce", "adding extra footwork to the snake" comes from "Qi Ce", "carving a boat to seek a sword" comes from "Lu Shi Chun Qiu· Cha Jin" , "self-contradiction" comes from "Han Feizi·Nanshi", and they are all ancient fables. For example, "returning the perfect jade to Zhao" comes from "Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru", "breaking cauldrons and sinking boats" comes from "Historical Records: The Benji of Xiang Yu", "every tree and grass are soldiers" comes from "Book of Jin: Records of Fu Jian", "killing two birds with one stone" comes from "History of the North" "The Biography of Changsun Sheng" and "The Sweet Mouth and the Sword in the Belly" come from "The Biography of Li Linfu in the Book of Tang Dynasty", and they are all stories in history. As for intercepting sentences from ancient books and using them as four-character idioms, it is more common. For example, "in an orderly manner" is taken from "Shangshu·Pangeng" "If the outline is in the outline, it will be orderly and orderly", and "drawing inferences from one example to other cases" is taken from "The Analects of Confucius·Shu'er" "If one example is taken from one corner, if it is not repeated by three corners, it will not be repeated." , "Heart-broken and bitter" is taken from "Zuo Zhuan" in the 13th year of Chenggong's reign. "Separate courts to fight against etiquette", "servile and servile" are taken from "Baopuzi·Communication" by Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty, "Those who regard Yue Zhi as an independent person are stingy and clumsy, and those who are servile and servile as an understanding of the world", "Be confident" are taken from Su Shi's "Wen Yu" of the Song Dynasty "The Story of Yanzhu in Yuandang Valley" "To draw bamboo, you must first have the bamboo in your heart." The list goes on and on. There are also many others who use ancient articles to form sentences. For example, "worried" comes from "The Book of Songs·Zhaonan·CaoChong", "externally strong but internally capable" comes from "Zuo Zhuan" in the fifteenth year of Duke Xi's reign, "waiting for work with ease" comes from "Sun Tzu·Military Struggle", "getting to the bottom of things" comes from Su Shi's "Hou Chibi Fu", "Meet by chance" comes from "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" by Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty, and "unbreakable" comes from "Ping Huaixi Stele" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty.
Some four-character idioms commonly spoken by people can also be classified as idioms. Such as "talking about words", "sloppily speaking", "contrary to the rules", "not three or four", "outspoken", etc., which have the same structure as idioms. There are also some idioms that appear as a result of accepting foreign cultures. Such as "the sky is falling", "a wake-up call", "unbelievable", and "the only way" are all.
Idioms are generally in four-character format, and those that are not four-character are less common. Such as "Fifty steps lead to laughter at a hundred steps", "Haste makes waste", "The drunkard's intention is not to drink". Idioms generally use four characters, which is related to the syntactic structure of Chinese itself and the predominance of monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese.
The four-character grammatical structure mainly has the following forms:
Subject-predicate form: worthy of the name, domineering, unfounded, and confident;
Verb-object form: good at teaching others , incomprehensible, regarded as a daunting road;
Combined subject-predicate form: earth-shaking, water-shaking, dancing;
Combined verb-object form: know yourself and the enemy, recharge your batteries, guard against mistakes, give orders;
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Coupled noun form: carelessness, going in the wrong direction, looking through the mirror;
Coupled verb form: making rapid progress, moving forward courageously;
Verb and complement form: getting away with it, asking questions blindly;< /p>
Conjunctive expression: beggar-thy-neighbor, intimidating.
The structures of idioms are diverse, and the above are just simple examples. Idioms play a vivid, concise and vivid role in language expression. It itself has many metaphors, contrasts and emphatic wording methods.
For example, "Yang serves Yin but violates", "Externally strong but internally strong", "Colorful", "Half-knowledge", "Battery", "Worrying about gains and losses", "Shuddering", etc. each have their own wonderful uses. Therefore, writers pay great attention to the use of idioms.