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The national flower of China is?

China national flower

Definition of national flower

The national flower refers to the flower with its own famous flower as the national symbol, which is the symbol of a country, national culture and spirit. Although it is not written into the constitution, it is highly valued by people of all countries, which reflects their love for the motherland and strong national feelings and can enhance national cohesion.

The history of national flower

1903, the Qing dynasty pardoned peony as the national flower; 19 15 edition of Cihai contains: "Peony is the national flower of China"; 1929, the former national government designated plum blossom as the national flower.

"The national color is full of wine, and the clothes are dyed at night." Peony's national beauty and fragrance have been praised by people since ancient times. The cultivation history of peony was recorded as early as Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the cultivation techniques of peony had made great progress. In the Tang Dynasty, peony was more beautiful and was known as the "Flower King". "Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease. I watch Chang 'an flowers all day. "The Chang 'an flowers here are peony flowers. The Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing and planted peonies everywhere in Gokurakuji. In the Qing Dynasty, a prince went to Gokurakuji to watch peony and inscribed it as "National Flower Temple". It can be seen that in Qing Dynasty, peony was crowned as the national flower.

Peony, with its unique charm of elegance, richness and dignity, has been known as "national beauty and fragrance" and "king of flowers" since ancient times, and has become the "national flower" of China.

Peony was first named peony. It was not separated from Paeonia lactiflora until Qin and Han Dynasties. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties began to flourish, and its cultivation history exceeded 1500 years. Peony is known as "rich flower" and "hundred taels of gold". It means "auspicious things" and "happy flowers". Peony also has the spirit of the times and national cultural characteristics, symbolizing the prosperity of our country and nation, the reality of people's happy life and their tireless pursuit.

At present, peony planting has been inspected in many places in China, which has promoted local economic development and increased farmers' income. When the seventh Peony Flower Festival was held in Chaohu City, Xia, Mayor of Chaohu City, pointed out: "The purpose of it (Peony Flower Festival) is to build a cultural platform, sing opera economically and sing opera with science and technology."

Why are you so nervous about which flower can be selected as the national flower? Some insiders have analyzed that there are other interests besides the love of flowers and flower culture. Once a flower is awarded the glorious title of "national flower", it and the development of related cultures, industries and trade associations will receive unprecedented attention, and its economic benefits are immeasurable.

National flower selection

At present, China has not yet decided whether to use peony distributed in the Yellow River valley or plum blossom distributed in the Yangtze River valley as the national flower in the modern sense, and the relevant parties in China are hesitant about this. Peony symbolizes elegance and elegance, which does not conform to the current national economic situation and the "frugality" advocated by the government; Plum blossom symbolizes perseverance and introversion, which is slightly different from the open national policy. Behind the uncertainty of the national flower, it seems that the above-mentioned conceptual conflict is at work.

1986165438+1October 20th, the "Top Ten Traditional Flowers in China" was jointly sponsored by Shanghai Culture Publishing House, Shanghai Landscape Architecture Society, Editorial Department of Landscape Architecture magazine and Friends of Life column of Shanghai TV Station. The selection results were plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum and orchid in turn. Because this famous flower selection activity in China has formed a 1 14 expert jury headed by Professor Chen Junyu, which is a nationwide selection, and because the result was obtained in 1987, it is often called "1987 China Top Ten Famous Flowers Selection Activity".

However, some people have questioned that the most important thing in choosing the national flower is to have a set of open and fair procedures and standards, and at the same time, to have the broad participation of the whole people. Imagine if, like 1986, the public's enthusiasm for participation has not been mobilized at all, and more than one billion citizens only cast a pitiful vote of150,000, but they want to introduce such a selection result without extensive participation to the world as a nationally recognized "national X". Is this selection activity rallying or disintegrating the public's patriotic enthusiasm?

It is also known that according to the Proposal No.0440 (1994) of the Second Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, "Suggestions on Developing the National Flower Evaluation in China as soon as possible", it was approved and transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture, and the China Flower Association was instructed to take charge of the specific organization work. In March of the same year, a national flower selection leading group was set up with the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Vice Chairman Chen as honorary leader and He Kang as leader, and a national flower selection activity was carried out nationwide. After discussion by the expert group, the selection conditions of China National Flower are determined as follows:

(1) has a long history of cultivation and strong adaptability, and it is influential in most parts of China and occupies a leading position in the world.

(2) The posture and color characteristics of flowers can reflect the excellent tradition and personality characteristics of the Chinese nation.

(3) It is widely used, loved by the broad masses of people and has high social, environmental and economic benefits.

Since the China Flower Association organized and led the discussion on the national flower in all parts of the country, China Flower News has successively published the news that many famous people and the masses have had a heated discussion on the selection of the national flower. According to the publication of China Flower News, plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, rose, rhododendron, camellia, lotus, osmanthus fragrans, Chinese narcissus, pomegranate, wintersweet, spring jasmine, peach blossom, rhododendron, Clivia, day lily, Daphne, Lagerstroemia indica and Gardenia have been nominated as candidates for China's national flowers. After nearly ten months of discussion, the task has been successfully completed.

From the results reported by 3 1 province, autonomous region and municipality (including Shenzhen Special Zone), there are 18 provinces in favor of "one country, one flower", accounting for 58.06%. There are 1 1 in the provinces in favor of four flowers in one country (peony, plum blossom, chrysanthemum and lotus), accounting for 35.48%. Two provinces put forward a new plan of four flowers, that is, exchanging orchids for lotus flowers, accounting for 6.45%. After careful study, the National Leading Group for National Flower Selection unanimously agreed that "Peony" is the national flower of China. Other popular orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum blossom (winter) are the four famous flowers in China. In this way, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are divided into four seasons, and peony is the chief. The national flower and the famous flowers of the four seasons form the trend of holding the moon with many stars, which can better reflect the spirit of prosperity, integrity and nobility of our Chinese nation. The results and details of the above selection were reported to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) by the Ministry of Agriculture in accordance with the procedures, with a view to deliberation and promulgation at the 1995 National People's Congress. After the news came out, it aroused the strong indignation of Academician Chen Junyu and others, and immediately held a press conference to resolutely oppose the decision to designate peony as the national flower. As a result, the National People's Congress shelved the decision of peony as the national flower on the grounds of "too great disagreement". At this point, the mass national flower selection activity has come to an end.

In this selection from 65438 to 0994, two major peony bases in China-Luoyang City, Heze City, Shandong Province, and Peony Branch of China Flower Association-jointly established the National Peony Competition Office with representatives from more than ten provinces and cities that use peony as the city flower or produce and study peony. Luoyang has set up a "leading group" headed by the mayor himself and attended by Beijing, Xi, Shaanxi, Shandong and Heze. , jointly established the "National Peony Competition Office", and the four parties "lobbied" to promote peony to become the national flower.

In recent years, in Luoyang, Henan Province, Heze, Shandong Province, Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, Changshu, Jiangsu Province and other cities with peony as their endorsements, the "China Peony Tour" tourism cooperation alliance has been specially established to support peony to become the national flower, and the first declaration on promoting peony to become the national flower has been issued.

The main views of all parties on the national flower

Peony and plum blossom are also different in culture. Peony is popular and represents the appreciation taste of the general public. Compared with the group appreciation taste of peony, viewing plum blossom is more of an individual aesthetic experience, because it has always been dominated by sensitive intellectuals. There is no doubt that plum blossom and its symbolic spirit are endowed by intellectuals of past dynasties. When times are bad, they expect themselves to be plum blossoms and personify them, even "plum-wife cranes". In addition to hard work, the poor and limited sensory entertainment of the general public will inevitably point to something with strong colors and celebrations, such as peony, and the "thinness" of plum blossoms in the aesthetic sense may not even arouse their inner voices. (Selected from Li Fang's "The Battle of Peony and Plum Blossom")

The two meetings were in sharp contrast.

On September 20th, 2005, China Horticultural Society, Beijing Landscape Architecture Society and Shanghai Landscape Architecture Society jointly held the "China National Flower Selection Seminar" in Beijing. Most delegates supported the choice of peony and plum blossom as the "dual national flowers" of China. However, there are also different opinions and advocate "one country, one flower".

In the autumn of 2005, the Chinese Flower Association suggested that peony should be the national flower at the meeting held in Chengdu, and reported it to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), hoping to make peony the national flower at the two national conferences in 2006. Some experts and scholars who oppose peony strongly question it. On June 5438+ 10, 2006, Academician Chen wrote to the leaders of the Central Committee, the National People's Congress and the State Council, expounded the concept of "one country, two flowers", and published relevant articles in Internal Reference for circulation by the central leaders.

Value and significance of national evaluation of flowers

Why must the National People's Congress decide on the selection of the national flower?

The selection of the national flower will not happen in the era of war and turmoil, nor will it happen in the era of hunger and cold. The choice of the national flower is a prosperous move, which shows that China society has moved towards peace and prosperity. But must the selection of the national flower be reported to the National People's Congress? By analogy, in the future, the selection of all "Guo" brands such as national wine, state banquet, national bamboo, national fruit and national grass must be reported to the National People's Congress for decision. Won't the National People's Congress become an industry selection committee? Moreover, the national flower obviously cannot be compared with the national flag, national emblem and national anthem, because the latter is a symbol of a sovereign country, and the national flower has no such symbolic significance.

The National People's Congress is the highest authority, exercising state power on behalf of the whole people, and its functions and powers are legislation, supervision, appointment and removal, etc. Obviously, the selection of the national flower is not within its terms of reference.

Since the selection of the name "Guo" should truly reflect the interests of the majority of the people, which animal and plant varieties can win the aura of the name "Guo" should not be decided by the relevant institutions or experts first, but only by the people in an appropriate way, because such selection does not have any scientific research effect. This choice should not be subordinate to economic or other purposes, such as developing tourism. -This is also different from the selection of "Top Ten Famous Mountains in China" some time ago. The selection of the top ten famous mountains really bears the responsibility of "improving the overall image of China's mountain resources". At this time, it is understandable to properly consider tourism. National tree, national bird, national flower and top ten famous mountains all have different added values.

Dr. Tao of China Academy of Social Sciences believes that the national flower has the symbolic meaning of the national business card, and the formulation of evaluation criteria is a major event that concerns all aspects of relations and interests, and directly affects the fairness of the selection process and results. You can't arbitrarily deprive the public of the right to speak and vote in the formulation of selection criteria, and just award chinese society of forestry.

Professor Chen Junyu said: "I don't think the selection of the national flower should be conducted according to this procedure, because the national flower is completely established by ordinary people, and it is enough to finally report it to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for approval. The national wine Maotai and the national table tennis were also established, and the national flowers of all countries in the world were also produced in this way. " Chen Junyu said that from the perspective of jurisprudence and custom, the selection of national flowers should be private. "The most important thing is to let more people express their opinions, and the final plan should be recognized by most people."

According to Chen Junyu's idea, the first step in selecting the national flower is to preheat the national flower plan. "Let the plan be widely known, attract everyone's attention, and attract everyone to continue to care about this matter, so that more opinions will be published."

"Second, set up non-governmental organizations in time, make plans and timetables, and continue to popularize and publicize the national flower. Third, the studied plan (the plan that most people agree with) will be delivered to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) (the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress) and finally approved by the National People's Congress. "

In addition, in the past two decades, NPC deputies have repeatedly put forward the proposal of taking "Plum Blossom" as the national flower. At most, more than 70 people, including Mr. Guan Shanyue and Mr. Zhang Wencai, jointly proposed plum blossom as the national flower, but nothing was achieved.

Therefore, although the selection of the national flower is solemn, its political or economic significance is very limited and it is not suitable for political activities. We should treat it with a normal heart, and the determination of standards and the final conclusion should respect the opinions of the people.