What are the famous 18 tombs in China?
Someone wants to ask, why are the sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty called the Ming Tombs? This is to trace the history of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, made Nanjing his capital and was buried in Zhongshan, Nanjing after his death, known as the "Ming Mausoleum" in history. The second emperor Zhu Yunwen (his uncle Judy) sent troops to Nanjing in the name of "Jingnan" (to relieve the danger for the emperor), and his whereabouts are unknown. Some people say it is a monk, but his whereabouts are unknown (this is an unsolved case in the history of the Ming Dynasty), so there is no mausoleum. The seventh emperor, Zhu Qiyu, was captured by his younger brother, Emperor Valla, and was awarded the throne at the request of the Queen Mother and ministers. Later, Yingzong was put back, and under the planning of his cronies, a "change of seizing the door" was staged, and Yingzong was restored and became emperor again. After Zhu Qiyu was killed, Yingzong refused to recognize him as the emperor and destroyed the mausoleum built in Tianshou Mountain area. He was buried as a "king" in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs of Beijing. In this way, two of the sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried elsewhere, one was unaccounted for, and the other thirteen were buried in Tianshou Mountain, so they were called the "Ming Tombs".
The Ming Tombs is a natural mountainous area with specifications. Its mountain range belongs to Taihang Remnant Vein, which connects Juyongguan in the west, huanghua town in the north and Changping in the south. It is not only the barrier of the mausoleum, but also the north screen of the capital. Taihang Mountain starts from Zezhou and winds thousands of miles north to Juyongguan. Feng Wan leans back to Panqu and rises to the east as Tianshou Mountain (formerly known as Huang Tu Mountain). The mountain is towering and straight, majestic and broad, and the main force is strong. Gu, a famous scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem describing the superior situation here: "The mountains are coming from the south, and the momentum is like a dragon, and the dragon leaps and leaps;" East toe in Lulong, west ridge in Taihang; Sitting on the yellow flower in the back (referring to huanghua town), facing the Shenjing; There is an old house named Kangjiazhuang (1); It can accommodate millions of people and suddenly open. This beautiful natural landscape was regarded as a treasure trove of geomantic omen by feudal rulers.
The Ming Tombs are both a unified whole and an independent unit with similar specifications. Each mausoleum is built in front of a mountain. The distance between the two tombs is at least half a kilometer and at most eight kilometers. Except for Siling, which is located in the southwest corner, the others are fan-shaped and located around Changling (see figure). The layout of this mausoleum built on the mountain has also been appreciated by foreign experts. For example, Joseph Needham, a famous British historian, said: The Mausoleum is a great achievement in China's architectural form, and its overall pattern may be the greatest example of the combination of the whole building and landscape art. He rated the Ming Tombs as "the greatest masterpiece". His experience is that "you can enjoy the scenery of the whole valley from the gatehouse and meditate on its solemn scene on an organic plane, in which all the buildings are integrated with the scenery, and a person's wisdom is well expressed through the skills of architects and builders." British urban planner Edmund Bacon also spoke highly of the artistic achievements of the Ming Tombs. He believes that "the most magnificent' moving' example in architecture is Ming Taizu Mausoleum." He pointed out that the layout of the mausoleum building built on the mountain was "so magnificent that the whole valley volume was used to commemorate the dead king." They vividly describe the organic combination of the architecture of the Ming Tombs and the natural landscape. Therefore, we highly appreciate the intelligence of the ancient working people in China.
It has been 400-500 years since the Ming Tombs were built, and it is one of the best preserved imperial tombs. Moreover, the building is magnificent, the system is complete, the history is long, and it has high historical relics value. After the founding of New China, in order to protect this cultural relic and historic site, the Party and the government began to carry out maintenance from the early days of liberation, and the Ming Tombs were protected as national key cultural relics. 1957, the Beijing municipal government announced the Ming Tombs as the first batch of key ancient cultural relics protection units in Beijing. 196 1 year, the Ming Tombs were announced as national key cultural relics protection units. 1982, the State Council announced Badaling-Ming Tombs Scenic Area as one of the 44 key scenic spots in China. 199 1 year, the Ming Tombs were identified by the National Tourism Administration as one of the "Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China". 1992, the Ming Tombs were rated as "the world's most well-preserved tombs with the largest number of buried emperors" by the Beijing Tourism World's Most Selected Committee.
As a part of the ancient Chinese culture, the Ming Tombs and the natural landscape in the Mausoleum complement each other, forming a tourist attraction with beautiful scenery and profound cultural connotation.