What is the development prospect of architectural water landscape design?
No matter how the landscape design theory develops, some of its fundamental things will never change, that is, the ethics of loving land and nature, humanistic care and respect for local culture and history. From the "harmony between man and nature" in traditional culture to the "sustainable development" in modern science, it is beauty that continues the harmonious development between man and the environment.
Water landscape is one of the important forms of modern landscape design, which plays a vital role in improving the overall space environment quality. This paper briefly introduces the architectural waterscape and integrates the essence of China traditional culture into the waterscape design. Combined with the current background of sustainable development, the future development direction of architectural water landscape design is put forward.
I. Architectural Landscape Design
Architectural landscape design is an applied discipline based on a wide range of natural sciences and humanities, which not only meets the most basic functions, but also makes the building more pleasing to the eye. The purpose is to make architecture more suitable for human habitation, office and sightseeing, and it is developing rapidly today when people improve their quality of life and aesthetic significance.
In modern landscape design, water landscape is still an important form of landscape design, and water-related design techniques are tirelessly used in design: fountains, early spraying, artificial streams and lakes, falling water and so on. On the one hand, it can improve the climate in a small area and adjust the temperature and humidity. At the same time, it can enliven the space atmosphere and increase the space interest. The waterscape of architecture can be divided into the waterscape design of external environment and the waterscape design of indoor environment. Water is one of the most important substances for human existence. Water can reduce dust in the air, increase air humidity and lower air temperature. The introduction of water, no matter what form, has a physiological and psychological cooling effect. As one of the basic surfaces of the external environment of the building, water surface can effectively separate the space, and it is an important part of the external environment and interior design of the building.
1. 1 The importance of architectural water landscape in the application of building external environment can be divided into still water, running water, falling water and fountain according to its morphological characteristics. The design of still water is about the design of water body, surrounding environment and pool bank. Because of the large still water surface, the balance of water surface is easy to form reflection, so the design of its position, size and shape is closely related to the object of main reflection. For example, a large pool in front of the Taj Mahal reproduces the image of the Taj Mahal. Tourists stop by the pool and see real buildings and illusory beautiful shadows. Scenes blend, water adds color to buildings, and buildings add luster to water. Running water mainly refers to natural streams, rivers, artificial canals and waterways. Running water is a kind of waterscape with dynamic water flow as the ornamental object. Besides controlling water quantity, water depth and water width, we can also design the effect of running water, and change the landscape through the shape of the canal and the setting of the main landscape stones in the canal. In recent years, with the development of entertainment and tourism, more fountains have been designed to let people get close and even participate. For example, in some city squares, dry fountains erupt intermittently, which increases hydrophilicity, interest and participation. This form of having fun with others is welcomed by many people. Some fountains are improved on the original pool fountain and become shouting fountains or dancing fountains, which are also more interesting to appreciate.
1.2 Importance of architectural water landscape in the application of indoor environment; Water plays an important role in improving indoor artistic conception in indoor space. Still water gives people a sense of peace and tranquility, winding streams have a cheerful atmosphere, and various fountain shapes have a strong appeal. Water has the functions of expanding space, separating space and beautifying space. By reflecting the surrounding scenery, the still water surface not only expands the space, but also increases the level. Indoor canals, streams and fountains play a certain role in separating space. The contrast between the dynamics of water body and the rigid lines of indoor static space adds vitality and beauty to the indoor environment, especially the combination of modern water body with lighting, sound and sculpture. Music fountains and colorful pools add colorful landscapes to the indoor environment. Similarly, water, rocks, greening and other sketches often form an organic whole, creating various forms of landscape in the indoor environment. When designing indoor waterscape, we should pay attention to the main scene and background. The main scene is a particularly eye-catching attraction, generally placed in the most conspicuous position indoors, which is often relatively large and colorful. More designs are waterfalls, fountains and so on. Because its shape is natural and changeable, soft and colorful, dynamic and most eye-catching. The background is to set off the main scene, usually behind the main scene, so that the main scene can have rich content, the most common is a landscape painting.
Second, the architectural water landscape design optimization strategy
2. 1 Integration with China's traditional culture VittorioGiegotti, an Italian designer who bid for the National Grand Theatre, said: "China is now an era eager to get rid of the past and unwilling to talk about it. They are eager to let the world and the people of China see the fruits of rapid economic development. " It can be seen that builders pay too much attention to the appearance of the building and ignore the positive impact on society and environment, which leads to a demand for the inheritance of traditional culture in contemporary architecture.
Through continuous practice, especially in the design concept, the landscape design of modern architecture in China has continued the humanistic ideas such as the fusion, gradual change and artistic conception of China traditional culture, and transformed these ideas in the modern sense, which can be understood as: ① integration-that is, the organic connection of spatial forms in modern landscape design; (2) gradual change-that is, the design object-the humanistic sequence relationship between the scene and the object; ③ Artistic conception-that is, the inner spirituality of modern landscape design through formal media. As a traditional knowledge to explore the harmonious relationship between the location, orientation and layout of buildings and the fate of heaven, nature and human beings, Feng Shui has been regarded as superstition and dross by many people at present, so it has not been paid attention to for a long time. However, with the in-depth excavation and understanding of traditional culture, people gradually realize that the gardening art in the agricultural era, the geographical thought and land occupation technology in the pre-scientific era (that is, geomantic omen), the architectural engineering experience of different scales, the aesthetic art of scenery, and the technology and thought of residential and urban construction in traditional culture are all valuable technical and cultural heritages, which are the source of innovation and development of landscape design theory in the modern sense. Nowadays, in ancient villages all over the country, no matter from the aspects of village site selection, house layout, garden architecture, bedroom setting, etc., there is not a place that should be avoided without paying attention to the shape and environment of geomantic omen. Therefore, some people think that Feng Shui is equivalent to the ancient landscape design in China, and it explores the harmonious relationship between the location, orientation and layout of buildings, nature and human destiny. The combination of architectural water landscape and traditional culture, especially geomantic omen theory, is an inevitable trend in the future.
2.2 Combined with modern science and technology, water is a valuable resource for human body. With the development of modern industry, more and more people are polluted, and the available fresh water resources are decreasing. Architectural landscape design needs a lot of water. How to effectively use rainwater for landscape design has attracted more and more attention from landscape designers all over the world. Cities such as Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington in the Pacific Northwest of the United States have abundant rain all the year round, and landscape designers often use "rain gardens" in these places to enhance the urban drainage function. In urban public environments such as parking lots, this kind of "rainwater garden" can effectively turn collected rainwater into treasure. The representative large-scale water landscape design is "Rain Garden". The largest and most famous "Rain Garden" is located in Portland, next to Oregon Convention Center. Designed by Merryd Landscape Design Office, it mainly collects rainwater from 5.5 acres (about 2.2 hectares) of roofs. The collected rainwater winds into some shallow stone pools, just like a gurgling stream in the mountains. The "Rain Garden" absorbed almost all the rain on the roof of the conference center-this is a remarkable achievement. Some creative landscape designers have discovered the artistic potential of rain. The key is to show the unique dynamic beauty of rain in the whole design. The courtyard landscape designed by landscape architect Steve Koch for an apartment in Portland is a model. Koch's design is to collect rainwater from the roof, and the water jumps happily in the staggered waterways and finally pours into the pool surrounded by rocks. Below the pool is a reservoir for collecting rainwater. Using modern technology to integrate lighting, music and computer control will produce more unique and dreamy effects.
2.3 The combination of safety factors related to human behavior can make people intoxicated with waterscape appreciation, but when human behavior participates in it, a new collision point-safety factors is created. This is an unavoidable factor among all design elements: as the form and content of safety measures, people's attention is often in aesthetic and ecological significance, but the unknown safety factors it brings to people have not been paid due attention, forming a security blind spot that should not appear in the water landscape, thus resulting in a series of serious consequences brought by improper design of the water landscape and its surrounding areas, which is harmful to people's behavior and even life. Therefore, while considering its aesthetic and ecological significance, we should pay more attention to the design of safety factors related to human behavior, and should effectively combine it with environmental aesthetics, so that the art, technology and safety factors of water landscape environment can be perfectly unified.
Three. Concluding remarks
No matter how the landscape design theory develops, some of its fundamental things remain unchanged, that is, the ethics of loving land and nature, humanistic care and respect for local culture and history. From the "harmony between man and nature" in traditional culture to the "sustainable development" in modern science, it is a beautiful vision to continue the harmonious development between man and the environment. If the architectural design of China wants to win in the competition, it is necessary to be familiar with the local culture and have this advantage. We can't ignore the important value that traditional culture has played and will play in modern scientific exploration. We should take the essence from the precious heritage left by our ancestors and discard the dross. By analyzing the traditional architectural geomantic theory with modern science and technology theory, reflecting on it with modern landscape design theory, and speculating on the internal relations among them, we can explore practical strategies that are more conducive to "sustainable development".
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