What should you pay attention to when decorating and beautifying walls in kindergartens?
In the process of human development, the environment plays a very important role. Psychologist Robert Soma said: "A person has no behavior if he leaves the environment." It can be seen that "environment" is of special significance to young children. Most of the learning activities of young children are carried out in the subtle influence of the environment. It is an organized and guided environmental education. The wall layout of the kindergarten activity room and the surrounding environment, as an indispensable "environment" to promote the development of young children, is often considered an invisible curriculum in kindergarten. Suhomlinsky said: "A good school even has walls. Can speak. "The environment is a kind of implicit education and the carrier of kindergarten material culture. Walking into a good kindergarten, people will be infected by the strong nurturing atmosphere inside. In addition to being green, beautified and purified, the kindergarten environment should also be "childlike". From the layout of attractions to the design of wall decorations, parent gardens, etc., the child-centered thinking must be reflected, and the patterns, colors, and shapes that children like should be used to put them in a fresh and interesting atmosphere. Many kindergartens use frames to frame children's paintings and calligraphy works to decorate the activity room corridors and attract children to stop and admire. Some kindergartens have scientifically planned every corner of the school and added sports equipment characterized by "happy" and "interesting" to make the kindergarten a place where children are most happy to stay.
The "Kindergarten Wall Decoration Work Regulations" clearly points out the important principle of "creating a good environment suitable for education and providing opportunities and conditions for children to move and express their abilities." Kindergarten is an activity place and environment with children as the main body. Everything in it is prepared for children's educational activities. Therefore, the creation of the kindergarten environment should put the participation of children in the first place. The most important thing in environmental creation is the layout of the wall. However, the current wall layout in kindergartens generally has the following problems:
1. There are many fairy tales and little content reflecting real life.
2. There is a lot of formal content and less content related to education (textbooks).
3. There is a lot of old traditional content and little content that reflects the characteristics of the times.
Fourth, there is more content in the isolated form and less content in the plot form.
5. Teachers set a lot of content, but children participate in setting less content.
6. The phenomenon of doing things once and for all is common.
7. The form of wall decoration arrangement is relatively monotonous.
8. The location of wall decorations is generally high. As for teachers spending a lot of time creating large murals, which are beautiful and gorgeous, they have little effect on children.
In kindergarten educational activities, the environment, as a kind of "hidden curriculum", has attracted more and more attention in developing children's personality. Kindergarten wall layout has gradually become a hot spot in kindergarten work. Therefore, kindergarten wall decoration is by no means a decoration, nor is it just a collection of hardware equipment, but is interdependent, mutually inclusive, and mutually influential with education. The two are an inseparable unity. Therefore, the wall layout of kindergarten plays an important role in the daily educational activities of kindergarten. It not only has the function of decorating and beautifying the kindergarten, but also can enrich children's knowledge, cultivate children's sentiments, and cultivate children's aesthetic ability, as well as their thinking and imagination abilities. It is an effective way to educate young children. I think the wall layout of kindergartens should meet the following conditions:
1. The wall layout of kindergartens should have educational functionality
Most kindergartens are not based on the age of children in each age class. Characteristics and educational (teaching material) content need to be considered, and scientific and purposeful selection and layout should be made. Instead, it should be based on the needs of decoration and beautification, and determined according to the width of the wall, your own interests, and the materials on hand. Although the indoor and outdoor walls are colorful, most of the content is just a formality and only has external ornamental value, lacking the educational value of wall decorations. The teacher's wall layout must be able to promote the development of children and coordinate with the development of various child care activities. For example, when the middle class is carrying out the theme activity of "Cars on the Road", the children can be asked to imagine what kind of wall decorations can be arranged to reflect the zebra crossing and podium. Some children even designed a circular driveway in the air and put their own designed apple carts, sunflower carts, environmentally friendly cars, etc. on the circular driveway. Another example is when arranging the "Beautiful Motherland" wall decorations, children can also be allowed to collect relevant landscape pictures, photos and other information to enrich the content of the wall decorations. In short, during the entire design process, teachers try to use the educational nature of wall decorations as much as possible to make children feel the greatest satisfaction.
2. The wall layout in kindergarten should be artistic
Wall layout is a powerful means and method for children to gain artistic experience. It must be carefully arranged and selected and organized from an aesthetic point of view. face, and can be targeted at children's age characteristics to make them distinctive, vivid, receptive and changeable. For example: after the large class appreciates the prose poem "Falling Leaves", the children are asked to imagine where the leaves will fall and what will happen to the small animals when they pick up the tree. Every child gives full play to their imagination: little ants sit on leaves to visit relatives, birds use leaves as hats, and little tabby cats use leaves as fans. Children are encouraged to draw their imaginations and arrange them on the wall. The children were so happy that they discussed and made seriously together.
The activity not only develops children's imagination and creativity, but also improves their understanding of painting. When arranging wall decorations, every child should have the opportunity to participate, and different contents should be arranged according to their different levels. Create art while appreciating art. For the environmental layout of each educational theme, in addition to using its rich theme content to educate young children, we also strive to create an atmosphere with beautiful shapes, beautiful colors, artistic beauty and childlike beauty to infect young children.
3. The wall layout of the kindergarten should have potential
The wall layout of the teacher's environment should also stimulate children's desire to ask questions and think, and contain the process of asking and solving problems. In the picture, the wall layout forms an "atmosphere of potential learning", so that children can never tire of it, and can constantly generate ideas and questions, giving full play to the "suggestion" role of artistic works. Young children are more interested in wall decorations in a "semi-finished" state that can be transformed through manipulation. Therefore, teachers should leave room for children’s creativity. For example, when children create "Spring" together, they can only arrange a few children and a bare and big tree at the beginning of the school year, and gradually add content as the weather gets warmer. First observe the sprouting of grass and willow trees, and let the children draw green grass and willow branches, cut and paste them on the wall; then guide the children to observe the changes of the grass and willow leaves, how the color changes from light green to emerald green, continue to draw, cut and paste; and then guide the children Observe buds and flowers, and paint or cut flowers to enrich and complete the picture. This wall decoration is a process for children to observe spring through various senses and gradually learn to understand spring. Throughout the process, the children remained active.
4. The wall decoration in kindergarten should be participatory and creative
Children can naturally improve their hands-on ability, imagination, creativity, cooperation ability, etc. in the process of arranging wall decorations. Versatile capabilities. For example, when a large class arranges a "Spring is here" wall decoration, the teacher first draws the background. Children with weak abilities can tear and paste willow trees and peach blossoms, or use paper balls dipped in color to add grass, or use cotton swabs to draw tadpoles. Children with strong facial abilities can make three-dimensional flowers, three-dimensional houses, moving animals, kites, etc. For example, the themes of "Beautiful Flowers" and "I Love Nature" created by the children in the upper class were all created by the teacher through discussions with the children, based on the children's ideas and opinions, and then worked with them to skillfully combine everyone's works into a whole of. This form of combining children's works to arrange the environment also enables every child to feel the joy of success and experience the fun of cooperation. Through hands-on and brain use, children gain new knowledge and experience and develop their abilities by participating in the educational process of environmental layout. Children also have a special love and intimacy for their own arranged environment, which will stimulate children to interact more fully with the environment. In short, the wall decoration layout should require everyone to participate, so that every child's intelligence can be fully utilized. In the process of children's participation in the arrangement, they should give full play to their main role.
5. The wall layout of kindergarten should be changeable
The environment of kindergarten is not fixed and needs regular evaluation and modification. The environmental layout should be constantly updated according to different seasonal characteristics and combined with the progress of the kindergarten curriculum, so that the environment can play its greatest role. If a class teacher wants to decorate a larger wall, it often takes three, four days or even longer. Hand-made work also requires a large amount of blow molding paper, various colored papers, etc., so the wall becomes confusing. The impression that decoration is time-consuming, laborious and expensive. Unless the leader requires it, teachers generally adopt a once-and-for-all approach. More teachers avoid obvious four-season scenes before setting up, and choose some "underwater world", "cartoon characters", etc., so as not to "ask for trouble". Recently, kindergartens have adopted the method of directly using paint to draw large-scale patterns on the wall. This kind of wall painting is brightly colored and highly ornamental, but it is often difficult to part with it until the kindergarten building is repaired and the walls are painted. The maintenance of this kind of garden often takes more than two years. This naturally leads to the activity room wall decoration becoming unchanged. Kindergarten wall decoration is static, but the education of young children through it is a dynamic process, so it should not be static, once and for all. Teachers should constantly modify and adjust the wall decoration according to the variable factors to increase its mobility and multifunctionality, so that it can achieve twice the result with half the effort. For example: when creating wall decorations that help children understand the laws and characteristics of the changing seasons, you can use the methods of retaining, changing, adding, and subtracting. For example, to show the changes of trees in the four seasons, let the children fold peach blossoms out of colored paper and stick them on the trunk to signify the coming of spring; as the climate warms, let the children take off the peach blossoms and add peaches and leaves to signify the lush leaves in summer. Flowers bear fruit; when autumn comes, children can be allowed to pick up fallen leaves to show the scene of leaves turning yellow and falling in autumn. In this way, the scenery of the four seasons continues to change with the active participation of children, which also prompts children to pay more active attention to the surrounding environment and the changes in the seasons. During such operations, children naturally grasp the changes of leaves in the four seasons and maintain a strong desire to operate. On the contrary, if children are allowed to face the same painting within two years, this can be said to be a huge waste of environmental resources, and the function of environmental education cannot be truly realized. If a picture is posted for a long time, it will be like a blank piece of paper to a child and it will lose its value of existence. Therefore, the content of kindergarten wall decorations should be changed in time according to the changes in the surrounding environment and seasons and the improvement of children's cognitive abilities, so that the wall decorations in kindergartens become a window for children to understand society and the world.
6. The wall layout of kindergartens should have plot coherence
In terms of the content and form of wall decorations in kindergartens, whether it is a small, medium or large class, or a wall Above, most of the several pictures in an activity room are isolated and express one meaning alone, which is relatively monotonous. According to the age and psychological characteristics of children, some related plot content can be set. For example: when creating Snow White wall decorations, multiple plots can be reflected through a set of pictures, such as the old witch in the forest, Snow White and the seven Dwarf games, the prince on the white horse. In this way, it is not only conducive to the development of children's thinking and imagination, but also has greater appeal and vitality.
7. The wall layout of the kindergarten should have the characteristics of the times.
The teacher’s wall layout should reflect the teacher’s advanced educational concepts. In kindergartens, there are too many traditional pictures on the walls of the children’s activity room. Not only does it make people feel stale and lack of vitality, it is also difficult to maintain children's interest for a long time. At present, kindergartens should set up more content with the characteristics of the times and reflect the development and progress of contemporary society when setting up wall decorations. For example, you can design a picture of a robot and a moon landing rocket. Let children be influenced by contemporary civilization from an early age. Establish lofty ideals from an early age.
8. The wall layout in kindergarten should have differences in age characteristics
In most classes in kindergarten, if you don’t look at the class door number and only look at the wall layout, it is often difficult to Identify whether it is a large class or a small class: the same colorful and carefully crafted. There are obvious differences among children at different age levels, and they have different requirements for the environment. If we do not pay attention to this difference, most children will not be able to obtain favorable conditions from the environment to meet their development needs. In fact, age and development principles have different specific requirements for environment creation for children of different ages. They should try their best to meet the age characteristics and development needs of children. For example: when carrying out the theme education of "I Love My Family", corresponding educational goals can be formulated according to the different age levels of children and corresponding theme wall decorations can be created. Children in small classes can bring family photos, tell interesting stories about the family to their peers, and arrange the photos into wall paintings with the theme of "I Love My Family"; children in middle class can draw pictures of things they do to help their parents or things their parents care about them. , posted in the "I Love My Home" column; in addition to arranging the "My Home" paintings as wall paintings, children in the upper class can also set up a "I am the little master of the home" performance corner to let the children perform tidying up the room and entertaining guests. Guests are waiting.
9. The wall decoration in kindergartens should be diverse in form
In terms of the layout of wall decorations, no matter what the content and where they are, most teachers use blow molding Paper making arrangement. In this way, although the setting is rich in content, it often appears single, rigid and lacks diversity in tone and form, and it is easy to give people a feeling of sameness, affecting the effect of decoration and beautification.