The Origin of Valentine's Day (in Chinese and English)
There are two different views about the origin of Valentine's Day:
Statement 1:
In the 3rd century AD, Emperor Claudius II of the Roman Empire renounced all marriage promises in the capital Rome. At that time, more carefree men could go to war for the sake of war. A priest named Saint Ketus Valentinus did not follow this will and continued to hold church weddings for young people who loved each other. After this incident was reported, Father Valentin was first flogged, then stoned to death, and finally hanged on February 14, AD 270. 14 century later, people began to commemorate this day. Now the Chinese translation of "Valentine's Day" is called Valentine's Day in western countries, to commemorate the priest who died for his lover.
Other legends related to this include that the priest helped Catholics escape from a Roman prison and was executed.
When the priest went to prison, it was said that he sent his first "Valentine's Day" blessing. It is said that he fell in love with astrid, the blind daughter of the warden who visited him in prison, and miraculously cured her eyes and made her see again. Before his execution, he sent a letter to the girl, signed "Your Valentine" (this expression is still used today). Although these legends are untrue, they express his sympathy, heroism and, most importantly, romantic personality.
Statement 2:
It originated from the festival of faun in ancient Rome.
According to this statement, the Christian church celebrated this day in order to christianize the faun festival in ancient Rome (celebrated on February 15 every year to protect the productivity of people, fields and livestock). In ancient Rome, the spring in early February was considered pure. Clean the house according to a certain ceremony, and then sprinkle salt water and a kind of wheat in the room.
Animal Festival commemorates the Roman agricultural god Funus and the founders of Rome, romulus and remus. At the beginning of this festival, members of Luperci (a Roman priest) will gather in a sacred cave. This cave is thought to be the place where romulus and remus were babies. In this cave, they are cared for by a female wolf, Lupa. A priest will sacrifice a sheep to breed; A dog represents purity.
Then the boy will tear the sheepskin into small strips, dip it in holy blood, and run to the street to pat the women and crops in the field with it. Roman women are not only not afraid, but also happy to be touched by sheepskin strips, because it is said that they will have fertility this year. Later, according to legend, all the women in this city put their names in vases. Bachelors will choose one of them. So this year, they are a couple. Usually they get married.
Around 498 AD, the Pope declared February 14 as Valentine's Day. This kind of marriage of the Romans is considered illegal by Christians. In the Middle Ages, in Britain and France, it was generally believed that February 14 was the season for birds to mate. So this day has added a content, that is, this day should be a romantic day. The earliest Valentine's Day gift was a poem written by Charles, Duke of Orleans, to his wife in the Tower of London prison. Because he was captured in the Battle of Ginkul. Now this blessing written in 14 15 is collected in the British Museum in London. A few years later, Emperor Henry V hired John Lydgate to write a song for Catherine of Valois as a Valentine's Day gift.
Valentine's Day or Valentine's Day is in February 14. This is a traditional day for lovers to express their love for each other; Send valentine's cards or candy. It is common to send flowers on Valentine's Day. This festival is named after two people, both of whom are Christian martyrs named Valentine. This day is associated with romantic love in the Middle Ages, when the tradition of court love prevailed.
This day is most closely related to the exchange of love letters in the form of "Valentine's Day". The symbols of modern Valentine's Day include the heart-shaped and winged Cupid. Since19th century, handwritten notes have largely given way to mass-produced greeting cards. The American Greeting Card Association estimates that the world sends about 10 billion Valentine's Day cards every year, making this day the second largest greeting card sending festival after Christmas. The association estimates that women buy about 85% of Valentine's Day gifts. [ 1]
In the United States, Valentine's Day marketing has marked it as an "iconic holiday". A recent trend is to call February 14 Singles' Day.
At least three early Christian Roman martyrs are known as Valentinus (see Saint Valentine for details). Among the two most prominent traditions in Valentinus, represented by the later fictional acta, both of which are in Bede, martyrs were revered on the same day, February 14, although these years, because they represent two traditions, according to different sources. [2] The following is an overview of the recognized traditions related to this festival, and finally the legend about Valentine himself is discussed.
[Editor] February Fertility Festival
It is speculated that the festivals about fertility and love in Greece and Rome may be related to Valentine's Day, because there are some corresponding celebrations.
On the calendar of ancient Athens, the period from mid-January to mid-February was a game month to commemorate the sacred wedding of Zeus and Hera.
In ancient Rome, February 15 was the festival of faun. Plutarch wrote:
Pastoral Festival, many of whom wrote, is a festival celebrated by ancient shepherds, and also has some connections with Arcadia Lucaya. At this time, many aristocratic youths and local officials ran around in the city of n aked, in order to entertain and laugh at the unkempt belts they met. Many women with status also deliberately block their way, raising their hands and beating them like children in school, believing that pregnant people will get help in childbirth and infertile people will get pregnant. [5]
The word "Faun Festival" comes from "wolf", so this festival may be related to the legendary wolf that fed romulus and Remus. Luperci, a priest of this sect, will go to Lu Pelcat, where it is said that the female wolf who raised romulus and remus lived and sacrificed animals (two goats and a dog). This blood will be scattered in the streets, bringing fertile land and keeping wolves away from the fields. [6] Faun Festival is a unique festival in Rome. The more popular Juno February Festival, which means "pure Juno" or "chaste Juno", is celebrated on February 13- 14. Pope Gerasius I (492-496) abolished faun festival. Some historians [specify] [need to cite] believe that the Candle Festival (held on February 14 and later moved to February 2) was promoted as its substitute, but this festival was already celebrated in Jerusalem in 38 1 year. The Pope also announced in 496 that St. Valentine's Day would be held on February 65, 438+04.
[Editor] Chaucer's love birds
The portrait of Thomas Hawkcliffe's English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. The earliest known connection between Valentine's Day and romance can be found in Chaucer's poems. The first recorded connection between Valentine's Day and Roman love is in Geoffrey Chaucer's Interpretation of Fouls (1382).
Because it's Valentine's Day.
Everyone has the right to choose a partner.
This poem was written to commemorate the first anniversary of the engagement of King Richard II of England and Anne of Bohemia. 138 1 signed a treaty regulating marriage on may 2, 2008. When they got married eight months later, he was 13 or 14. She is 14. )
On the etiquette calendar, May 2nd is Valentine's Day in Genoa. This Saint Valentine was an early bishop of Genoa and died around 307 AD. The reader mistakenly thinks Chaucer refers to Valentine's Day on February 14. However, mid-February is unlikely to be the time for British birds to mate. [4]
Chaucer's Foul Council is usually set in an assumed old tradition background, but in fact there was no such tradition before Chaucer. As a historical fact, the speculative explanation of perceptual customs originated from antique dealers in18th century, especially alban Butler, the author of "The Legend of Butler's Saints", and was even continued by respected modern scholars. Most notably, the idea that Valentine's Day continues the Roman faun festival has been accepted uncritically and repeated in various forms until now [5].
[Editor] Medieval and Modern Times
The Swedish calendar shows Saint Valentine's Day, and in February 14, 17 12, the court language was used for the court love ceremony, and a "high court of love" was established in Paris on Valentine's Day in 1400. Courts deal with love contracts, betrayal and violence against women. Judges are elected by women on the basis of poetry recitation. [ 1 1][ 12]
The earliest existing valentine's card is/kloc-Rondo card written by Charles, Duke of Orleans, to his wife in the 5th century, which began in.
I love you
(Charles Orleans, Rondo VI, line1–2)
At that time, the duke was captured in the Battle of Ginkul and held in the Tower of London. [6]
In Hamlet (1600-0 1), ophelia mentioned Valentine's Day in dismay: "Tomorrow is Saint Valentine's Day."
1836, Pope Gregory XVI donated St. Valentine's relics to Carmel Church in White Friard Street, Dublin. In the AD1960s, the church was renovated and the cultural relics were restored. [ 13]
In the revised Roman Catholic saints' calendar 1969, St. Valentine's festival February 14 was deleted from the ordinary Roman calendar and was classified into a specific (local or even national) calendar for the following reasons: "Although the commemoration of St. Valentine is ancient, it was left to a specific calendar because besides his name, except that he was in February/kloc. [7] barzan and Malta still celebrate this festival. It is said that relics of saints have been found there, and traditional Catholics all over the world also celebrate this festival. They follow the older pre-Vatican II calendar.
Valentine's Day postcards, about 19 10.
Valentine's Day may have been introduced to North America by British colonists in the19th century. In the United States, Esther Howland of Worcester, Massachusetts (1847) (1828-1904) produced and sold the first batch of mass-produced embossed paper lace Valentine's Day cards shortly after1847. Her father runs a large book and stationery store, and she got inspiration from an English Valentine's Day gift. Since 200 1, the Greeting Card Association has awarded the Esther Howland Greeting Card Dreamer Award every year.
In the second half of the twentieth century, the practice of exchanging cards spread to all kinds of gifts in the United States, usually from men to women. Such gifts usually include roses and chocolates. /kloc-in the 1980s, the diamond industry began to promote Valentine's Day as an occasion for giving jewelry.
This day has been associated with an ordinary Platonic greeting "Happy Valentine's Day".
In some primary schools in North America, students are required to give everyone in the class a Valentine's Day card or a small gift. These students' greeting cards often mention what they admire about each other.
[Editor] The Evolving Legend
In the early Middle Ages, St. Valentine's behavior was extracted by Bede and briefly described in Legend. [8] According to that version, St. Valentine was persecuted as a Christian and was personally interrogated by the Roman emperor Claudius II. Claudius was impressed with Valentine and discussed with him, trying to convert him to Roman paganism to save his life. Valentine refused and tried to convert Claudius to Christianity. He was executed for this. Before he was executed, it is said that he performed a miracle and cured the blind daughter of the jailer.
Legenda Aurea still does not provide any connection with emotional love, and appropriate knowledge has been embroidered in modern times as a priest Valentine refused an unproven law attributed to the Roman emperor Claudius II, allegedly ordering young men to remain single. It is said that the emperor did this to strengthen his army, because he believed that married men would not make good soldiers. However, pastor Valentine secretly held a wedding ceremony for young people. When Claudius found out about it, he arrested Valentine and put him in prison. The night before Valentine's execution, he wrote his first letter "Valentine" to a young girl who was regarded as his lover in different ways, [9] the daughter of the jailer, and he helped and cured her, [10] or both. This is a note that says "your valentine's card" [9]
In another obviously modern decoration, when Valentine was imprisoned, people would leave him a small note, fold it and hide it in the cracks in the rocks around his cell. He will find them and pray for them.