What is the application of building energy conservation in the real estate industry?
Building energy conservation refers to the implementation of energy conservation standards and the use of energy-saving technologies, processes, equipment, materials and products during the planning, design, new construction (reconstruction, expansion), renovation and use of real estate development. Improve thermal insulation performance and efficiency of heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration systems, strengthen the operation and management of building energy systems, use renewable energy, and reduce heating, air-conditioning, refrigeration, and lighting while ensuring the quality of the indoor thermal environment. , energy consumption of hot water supply. The essence of building energy conservation is to rationally use energy during the use of buildings, including making full use of renewable energy, and continuously improving energy efficiency while ensuring and improving the indoor environmental quality of real estate projects. Building energy conservation is a concrete embodiment of the concept of sustainable development, a global architectural design trend, and a new growth point in building science and technology. The design, construction and use of energy-saving buildings are conducive to the construction of international tourist islands and the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy, and protect the ecological environment.
The necessity of promoting building energy conservation in Hainan’s real estate industry
Promoting building energy conservation is a requirement for the Hainan real estate industry in the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island
Five years ago, Hainan The construction of an international tourist island has become a national strategy. Since then, Hainan has entered a golden period of development and embarked on a magnificent new journey. During the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island, investment in real estate development in Hainan Province has maintained rapid growth. As the area of various types of buildings continues to grow, the intensification of building energy consumption has significantly increased carbon dioxide emissions, and building energy consumption has become a major factor in air pollution. Only through building energy conservation can we effectively reduce the use of conventional energy, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and dust, which has a direct effect on improving the quality of the atmospheric environment and reducing the impact of diseases caused by air pollution on residents. harm. At the same time, the application of environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies can minimize the use of artificial materials, achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction, and achieve the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. One of the strategic positionings of the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island is: During the construction process of Hainan International Tourism Island, Hainan must be built into a "National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Zone. Adhere to the ecological province and environmental priority, develop while protecting, protect while developing, and promote Build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, build a low-carbon economic demonstration zone, and explore the path of civilized development in which humans and nature live in harmony, making Hainan a four-season garden for the people of the country.” (Outline of Hainan International Tourism Island Construction and Development Plan (2010). ~2020)). It can be seen that the promotion of building energy conservation is a requirement for the Hainan real estate industry in the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.
Promoting building energy conservation is the guarantee to improve the quality of Hainan real estate products
The quality of a product is the characteristics of the product that meet the usage functions, including function, purpose, performance, quality, user experience, and reliability , convenience and added value. The quality of real estate products is a very complex issue. Compared with products in other industries, the quality of real estate products is difficult to judge. For example: before buying a house, customers are concerned about "location and environment", "unit structure", "greening and landscape", etc.; when signing a contract, what they are most worried about is the shrinking area, oversized sharing, and inadequate supporting facilities; After staying in a house for a period of time, what I am most dissatisfied with are the "unit area", "unit structure" and property management. In order to pursue the high quality of developed products, large floor-to-ceiling windows, central air conditioning, multiple elevators, and 24-hour hot water have become the selling points pursued by developers. There are very few people who are dissatisfied with deeper product quality, such as whether buildings and community environments are energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The understanding only stops at certain specific feelings. Why can’t my sunshine time reach one hour a day on a sunny day? Why is there always a queue for my elevator? Why does it feel so depressing when standing on the grass in the community? Why are there never enough parking spaces? Why is my bathroom and kitchen not well ventilated? Why is the life in my community not as colorful as other communities? We did not see that the source of the problem was real estate development companies, which failed to carry out planning, design, and construction in accordance with building energy-saving requirements. With the improvement of modern construction and people's living standards, comfortable building thermal environment has increasingly become a need for people's lives. How to effectively utilize energy to meet this need has become an urgent problem that real estate companies currently need to solve.
Under the current situation of tight energy supply in our country, only by using energy rationally and economically, improving energy utilization efficiency as much as possible, and combining improving the thermal environment of buildings with building energy conservation can we better improve the thermal environment of buildings, which not only includes temperature, sunlight , air quality, ventilation efficiency, noise decibels, etc., and also includes plane space layout, privacy protection, view landscape, visual color, material selection, etc. Only by promoting building energy conservation can we improve the living quality of buildings and the living quality of people. It can be seen that the promotion of building energy conservation is a guarantee for improving the quality of Hainan's real estate products.
Promoting building energy conservation and using energy-saving building materials is the only way for the development of Hainan's real estate industry
Energy-saving buildings are the basis for building energy conservation. If the building itself cannot meet the requirements for building energy conservation, no matter how much energy conservation is promoted, it will No real energy savings can be achieved. In the same way, if building materials that meet energy-saving requirements are not used, no matter how much emphasis is placed on building energy-saving, it will be difficult to meet building energy-saving requirements. It can be seen that the use of energy-saving building materials is the only way for Hainan real estate to promote energy-saving buildings. According to documents from the Hainan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, starting from 2014, Hainan Province will fully implement green building standards, starting with government-invested buildings and large public buildings. Since 2014, government-invested buildings such as institutions, schools, hospitals, museums, science and technology museums, and gymnasiums, as well as large public buildings such as airports, stations, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, and office buildings with a single building area of more than 20,000 m2, The building fully implements green building standards. In addition, affordable housing in Haikou City, Sanya City and Danzhou City fully implement green building standards; more than 30% of newly built affordable housing in other cities and counties must meet green building standards. With the increasing national requirements for building energy conservation, the rise of a large number of new energy-saving buildings, coupled with the large-scale energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, has created huge market demand for walls, doors, windows, roofs, floors, as well as heating, air-conditioning and other buildings. The basic components of materials have undergone tremendous changes. Large-scale technological innovations are being carried out in materials and equipment, construction structures, construction and installation, etc. Many new insulation materials, sealing materials, energy-saving equipment, insulation pipes, and automatic control originals have entered the market in large quantities. construction market. Faced with this situation, Hainan real estate development companies should follow the development trend, actively use energy-saving building materials, build energy-saving buildings, and promote the development of Hainan's real estate industry.
How to promote building energy conservation in Hainan’s real estate industry
Hainan’s geographical climate and civil building energy consumption
The promotion of building energy conservation in Hainan’s real estate industry cannot be separated from Hainan’s geography , climate, and energy consumption status of civil buildings. Only by starting from Hainan's geography, climate, and actual energy consumption conditions of civil buildings can we promote building energy conservation in Hainan's real estate industry. Hainan Province is located in the southernmost tip of China, bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait to the north from Guangdong Province, the west from the Beibu Gulf to Vietnam, the east from the South China Sea to Taiwan Province, and the southeast and south from the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the South China Sea. Hainan Province has a total land area of 35,000 km2 and a sea area of approximately 2 million km2, of which Hainan Island covers an area of 33,900 km2. Hainan Island is located at the northern edge of the tropics and has a tropical monsoon climate. It has always been known as the "natural greenhouse". It has long summers and no winters. The annual average temperature is 22~27℃. The accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10℃ is 8200℃, the coldest The temperature in January is still 17~24℃, the annual sunshine is 1750~2650h, the light rate is 50%~60%, the light temperature is sufficient, and the photosynthetic potential is high. According to the "Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings" (GB5017-1993), Hainan Province belongs to a hot summer and warm winter area. However, Hainan is affected by the tropical monsoon climate, and its climate characteristics are different from other provinces and cities in hot summer and warm winter areas. Hainan Province has abundant rainfall, with annual precipitation ranging from 1,000 to 2,600 mm. The average annual precipitation is 1,639 mm. There are obvious rainy seasons and less rainy seasons. May to October every year is the rainy season, with a total precipitation of about 1,500 mm, accounting for 70% to 90% of the total annual precipitation. The main rain sources include frontal rain, thermal thunderstorms and typhoon rain, from November to April of the following year. It is the dry season, accounting for only 10% to 30% of the annual precipitation. Drought often occurs in the dry season. At the end of 2013, the total permanent population of Hainan Province reached 8.9528 million, an increase of 87,300 compared with 2012, and an increase of 267,300 compared with the sixth census. The average annual growth rate of the total population in the three years from 2010 to 2013 was 1.02%. The average annual growth rate of Hainan Province’s total population in the ten years from the “Fifth Census” to the “Sixth Census” was 0.98%.
The growth of the total population generally shows a stable trend. With the pace of building an international tourist island, the annual construction volume in Hainan Province has increased rapidly. The completed construction area in 2003 was 1.21 million m2, which increased to about 8.12 million m2 in 2012, an increase of about 7 times in 10 years. The total construction area has also increased. It increased from 220 million m2 in 2003 to 260 million m2. According to statistics, half of the existing buildings in Hainan Province are public buildings and residential buildings. Among them, the majority of public buildings are hotel buildings, and the hotel building area accounts for 46% of the total public building area in Hainan Province. %, office buildings and shopping mall buildings are 15% and 14% respectively. In the field of construction, the total energy consumption of civil buildings in Hainan Province in 2008 was approximately 1.697 million tce, and the electricity consumption was 1.192 million tce, accounting for 70% of the total energy consumption of civil buildings. In terms of electricity consumption alone, the electricity consumption of civil buildings in 2008 was 31%. In recent years, Hainan Province's electricity consumption has shown a rapid growth trend. In 1993, Hainan Province's electricity consumption was only 3.2 billion kw·h. In 2012, it rose to 20.8 billion kw·h, an increase of 6.5 times. After 2000, electricity consumption entered a fast track. , and the growth rate continues to accelerate. In the three years since 2010, it has basically shown a linear growth trend. From the total electricity consumption throughout the year, Hainan Province’s energy demand has grown significantly. Building operations consume 31% of the province’s electricity. Energy conservation and emission reduction work in the construction field is of great significance to the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.
Ways for Hainan’s real estate industry to promote building energy conservation
Pay attention to building planning and layout, and promote building energy conservation
In the Hainan real estate industry to promote building energy conservation, building planning and layout is important One ring. The so-called architectural planning and layout determines the design form of the building based on the specific location such as the latitude, climate zone, and environment where the building is located. In the real estate development planning stage, regional thermal environment improvement technology needs to be applied to optimize planning and design. The regional thermal environment improvement technology is to rationally layout buildings, make full use of Hainan's superior conditions such as land and water breezes and mountain winds, consider building orientation and spacing based on the principle of natural ventilation as the mainstay, and air conditioning as a supplement, scientifically select building sites, and optimize group layouts. , Reasonably design the architectural form. In the design of the building form, measures should be taken to increase ventilation and improve heat dissipation. In the design of the building form of the residential area, the bottom layer can be elevated to improve the ventilation effect of the surrounding area, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the building envelope; rationally configure the form of the underlying surface to minimize hard Use quality mats to avoid large-area squares without green shade, effectively reducing the heat island effect. The so-called heat island effect is affected by factors such as building height, floor area ratio, building layout, building materials, green space ratio and waterscape facilities of building groups and residential areas. Under the action of long-term solar radiation, urban building-dense areas will become hotter in summer. This creates a "heat island" phenomenon, where some areas are higher than other places. Hainan Province has long and hot summers. The heat island effect will not only increase the probability of heatstroke due to high temperature, but also increase the air-conditioning energy consumption of buildings and other negative impacts. Therefore, building energy conservation in this region mainly solves the comfort problems of the outdoor thermal environment caused by solar radiation and outdoor wind. The environment is also one of the important factors in selecting building locations in this climate zone. The climate-adaptive building site selection and layout can make full use of the climate-regulating effect of the natural geographical environment around the base, or the suitable local climate environment. The ecological environment has a great impact on microclimate characteristics such as temperature, humidity, and wind direction in built areas. Waterfront buildings and mountain buildings are relatively common architectural forms in Hainan Province. Their planning and design should emphasize coordination with the environment, minimize the impact on the ecology, ensure a good microclimate environment on the site, and optimize the building planning and layout according to different terrains. Hainan is a major maritime province, and its long coastline creates good conditions for waterfront building planning. A large number of buildings adjacent to rivers, lakes and oceans are planned and constructed in Haikou, Sanya, Qionghai, Wenchang, etc. These projects make full use of the functions of water bodies to regulate climate and beautify the environment. Sea views and water views are important factors that affect the layout of waterfront buildings. Designing based on site topography and making full use of water and land breezes are key elements in the early design of island coastal buildings. Fully consider the superior conditions of sea and land breezes to ensure that the entire site receives good natural ventilation. Effect. There are many big mountains in Hainan, such as: Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Dongshanling, Bawangshan, Limu Mountain, Yinggeling, Yanoda Tropical Rainforest, Yalong Bay Forest Park, Wenbi Peak, etc.
Real estate companies must ensure the advantages of the original ecological environment when planning mountainous buildings and try to avoid damage to the natural environment. Planning should consider the various impacts of the structural functions of the natural ecological environment on human beings, and make reasonable applications, adjustments, transformations and Comply with its architectural ecological environment and make full use of mountain wind. The general layout of mountainous buildings in Hainan Province generally follows the principle of adapting to the mountains, highlighting the characteristics of tropical mountainous architecture. The building groups are staggered in height, forming a layered architectural outline, and strive to develop upward and open up the upper space. Urban development real estate projects are mostly on flat sites. In such flat sites, there is no usable water, land and mountain wind. The dominant factor affecting natural ventilation and sunlight is the distribution of surrounding buildings, while the site has less impact. Therefore, early design layout and overall planning are key. For example, the building adopts a staggered layout to avoid parallel connection of multiple units, so as to obtain good Natural ventilation and sufficient sunlight should be provided. At the same time, the east and west windows should be avoided and narrowed as much as possible to avoid the strong east and west sunlight in Hainan.
Attach importance to the impact of landscape on outdoor micro-environment and promote building energy conservation
Residential area landscape covers various landscape elements in residential areas, such as residences, public buildings, green spaces, water features, roads, sketches, etc. Setting up reasonable greening forms, waterscape facilities and paving types can effectively reduce the heat island effect, obtain fresh and pleasant outdoor air and appropriate radiation environment, and effectively promote building energy conservation. To improve the level of landscape design, it is necessary to fully understand the characteristics of the landscape and the positive impact of vegetation on the outdoor microenvironment. Green vegetation reduces solar radiation heat and reflected heat from pavements and walls through shading, and reduces surrounding radiant heat through transpiration, thereby producing a cooling and humidifying effect, alleviating the urban heat island effect, improving the quality of the urban ecological environment and improving The outdoor thermal environment has a positive effect. Research shows that trees have a better effect on improving the thermal environment, while lawns and shrubs are slightly less effective. Trees mainly improve the outdoor thermal environment and pedestrian comfort through shading. Trees block solar radiation, so that the temperature in the area under the shade does not increase significantly. People under the shade feel that the radiation temperature is significantly lower than that without shading. Turf can provide cooling through reflectivity and its own transpiration. Green vegetation can enhance the vertical flow of urban air. Due to the formation of a low-pressure area above the tree canopy, the understory airflow rises, causing the upper and lower airflows to exchange. The two airflows merge to enhance the vertical flow of air in the area. Hainan’s greening forms are dominated by tropical garden-style vegetation landscapes. Among them, vertical greening and roof greening have also entered a stage of rapid development in recent years, showing a diversified and large-scale development trend. To improve the level of landscape design, it is necessary to understand the relationship between green plants and building layout. Commonly used patterns for greening system layout in residential areas include concentrated green space type, group enclosure type, embedded natural type, strip network type, scattered point layout type, etc. The concentrated green space type is mainly used in high-rise and low-density residential areas. The group-enclosed type is based on the enclosed group as the basic unit and is composed of groups with different themes. It is often used in low-rise and high-density residential areas. The embedded natural type is suitable for residential areas with good natural ecological conditions, relatively loose land use, and far away from the city. The strip network type runs through the residential area with strips of public green space and is interconnected with the residential group space green space. This kind of Mode is used for projects with higher building density. The scattered layout type arranges green spaces of different sizes in residential areas. In the design of the above-mentioned layout patterns, factors such as the scale of the residential area, geographical and natural conditions, and building layout should be fully taken into consideration, and different layout patterns should be combined and configured organically. The "Hainan Provincial Urban Landscaping Regulations" set clear requirements for green space ratio, public green space and the proportion of trees and shrubs. The greening of real estate projects should highlight the characteristics of tropical islands, with sunshade trees as the main body and a variety of plants reasonably arranged. planting structure. The green space rate in urban built-up areas shall not be less than 35%, the green coverage rate shall not be less than 40%, the per capita park green space area shall not be less than 12m2, and the urban production green space area shall not be less than 2% of the total area of urban built-up areas. The green space rate of new construction projects shall not be less than 40%. This is a task that Hainan real estate companies must complete to promote building energy conservation.
Pay attention to building natural ventilation technology and promote building energy conservation
Building natural ventilation uses the heat pressure caused by the temperature difference between the air inside and outside the building or the wind pressure caused by wind to promote air flow. The ventilation carried out is an environmentally friendly and economical ventilation method. The use of natural ventilation to replace air-conditioning and refrigeration technology has at least two significances. First, it realizes passive refrigeration.
Natural ventilation can lower indoor temperatures without consuming non-renewable energy, take away humid and dirty air, and improve the indoor thermal environment; second, it can provide fresh, clean natural air, which is beneficial to human physiological and mental health. Although Hainan Province has a hot and humid climate, it is not really hot. The average temperature in July to August, the hottest month in summer, is 25 to 29°C. The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is very small. The biggest problem in construction is high temperature and humidity, and the insufficiency of insulation materials. However, the effect of hot pressure ventilation is not obvious. Therefore, the main ventilation method in this area is wind pressure ventilation. Most of the residential buildings have large roofs, overhead railings, and deep overhangs for sunshade and induced ventilation. Jiang Yi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at the Building Energy Efficiency Research Center of Tsinghua University, pointed out that the temperature difference between the two sides of the building wall in Hainan is small, so there is no need for too much insulation, or even no insulation. When the natural ventilation in the room is not good, insulation The better it is, the less likely it is for heat to be discharged. Instead, you need to turn on the air conditioner to cool down. In order to achieve good ventilation, how to create conditions in the overall layout and individual design of the building to introduce air into the room, while speeding up the air flow inside the building and rationally organizing the indoor air flow are important principles for the application of natural ventilation. In terms of the overall layout, the orientation of the building is arranged according to the dominant wind direction in summer, so that its main functional rooms face the dominant wind direction. The overall layout of the building should be staggered or diagonal. High-rise buildings should be arranged in a high-to-low or high-to-low arrangement in the dominant wind direction. In order to allow the building behind to obtain more cross-ventilation, the long side of the building should not be perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The elevated ground floor of the building can effectively improve the ventilation effect of the front and rear buildings, and regulate the climate through the utilization and organization of natural wind. In terms of building shape design, the building should adopt a transparent method, such as the ground floor is elevated and lightweight materials are used as the enclosure structure, etc., to present the transparent and open characteristics of buildings in hot and humid areas. Strengthening the natural ventilation of a building can be achieved through measures such as concave and convex changes in the building shape, the installation of ventilation components, and the location of doors and windows. Constructing climate buffer spaces, such as ventilation shafts, patios, atrium spaces, corridor spaces, etc., is also an auxiliary means to adapt the building form to the climate. The ventilated roof is also an important part of the natural ventilation system. It can become an independent ventilation system in itself. Generally, there is an air interlayer inside. The principle of thermal pressure ventilation is used to make the air flow flow in the air interlayer to reduce the roof surface temperature, thereby reducing the roof surface temperature. Affects indoor air temperature. In terms of indoor airflow organization design, try to avoid large dead corners and other vortex areas inside to speed up the indoor airflow speed. The appropriate opening position and size of doors and windows are the key to ensuring smooth indoor air convection, natural ventilation, and good results. Set up large-area doors and windows, and combine them with corridors, balconies, sunshades, sunshade corridors and overheads to guide airflow, form natural ventilation, and form effective indoor convection to achieve a cooling effect. Deep overhangs, wind guide walls, wind capture devices, and draft shafts can all be used to induce airflow to enhance natural ventilation.
Using building shading technology to promote building energy conservation
Building shading is very important in Hainan. Unlike northern buildings that attach great importance to thermal insulation, Hainan buildings pay more attention to shading. There is a saying that "wearing cotton is worse than wearing cotton." Umbrella". Building shading is an important technical measure for building energy conservation in Hainan. Architectural shading can effectively reduce sunlight radiation, improve indoor light and heat environment quality, and increase indoor comfort. Building shading mainly includes exterior door and window shading, roof shading, wall shading, greening shading, etc. As one of the important means of building energy conservation, building shading can reduce the building's solar radiation heat gain and reduce the use time of air conditioning, thereby reducing the building's electricity consumption and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It also helps to improve indoor thermal comfort and visual comfort, and create a low-carbon, healthy and comfortable living environment. Hainan Province has high solar radiation intensity and long sunshine hours, so buildings require longer shading time. Combined with the climate conditions of Hainan Province and the needs of the people, the application of building energy-saving technologies in Hainan Province should adhere to the following principles: ① Optimize and consider the application form of civil engineering-integrated shading technology, the wind and rainproof performance of strong shading facilities, and the thunderstorm weather in Hainan Province, fixed Sunshade facilities are relatively safe and low-cost, and can improve the indoor thermal environment by blocking direct sunlight without affecting natural lighting. ② For movable external sunshade facilities, safety performance considerations should be taken into consideration when using components. Sunshade facilities with poor wind resistance should not be used for sunshade on windows above the second floor. ③The sunshade design of residential buildings should coordinate the needs of building sunshade and indoor natural ventilation.
In Hainan Province, solar radiation is strong during spring, autumn and part of summer, but natural ventilation can still basically meet people's cooling needs. Therefore, the impact of shading facilities on natural ventilation should be analyzed when designing residential buildings, and the installation location and installation of shading facilities should be analyzed. The form, opening and closing methods, etc. should be conducive to the introduction of outdoor natural wind. ④The shading form of public buildings should integrate the building facade form, functional requirements and building usage methods. Exterior windows should be opened frequently to promote the progress of natural ventilation. The shading design should be carried out simultaneously with the natural ventilation design of the building. The "Hainan Province Residential Building Energy Saving Design Standard" points out that movable or fixed external shading measures should be adopted for the east and west facing exterior windows of residential rooms. , external shading measures must consider earthquake-resistant and typhoon-resistant structures. In order to further accelerate the realization of the construction goal of Hainan Ecological Province and combined with the actual situation of Hainan Province, Hainan Province proposes to promote 20 new building shading technologies in Hainan Province to improve the indoor environment and reduce building energy consumption levels.
Our country is currently in a period of peak economic construction. The area of housing built every year is as high as 1.6 to 2 billion m2, exceeding the total annual construction area of all developed countries, and more than 97% are high-energy-consuming buildings. With this construction growth rate, it is expected that the country's high energy-consuming building area will reach 70 billion m2 by 2020. Therefore, if we do not start paying attention to building energy-saving design now, it will directly exacerbate the energy crisis. The work of building energy conservation is complex and arduous. It involves governments, enterprises and ordinary citizens, many industries and enterprises, new buildings and old buildings, and is very difficult to implement. In the process of promoting building energy conservation, Hainan real estate companies must pay more energy, cost and price, take the initiative, and strive to use regional thermal environment improvement technology to promote building energy conservation and create a number of energy-saving products to serve as Hainan International Tourism Island. Contribute to construction.
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