What are the geographical advantages of Guangdong?
Location, scope and area Guangdong Province is located in the southernmost part of Chinese mainland. It borders Fujian in the east, Jiangxi and Hunan in the north, Guangxi in the west and the South China Sea in the south. The east and west sides of the Pearl River Estuary are bordered by Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions respectively, and the Leizhou Peninsula in the southwest faces Hainan Province across the Qiongzhou Strait. The whole territory is located between 2 9' ~ 25 31' north latitude and 19 45' ~ 117 2' east longitude. The land area of the province is 179,8 square kilometers, accounting for about 1.85% of the national land area; Among them, the island area is 1592.7 square kilometers, accounting for about .89% of the province's land area. There are 759 islands with an area of more than 5 square meters along the coast of the province, ranking third in the country after Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. There are also 1631 open reefs and dry reefs. The coastline of the whole province is 3368.1 kilometers long, ranking first in the country. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone are under the jurisdiction of coastal countries, with a total sea area of 419, square kilometers.
Geomorphology Guangdong is affected by crustal movement, lithology, fold and fault structures and external forces. The landform types are complex and diverse, including mountains, hills, terraces and plains, which account for 33.7%, 24.9%, 14.2% and 21.7% of the total land area of the province respectively, while rivers and lakes only account for 5.5% of the total land area of the province. The terrain is generally high in the north and low in the south, with mountains and high hills in the north. The highest peak, Shikenggan, is 192 meters above sea level and is located at the junction of Yangshan, Ruyuan and Hunan Province. In the south, there are plains and terraces. Most of the mountains in the whole province are consistent with the trend of geological structures, and most of them run from northeast to southwest, such as Luoping Mountain Range, which obliquely runs through western Guangdong, central Guangdong and northeastern Guangdong, and Lianhua Mountain Range in eastern Guangdong. The mountains in northern Guangdong are mostly arc-shaped mountains arched to the south, and there are a few northwest-southeast mountains in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong. There are valleys and basins between mountains. The Pearl River Delta Plain is the largest, followed by Chaoshan Plain, and there are also alluvial plains such as Gaoyao, Qingyuan, Yangcun and Huiyang. The platforms are distributed in Leizhou Peninsula-Dianbai-Yangjiang area and Haifeng-Chaoyang area. Granite is the most common bedrock rock that constitutes all kinds of landforms, and there are also many sandstone and metamorphic rocks. There are also a large area of limestone in northwest Guangdong, and there are also some unique red rock series landforms, such as the famous Danxia Mountain and Jinjiling. Danxia Mountain and Huguangyan in western Guangdong have been successively rated as World Geoparks. A large number of high-quality beaches along the coast and coral reefs on the southwest coast of Leizhou Peninsula are also very important landscape tourism resources. Coastal areas along the river are mostly Quaternary sediments, which are the material basis of cultivated land resources.
Climate Guangdong belongs to the East Asian monsoon region, with a subtropical climate, a subtropical climate and a tropical climate from north to south. It is one of the regions with the richest light, heat and water resources in China. From north to south, the annual average sunshine hours increased from less than 1,5 hours to more than 2,3 hours, the annual total solar radiation was between 4,2 and 5,4 MJ/m2, and the annual average temperature was about 19℃ to 24℃. The average sunshine hours in the province are 1745.8 hours, and the annual average temperature is 22.3℃. The average temperature in January is about 16℃ ~ 19℃, and the average temperature in July is about 28℃ ~ 29℃.
Guangdong is abundant in precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of 13 ~ 25mm, with an average of 1777mm in the province. The spatial distribution of rainfall is basically high in the south and low in the north. Affected by the topography, there are three rainy centers in the windward slope of the mountain which is conducive to the formation of precipitation by water vapor uplift, namely Enping, Haifeng and Qingyuan, and the average annual precipitation is more than 22mm. The average annual precipitation is less than 14 mm in Luoding Basin, Xingmei Basin, Leizhou Peninsula and Chaoshan Plain along the coast. The distribution of precipitation is uneven during the year, and the precipitation in flood season from April to September accounts for more than 8% of the whole year. The interannual variation is also great, and the precipitation in rainy years is more than twice that in dry years.
Floods and droughts often occur, and typhoons have more frequent effects. Low temperature and rainy weather in spring, cold dew wind in autumn, cold wave and frost from late autumn to early spring are also frequent disastrous weather in Guangdong.
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