Pingyao, the impregnable “Turtle and Bagua City”
See Pingyao again.
When I was a child, I often heard my grandfather talk about Pingyao. It was the turning point of my grandfather’s police work when he was young, but it was during the National Day in 1987 that I really saw Pingyao.
That day when I was going to Yuci from Luliang, I suddenly saw an ancient city in the heavy snow. It towered darkly and looked like a mirage in the haze. The oil line of the truck with No. 0 diesel oil was intermittent. It was freezing cold and I was in a hurry to get on my way. Don't bother going to the city. So, Pingyao became my thoughts, and when I stepped into the ancient city, it was another National Day thirty-two years later...
As the saying goes: When you enter Pingyao City, you will be tripped up by silver ingots.
Since ancient times, Pingyao has been a military city; in peaceful times, Pingyao has been a shopping mall that cannot be filled to capacity. Walking into this city, loess, city walls, cooking smoke, blue bricks, gray tiles, wooden doors and windows, it has everything you imagine an ancient city to look like.
The existing Pingyao City Wall is slightly square in plan and has a circumference of 6.2 kilometers. The entire city wall consists of wall body, horse face, horse retaining wall, crenellations, city gates and urns. There are six gates in the city, one in the north and south and two in the east and west. There are 72 watchtowers and 3,000 crenellations around the city.
The city towers, watchtowers, watchtowers, turrets, urns, suspension bridges and moats are all a complete defense system of the ancient city.
From a bird's eye view of Pingyao, the ancient city is a "Turtle and Bagua City". It is said that Fuxi drew the Bagua map because he benefited from the lines on the turtle's back. When Dayu controlled the floods, he also used the lines on the turtle's back to divide the world into nine states.
Therefore, most of the cities built in the shape of turtles in ancient China meant "fixing the golden water, long-term peace and stability", so Pingyao City is known as the "Turtle City" among the people.
There is a folk saying that the ancient city of Pingyao was built under the leadership of Liu Bowen, the "chief counselor" of the Ming Dynasty, because Liu Bowen was good at Feng Shui.
There is a synergy celebration bank account with a treasury underground. The pillar of the treasury is carved from a thousand-year-old camphor wood. Many people believe that this pillar, called the Dragon Pillar, was given by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. A gift from Master Liu. It is said that this divine dragon pillar is located right in the center of the ancient city of Pingyao. It is called the Dragon Vein. This pillar is inserted into the dragon's veins to protect Pingyao from wind and rain.
The ancient city of Pingyao is not strictly south-north, but northwest-southeast. There is a saying here that only the imperial palace is qualified to face south and north, and other buildings cannot be compared with the palace. Moreover, the ancient city of Pingyao is like a long-lived tortoise. If it were facing south and north, the tortoise would speed up and run away. In addition, given the special geography of the Taiyuan Basin, many counties here are not aligned with south and north, such as Fenyang and Jiexiu.
Don’t think that the word “turtle” seems inelegant. In ancient times, turtle was an auspicious animal along with dragon, phoenix and unicorn, symbolizing good luck and longevity.
The layout of the "Turtle City" Pingyao overlaps with the body shape of a turtle. The limbs, head and tail of this turtle are exactly the six gates of Pingyao City.
The south gate is the head of a turtle, and the two wells outside the city are said to be the eyes of a divine turtle. The south gate is named "Yingxun", which means "the smoked wind comes from the south".
The north gate is a turtle's tail, pointing in all directions, and is respected by everyone, so the north gate is also called the "Gongji" gate.
There are two gates in the east and west, each like the stretched limbs of a turtle; the east is exactly in the direction of the sea, so there must be a Dragon King Temple corresponding to it.
South Street is the backbone of this turtle. It is curved in an S shape, showing that this turtle is very energetic when it shakes its head and tail.
The main streets and alleys in the city are shaped like the word "tu", which is like the lines on the back of a turtle. "If you walk on the back of a turtle, you can live ninety-nine."
The entire city of "Turtle City" is centered on the city building, with South Street as the main axis, four east-west, south-north streets, eight small streets, and seventy-two centipede alleys, which resemble the longevity pattern on the back of a turtle. The overall layout of the city follows the Bagua orientation, reflecting the urban planning concepts and shape distribution of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The ancient city has a symmetrical layout, with clearly defined functional areas: the East City God, the West Government Office, the East Confucian Temple, the West Wu Temple, the East Taoist Temple, and the West Temple. The longitude and latitude are intertwined and orderly. It embodies the feudal etiquette pattern of "the rule of man and god, the unity of three religions".
The first horizontal street is Nanmentou Street, which spreads out from the center, with Wen (Temple) in the east and Wu (Temple) in the west. They are symmetrical to each other and are called Zuo Wen and Right Wu. The second horizontal street is Chenghuang Temple Street and Yamen Street, going from the center to the left and right, with Yin (Chenghuang) on the left and Yang (Yamen) on the right. The first horizontal street is East Street and West Street, which are spread out from the center. Looking from left to right, there is Tao (Qingxu Temple) on the left and Buddha (Jifu Temple) on the right. Looking at each other from a distance, there is Bin (Buddha comes from the west, said Bin). ) West, meaning the east.
The final central street, South Street, runs vertically through the horizontal street, thus realizing the character of "king". This street, which runs vertically from north to south, cuts the horizontal street into a Bagua shape. . To the east is the Confucian Temple. Due to the advocacy of Confucianism, the Confucian Temple is the most solemn place for worship in the city. The Confucian Temple occupies a very important position in urban planning. The vertical street is Zhonggong (South Street), which runs through Kanli. The south gate is Li Gua, which represents fire, and the north gate is Kan Gua, which represents water, taking the meaning of water and fire. This street layout constitutes a complete Nine Palaces and Bagua diagram, which encompasses the ancient philosophical ideas of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements, and the unity of nature and man.
"The walls of the small county town are solid, and they still exist after thousands of years. The new wind can see the bustling city, and the old traces can be seen in the yamen." This is a poem left by the modern poet Zhu Fan in the ancient city of Pingyao, which also happened to write the story of the ancient city of Pingyao. Characteristics, this ancient city that has withstood wind and rain for a long time is still standing in the land of Sanjin.
Sanchi Alley smells the aroma of wine deeply, but the Five Elements Road is afraid of luggage. There are many more alleys like this in Pingyao Ancient City that are soaked in ancient charm.
Most of the ancient houses here are courtyards. There are wide stone steps in front of the gate, which are no different from ordinary ancient houses. But when you walk in, you will find a deep courtyard: exquisite eaves made of colorful bricks; The exquisite wood carvings, brick carvings and stone carvings; the Chinese-style ebony window lattice, coupled with the paper-cut window grilles with strong local flavor...everywhere reflects the style of ancient houses in Jindi.
When you stand under the city wall, in a trance, you seem to hear the sounds of hawkers, the scolding of government officials, and the sounds of gongs that have passed through time and space for more than 600 years, disappearing into the vastness. in time and space.
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