Napoleonic Russian campaign
In the summer of 1812, Napoleon assembled his troops, crossed the Neman River on June 24th and declared war on Russia. This war for European hegemony broke out.
At the beginning of the war, Russia had only about 24, troops because of its weak defense, which was not enough to resist Napoleon's invincible army in Europe before. Kutuzov adopted the strategy of retreating and set fire to scorched earth along the way.
After the French army entered the hinterland of Russia, it met with effective resistance from Russian soldiers and civilians. Especially shortly after the start of the war, the weather in Russia quickly entered autumn and winter, and the cold Russian wilderness made the French soldiers coming from afar acclimatized.
the French army is in a state of being attacked on all sides and running out of ammunition and food. At this time, the severe winter approached, and Napoleon I was forced to give up Moscow on October 19 in search of food and warm shelter in the south.
Extended information:
Napoleon's war vision was to March into Moscow, force the Russian army to fight a decisive battle with it, and destroy the main force of the Russian army, so that the czar could kneel at the negotiating table. However, the Russian army pursued the strategy of luring the enemy deep and avoiding the enemy's sharp edge, while Napoleon was not prepared to fight in Russia in winter at all.
In addition, at this time, France's war to conquer Spain was still not over, and the invasion of Russia put France in a situation of fighting on two fronts.
Pride and blind self-confidence made Napoleon misjudge the situation, and he had to withdraw his troops when the enemy's main force was still there after trying to negotiate. As a result, thousands of French soldiers' bodies covered the retreat road from Russia to France.
Napoleon was not warned before the expedition, but the former ambassador to Russia advised him not to stretch the front too long and to be careful of the cold winter in Russia. But 2 years of winning military career made Napoleon lose his vigilance. He didn't listen to other people's different opinions and began to go his own way.
Although the Russian army hardly won a battle, it finally brought down Napoleon in a war of attrition and changed the balance of power in the European continent.
Resources: Baidu Encyclopedia-The War of 1812 between Russia and France.