The eight-character policy of economic development in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China
194 1 year, the financial and economic situation of the liberated areas was extremely difficult due to the attack of the Japanese invaders, the siege and blockade of the Kuomintang die-hards and the attack of natural disasters.
In order to overcome difficulties and persist in the war of resistance, at the end of 1942, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the policy of "developing economy and ensuring supply", and called on the military and civilians in the liberated areas to rely on themselves, overcome difficulties and launch a large-scale production movement. Under the personal leadership of the CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong, the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas carried forward the revolutionary spirit of hard struggle and launched large-scale reclamation production campaigns in Nanniwan, Huaishuzhuang and Dafeng River. The anti-Japanese democratic government in the liberated areas opened up many self-sufficient industries; The army has developed a self-sufficient economy; Farmers are widely organized to develop agricultural production. Great achievements have been made in the mass production movement. Many troops and organs have achieved self-sufficiency or semi-self-sufficiency, smashed the enemy's, puppet and stubborn blockade, overcame serious material difficulties, improved the life of the military and civilians, accumulated experience in economic construction, and laid the material foundation for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory.
second time
Economic difficulties in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic. The people's government is facing the mess left by the Kuomintang government, and we are also facing the imperialist economic blockade.
Starting from 1953, in accordance with the provisions of the general line in the transitional period, agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce were steadily and systematically transformed into socialism. By 1956, China had formed three transformation climaxes and basically completed the socialist transformation task of private ownership of the means of production. At the same time, he began to implement the first five-year plan of socialist construction in China. His basic tasks are: to concentrate on industrial construction consisting of 694 large and medium-sized construction projects centered on 156 construction projects designed by the Soviet Union, and to lay the initial foundation for socialist industrialization in China; Develop some collectively owned agricultural production cooperatives and handicraft production cooperatives to lay a preliminary foundation for the socialist transformation of agriculture and handicrafts; Basically, capitalist industry and commerce will be brought into the orbit of various forms of state capitalism, laying the foundation for the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce. In order to realize the first five-year plan, the central government has taken a series of important measures: vigorously building new industrial enterprises, giving full play to the role of existing industrial and mining enterprises, uniformly deploying and vigorously training construction cadres, launching a campaign to increase production and save money, and implementing the policy of unified purchase and marketing of grain to meet the needs of industrial construction.
the third time
The three-year natural disaster period is from 1959 to 196 1. Serious natural disasters have occurred continuously in China, and a large number of farmland have been affected. Agricultural production reduction, rural "communist wind" and other natural and man-made disasters have seriously affected the food supply, and people and animals have died abnormally. At the same time, the management level, product quality and labor productivity of industrial enterprises have also dropped significantly. In addition, the Soviet government perfidiously tore up the contract and withdrew experts, forcing China's major design projects and scientific research projects to fall by the wayside, destroying the original plan of China's national economy and aggravating China's economic difficulties.
1 961June1day, the Ninth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee officially decided to implement the eight-character policy of "adjusting, consolidating, enriching and improving" the national economy. We should adjust the relationship between the various departments of the country that have changed, consolidate the great achievements of the development and reform of productive forces and relations of production, enrich the contents of some new development undertakings, and improve the quality of new things that need to be further improved. Mainly adopted the following measures to adjust the rural production relations, strengthen the agricultural front, and restore and develop agricultural production; Eliminate the fiscal deficit and stabilize the market; Vigorously shorten the capital construction front, compress the production of heavy industry and reduce the accumulation rate. Due to the correct policies and effective measures, the economic adjustment has achieved remarkable results by 1962. In order to strive for the fundamental improvement of the national economy, the Central Working Conference held in February 1963 began to put forward that in another two or three years, the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" should be continued, mainly to strengthen the existing industrial production capacity and make it complete, and to do a good job in updating a number of equipment; Industrial enterprises began to reorganize according to the principle of special car cooperation, and at the same time improved management and economic benefits. By 1965, the original adjustment task was successfully completed, all economic departments developed in a relatively coordinated manner on a new basis, and the national economy took on a new look.
Enlightenment: 1, self-reliance, hard struggle, mainly relying on their own strength to develop production. 2. Development is the last word, and the key to overcome economic difficulties is to develop the economy itself. 3, economic construction and spiritual civilization construction simultaneously. Whether it is the rectification movement during the great production movement in the 1940s or the anti-corruption, anti-waste and anti-bureaucracy movement within the party, government and army in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, every time we strengthen economic construction, we pay attention to the construction of spiritual civilization and the party's own construction. Facts have proved that our party is an advanced and energetic party. Whenever we encounter difficulties, our party can always lead us to overcome them and lead us to victory. Strengthening the construction of ruling ability in the new period is a new goal put forward by our party under the new historical conditions. Under the leadership of the Party, we will definitely move from victory to victory.