Humanoid robot literature works
Among the classic works Liezi Tang Wen, a hundred schools of thought contend during the Warring States Period, there is a short story called Yan's, which is recognized as the first science fiction novel in the history of China today: an alchemist presented a puppet to the king. This puppet can not only dance, but also sing, and it is fully equipped. Finally, it even winked at the princess, which finally annoyed the king and tore it to pieces. Although Yan Shi is included in the anthology introducing folk alchemy, it is a complete technical fantasy novel in itself and probably the earliest robot science fiction in the world.
Almost at the same time, the image of Daedalus, a skillful craftsman, appeared in ancient Greek mythology. Among his many inventions, there was a bronze servant named Tyrus, who was a bull's head. The bronze man's duty was to protect the treasure of King Milos on Crete, but it was finally destroyed by the "Igor" heroes who visited Golden Sheep. Tyrus may be a robot, too.
In Jewish folklore, there is a dummy "Goering" made of clay. Just put a note with the name of God in a Corinthian's mouth, and it will move like a real person and work hard for its owner.
In a document named Yuefu Miscellanies in the Tang Dynasty, there is also a work that combines robots with sexual cues like Yan's: Magic Capital Khan led Xiongnu soldiers to attack the Western Han Dynasty. Unable to resist, Liu Bang adopted Chen Ping's plan to let a robot beauty sing and dance on the tower. As a result, Morton's wife was jealous, fearing that her husband would treat this beautiful woman as a concubine after entering the city, and simply let him withdraw. In the Tang Dynasty document Memorabilia, the author actually invented 200 scenes of robot performances in the Sui Dynasty royal song and dance festival, which was very spectacular.
Of course, it is the modern western science fiction writers who finally carry forward the theme of robots. 18 16 years, the German writer Hoffman wrote a short science fiction novel "The Sandman". In the novel, Dr. Ke Pyllus, a glasses manufacturer, created a female robot. She is beautiful and mysterious, and the protagonist Nathaniel is deeply obsessed with it. The story is full of dreams and metaphors because the female robot has no trace of description. This novel was selected by psychoanalyst Freud and is famous as a case to prove the existence of the subconscious mind.
1886, the French writer Lill Adam named this humanoid machine "Android" in his novel Eve in the future, which consists of four parts:
1. Life system (balance, walking, vocalization, body swing, feeling, expression, regulating action, etc. );
2. Modeling degeneration (metal shell with freely movable joints, a kind of armor);
3. Artificial muscles (the armor above has the basic forms of the body such as muscles, veins and gender characteristics);
4. Artificial skin (including skin color, mechanism, contour, hair, vision, teeth, claws, etc. ).
1920, Czech writer Karel Capec published the sci-fi script "Universal Robot of Rosam". In the script, Capec wrote the Czech word "Robota" as "Robota", which means slave. The drama predicted the tragic impact of the development of robots on human society, which attracted widespread attention and was regarded as the origin of the word robot. In the play, the robot works silently according to the master's orders; Have no feelings and feelings, and engage in heavy labor mechanically. Later, Rosam succeeded, which made robots have feelings, leading to a rapid increase in the application departments of robots. Robots have become an indispensable part of factories and housework. The robot found that human beings were very selfish and unfair and finally rebelled. Robots are excellent in physical quality and intelligence, thus destroying human beings.
But the robot didn't know how to make itself, thinking that it was going to be extinct soon, so it began to look for human survivors, but there was no result. Finally, a pair of male and female robots with superior perception fell in love. At this time, robots evolved into humans and the world came back to life.
Capec puts forward the problems of safety, perception and self-reproduction of robots. The progress of science and technology is likely to cause problems that human beings do not want to appear. Although the science fiction world is just an imagination, human society is likely to face this reality.
1872, SamuelButler, a writer who immigrated from England to New Zealand, published the science fiction fantasy country. This country forbids the use of any machines because its rulers are afraid that machines will improve day by day and eventually replace human beings. This is the nightmare that "machine life" replaces human beings for the first time in science fiction. However, in the early days of the industrial age, this fear was widespread among workers whose jobs were taken away by machines. 1909, an "automatic machine" that killed its owner clearly appeared in the science fiction novel Master Mosan by Bierce A.
Before 1938' s science fiction short story Karen Oro appeared, robots had always been the image of rebels in science fiction. In this novel written by Delly, two young scientists make a female robot as beautiful as a fairy and make it emotional. She fell in love with one of the scientists and finally got married after many twists and turns. Many years later, the scientist died, and the robot wife who could have lived forever was also a double suicide. This theme seems nothing new now, but it is a breakthrough in that era of fear of machine civilization.
After World War II, Asimov, a great science fiction writer, summed up his experience and promoted the description of robots in science fiction to a systematic and rational level. He created the famous three laws of robots:
1, the robot must not hurt people, or make people hurt and do nothing.
2. Robots should obey all human commands, unless these commands conflict with the first law.
Robots must protect their own safety, but they can't violate the first and second laws.
Around these three laws, Asimov constructed a series of ingenious robot stories. Some of these Robot short stories are included in I, Robot (I, Robot, 1950) and The Robot Sequel (TheRestoftheRobots, 1964). Later, it can be found in The Bicentennial People and Other Stories (Thebicentennialman &；; Amp Other stories, 1976). In addition, Asimov also wrote many novels with robots as the theme: 1953 "The Body of Steel", 1956 "The Body of the Sun" and so on.
In addition, Asimov's robot belongs to the "doll-shaped robot". This kind of robot is just a general humanoid, which can be roughly divided into trunk, head and limbs, and it is not even so clear. No matter how developed their spiritual world is, they are obviously different from human beings in appearance and are a synthesis of metal devices. Robot fantasy has developed from ancient times to modern times, and there is a spiral rise from humanoid robot to humanoid robot and back to humanoid robot. In the heyday of Asimov's creation, most robots in science fiction were such silly tin cans.
There is basically no bloody and dark atmosphere in Asimov's robot story. He sketched humorous wisdom and even some simple images for our robot friends. For example, a robot (KeyItem, 1946) requires a programmer to say "thank you" before starting work; A robot that arranged a coup for the presidency (evidence,1946); Robots that tried to commit suicide because they were tired of suppressing tasks (AlltheTroublesintheWorld,1959); In order to pursue the definition of human beings, robots finally have to include themselves (... the considerate Fulofhim, 1974).
One of the most magnificent is the computer "the last question" (1959), which came to an end with the universe itself and finally appeared as a god, rebuilding the universe in nothingness. That computer itself was made by its predecessor. It can be said that it already has all the essential characteristics of life: the ability of self-evolution.
Asimov's science fiction about robots has caused great repercussions not only among science fiction fans, but also among professional scientists. Minsky, a famous American artificial intelligence expert working at MIT, invited Asimov to visit his research, but Asimov refused because he was worried that his imagination "would be suppressed by these annoying realities".
Machines have no souls, and robots have no souls, which is precisely the key to the theme of robots. The theme describing robot madness is the edge ball in science fiction works. The robot in this kind of story is between "soulless" and "soulless". Theoretically, the robot is crazy because of a program error, which belongs to a mechanical failure. But their behavior after madness often has human characteristics. In works, crazy robots usually play villains.
This is how the movie "Iron Man Agent" is handled. The robots there used to be video game toys, which can play war games with little boys. But its program was modified by its designer with a military robot program, which contained the original command of "kill your opponent at all costs". At first, it fought with children with harmless plastic balls. Slowly replaced by steel balls, knives, saws and electricity! And with the improvement of learning ability, agent Iron Man's actions become more and more hidden.
In this crazy story, Ortiz, a British science fiction writer, published Who Can Replace Man? "Very humorous. The characters in the whole article are intelligent machines: field cultivators, seed distributors, document writers, lock-openers ... They heard that human beings destroyed themselves in the war and wanted to go to the city to replace people. It was not until the end of the story that a miserable living person appeared. When the hungry refugee gave the order, the aggressive robot immediately followed suit.
In Asimov's work "The 200-year-old Man", Andrew, a robot servant, served the Martin family for four generations, and finally gave up the robot body, became a human form and died with his beloved. This story is not only touching in itself, but also reflects the changing trend of the theme of artificial man: from doll-shaped robot to primitive humanoid robot. The so-called humanoid robot is a robot whose appearance is exactly the same as that of human beings, so that onlookers can't distinguish it.
In the 1970s, China just came out of monotony. At that time, thousands of people flocked to the cinema to watch an American film called Future World. This is the first time that people in China have seen a science fiction movie. Wow, a robot exactly like a real person! Chasing, fighting ... Of course, the real people finally defeated their robot body body double, but the audience was already sweating.
In that era when there were not many ways of entertainment, the film was played many times, and the radio station (TV was not popular yet) kept playing its audio clips. Although it is only a second-rate American science fiction film, it has a China audience that other science fiction films in that special era did not have. The concept of "robots threatening human beings" also spread to China with the movie, although it was several decades later than the West.
Future World is actually a sequel to a sci-fi movie called westworld, but it was only introduced to China in the late 1980s. With the great enrichment of entertainment means, not many people pay attention to it. Westworld describes a paradise similar to Disney. All life there, including poisonous snakes and beasts, is a machine. Finally, the cowboy actor composed of robots lost control and began to slaughter tourists.
Future World brings the theme of robots to China science fiction writers. A large number of China sci-fi works describing robots came out. Like this movie, most of them describe humanoid robots. But in these science fiction novels, robots are mostly just an ornament, either workers or domestic servants, and there are few distinctive and in-depth works. Among them, Tender Hometown Dream (created by Wei Yahua) was outstanding, and even won the China Prize for Best Short Story.
The hero in the novel, with a tendency of male chauvinism, wants to get a really obedient wife, but he can't get one in reality, so he buys a robot wife. This charming wife is so obedient to her husband that he burned his research results when he was drunk, and the robot wife lit the fire for him.
Since humanoid robots are so similar to humans, it is better to be a body body double. Huang Hai, a pioneer of science fiction in Taiwan Province Province, once wrote a science fiction novel named Time Company. It's about a company developing a business to provide a body double for busy people, which is equivalent to selling time. Coincidentally, more than 20 years later, Feng Zhigang, a mainland science fiction writer, also published body double, a science fiction novel with a similar theme.
How complicated the machine is to be considered as a human being is perhaps the biggest problem and the main suspense in the subject of artificial human. In the sci-fi movie "Thunderbolt V", the sign that robots become people is to understand humorous stories. In Song of Life, the secret that robots get rid of machinery and become human beings is a piece of music composed of DNA.
Wang Jinkang's Song of Life is a classic work about humanoid robots by China science fiction writers. The robot "Yuanyuan" in the story is a robot with the image of a child forever, but his wisdom becomes more and more mature with age. Finally, he found a magic weapon that can let him enter the boundary of life-music composed of genetic code. Yuan Yuan wants to lose this "song of life" to robot partners in all corners of the world. Does that mean the end of mankind? The author gives a completely unexpected answer.
When we say that someone is like a machine, it is mostly derogatory, meaning that he does not know how to be flexible, but only knows how to obey orders. Robots usually try their best to show this "mechanical" in stories. In Terminator, the robot's shell was burned, its body was blown up, and it had to carry out an assassination mission. Never die.
Contrary to the indomitable and invincible robots in Terminator, there are also quite weak humanoid robots in science fiction works. In Alien, humanoid robots have no magic. They are as fragile as people. Fighting can't stop the strong man, and it can't stop the powerful "heterogeneous". When they do scientific research, they also need to pass through instruments and equipment like people, instead of putting instruments in their bodies. They only performed once in the movie. At the beginning of the second episode, the humanoid robot master put his hand flat on the table and quickly stabbed his finger with a sharp knife, showing its accuracy. But even this time, the performance failed: the robot punctured the skin and shed white artificial blood, which was seen by the hostess.
The humanoid robot described by Phil Pudick in blade runner is somewhere in between. When fighting alone, human individuals are not their opponents at all when fighting. But their strength is limited and their life span is only four years. This story puts the robot in a sympathetic position. The best of them broke through the human defense line and returned to the earth, trying to prolong life and finally gain human emotions. However, human beings sent agents code-named "blade runner" to get rid of these flesh and blood without mercy.
At the end of the film, although the robot leader was able to subdue blade runner, he did not take his life, but died in the cold wind and rain after pouring out his inner pain. In this work, robots respect life more than humans.