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What is the relationship between man and nature, architecture and environment, function and art? "I think people and nature and architecture have always been inseparable. Especially in China, due to its vast territory, the natural environment varies greatly from place to place. In the past, the economy was underdeveloped and people could not choose the natural environment. People can only transform it through their own efforts and create their own living conditions. " On August 6, at the International Forum on Asian Culture and Architecture held in Beijing, Lou Qingxi, a professor at the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, described it from the perspective of cultural tradition and architectural style.

The connotation and development prospect of architecture are expounded.

Professor Lou Qingxi, a professor at the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, has been engaged in the research and teaching of architectural history in China for a long time. In his early years, as an assistant to Mr. Liang Sicheng, he was a member of China Construction Society and won the academic essence of Mr. Liang.

Lou Qingxi said that the ancient villages in China are closely related to the natural landscape. People pay attention to the management of the water inlet, the water inlet is unblocked, the water outlet is closed, and the financial resources are rolling in. Hongcun, known as the world cultural heritage, is famous for its soil and water, putting water through every household and even in front of the courtyard; The covered bridge at the entrance of Dongzhai village in Guizhou is not only the main road of traffic, but also can be used for commerce and water conservancy. There is also the Feng Shui Tower in Zhejiang. This landmark building is only symbolic, and it can't build more houses in the village, but it becomes a symbolic symbol of the village entrance. They all create a beautiful scenery in the big environment.

Cave dwellings in Shanxi and quadrangles in rural areas are quadrangles, but are they different from quadrangles in cities? In the natural environment, he went out to farm and looked up at the mountains, so its quadrangles were closely connected with the surrounding environment, forming a harmonious environment. Just in Zhejiang, we investigated and found that his yard is open, with no wing in front, and it is completely integrated with nature. Guizhou Diaojiaolou, hanging downstairs, near the mountain and water, full of green; Dai folk houses are also integrated into the surrounding greening; There is also a mountain bag at the foot of Tianshan Mountain, called felt bag. ...

So temples and cities also have quadrangles, but the countryside is different. A large number of rural temples are not quadrangular, but also completely in harmony with nature. There is a yard inside, a corridor outside and a pavilion.

I think the characteristic of local architecture is to use local materials and traditional materials to build buildings suitable for the local environment, so as to achieve a high degree of unity between function and environment. For example, the natural beauty of bridges built with stones in rural areas is not only manifested in stones, but also in different buildings. The beam is an important part of our transverse structure. The craftsmen made the sides slightly pointed to form a circle. We call them "Moon", "Big Moon" and "Little Moon", which are labor-saving and beautiful. We have noticed that craftsmen have no drawings in the process of processing, and the drawings are in their hearts and in their hands. This is his vitality.

The unity of function and art is not only reflected in the local architecture, but also in the local environment, villagers' utensils, costumes, production and other aspects. This is the keeper, and the whole thing is very lively. This is a folk house in Guangdong, with couplets and door gods posted outside. When you open the front door inside, there are still auspicious words, and there are gossip and demon mirrors on the door.

In a word, this unity of function and art can be expressed in all aspects of villagers' material life and spiritual life. If we look at the current world heritage standards, both natural heritage and cultural heritage, including intangible cultural heritage, should be protected by all mankind. With the development of economy, the production and lifestyle in rural areas will inevitably change, but some or even all of these memories will be lost, but the general public will seek beauty in production and life. The harmony between people and buildings and the natural environment has always been our human pursuit.