The Architectural Layout of Humble Administrator's Garden

The Humble Administrator's Garden covers an area of 78 mu (about 52,000 square meters) and is divided into four parts: East, Middle, West and Residential. Folk houses are typical Suzhou folk houses, which are arranged as exhibition halls of garden museums. Most of the existing buildings in the Humble Administrator's Garden were rebuilt when the Humble Administrator's Garden became the loyal palace garden of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1850). By the end of the Qing Dynasty, three relatively independent small gardens were formed in the east, middle and west. The central part is the main attraction and essence of Humble Administrator's Garden. The area is about 18.5 mu. Its overall layout is centered on the pool, and pavilions are built by the water, and some pavilions are straight out of the water, which is quite characteristic of Jiangnan water town. The pool water area accounts for 3/5 of the whole park area (another data: 1/3). The swimming pool is lush and natural. Buildings of different shapes and heights are arranged at the water's edge, with clear priorities. The overall pattern still maintains the rich, simple and elegant artistic style of Ming gardens. The "Yuanxiangtang" featuring lotus fragrance is the main building of the main scenic spot of Humble Administrator's Garden in Central China. Located on the south bank of the pool, the pool faces the East-West Mountain Island. The pool is clear and vast, and lotus flowers are planted everywhere. The mountain island is covered with vines, and there is a bridge between the two valleys. There are two pavilions on the mountain island, "Xiang Xue Weiyun Pavilion" in the west and "Daishuang Pavilion" in the east, with four seasons scenery. The "Yu Yixuan" in the west of Yuanxiangtang is far from the boat-shaped "Xiangzhou" in the west (the name Xiangzhou means arrogant temperament with vanilla), and the two forms a tripartite confrontation with the "Lotus Pavilion" in the north, so you can enjoy the lotus as you like. There is a water inlet to the west of Yuxuan, which goes deep into Nanzhai. There are three water pavilions "Little Canglang" separated by the covered bridge "Little Hong Fei" in the north, forming a quiet water courtyard.

Judging from the architectural names of Humble Administrator's Garden, most of them are related to lotus flowers. The reason why Wang wants to vigorously promote Lotus is mainly to show his noble character. The central scenic spot-loquat garden also has fine gardens such as micro-architecture, Yulantang and Jianshanlou. According to "Humble Administrator's Garden" and "Returning to the Garden", the garden is "empty, water stands in it, and the trees are slightly sparse", "the ground can pool, the soil can pool, and the mountains can be mountains. Ikenoe, you can have a house among the mountains. " It fully embodies the advantages of making more use of accumulated water in the humble administrator's garden and dredging it into a pool; It looks like a lake, forming a swaying personality and characteristics. The existing water surface in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden is nearly six acres, accounting for about one third of the garden area. "All pavilions and pavilions are based on water", creating a cheerful atmosphere in a large area of water garden space, basically maintaining the characteristics of "bare forest" in the Ming Dynasty.

Early humble administrator's garden, with lush trees, confused water color and natural scenery. The buildings in the park are very sparse, only "one hall, six pavilions on the first floor", and the number of buildings is very small, which is far lower than the building density in today's gardens. Bamboo fences, thatched pavilions and thatched huts are integrated with the natural landscape, which is simple and elegant and has a unique natural scenery. The existing landscape in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden accounts for about three-fifths of the garden area. There are two islands in the pool, and the Chi Pan at the top of the mountain is dotted with only a few pavilions and small buildings, which makes the scenic spot look sparse, elegant and natural. Although this layout has not yet taken shape in the Ming Dynasty, it has the demeanor of a humble administrator's garden in the Ming Dynasty. Garden architecture of humble administrator's garden. Most of them were single in the early days, and great changes took place in the late Qing Dynasty. First of all, the number of garden buildings such as pavilions, verandahs and painted boats has increased significantly. The building density in the middle reaches 16.3%. Secondly, the architecture tends to group combination, and the courtyard space changes twists and turns. For example, as can be seen from the map of Wen Zhiming Humble Administrator's Garden, there is only a small pavilion near the water. During the Eight Banners period, the Feng Zhi Guild Hall was already a group of house boat. The pavilions and covered bridges such as Xiaofeihong, Dezhen Pavilion, Educated Youth Yiyuan, Xiaocanglang and Tingsongfeng are surrounded by water and have a unique style. There is also a group of gardens to the east of Shuiting, namely loquat garden, which consists of three groups of courtyards: Haitang Chunwu, Tingyuxuan and Jiashi Pavilion. The main building is Linglong Pavilion. Between the landscape and the house, these two courtyards are interspersed, which better solves the transition between the house and the garden. At the same time, for the landscape, because of the contrast of these courtyard spaces of different sizes, the main space is more spacious and spacious

The appearance and change of this garden-style courtyard space in the garden is likely to be related to the reduction of garden area, except for the reasons of use. The humble administrator's garden in Guangxu period was only 1.2 hectares. Like other gardens in Suzhou, it occupies a small area, so the primary task of gardening activities is to create infinite natural landscapes in a small space. This kind of garden-in-garden, multi-space courtyard combination and spatial division and infiltration ",contrast and contrast;" The combination of concealment and manifestation of space, the twists and turns of space between reality and reality, concealment and exposure; The purpose of putting space in the first place, promoting it first and then restraining it is to break through the limitations of space and obtain the effect of seeing the big from the small, thus obtaining rich landscapes. This treatment is of universal significance in Suzhou gardens, and it is also the same feature of Suzhou gardens. Guan: It refers to Daoxiang. Outside the front wall, it's all farmland. In the harvest season, autumn wind brings waves of fragrant rice, which makes people ecstatic, hence the name. Xiangxiang Pavilion is the main building in the east, facing the water across the mountain, and its interior is spacious and bright. There are 48 boxwood carving on the long window skirt, which are exquisitely carved, rich in layers and lifelike. Exquisite wood carvings on French windows and skirts make the makeup of Xiangxiang Pavilion quaint and tasteful.

Han Qing Pavilion: There are many changes in garden buildings, pavilions and pavilions. The pavilion is a small house with only a roof and no walls. It is exquisite and light, and generally consists of three parts: roof, column and abutment. In the garden, you can enjoy the scenery, and it can also provide people with a place to rest, cool and shelter from the rain. Hanqing Pavilion is located in a corner with a narrow space. The whole exhibition hall is like a phoenix spreading its wings, adding flying momentum to the originally dull and monotonous wall. Sit by the pavilion, beside the beauty, the sky is high and the clouds are light, koi fish is paddling, and the lotus is swaying.

Tian Quan Pavilion: It is an octagonal double-eaved pavilion with high eaves, a cloister outside, solemn and simple, and a sitting sill between columns. Surrounded by lawns, flowers and trees are sparse. There is a small slope in Tingbeipinggang with lush trees. There is an ancient well in the pavilion, which is said to be the remains of Dahong Temple in Yuan Dynasty, hence the name "Tian Quan". This well is not dry all the year round, and the water quality is sweet, so it is called "Tian Quan".

Lotus Pavilion: Pavilion is a beautiful architectural form in ancient China. It is composed of the surrounding scenery, and its form is flexible and changeable. Half of the lotus pavilion was built on the shore and half extended to the water. The spirit is empty on the water waves, standing by the water, beautiful and ingenious. This pavilion faces the wide pool and is a good place to enjoy lotus in summer.

Yunfeng: To the north of Lanxuetang, the peaks stand in the shade of trees and bamboos, and the two peaks in northern Shanxi stand side by side, named "Lian Bi". Zhuan Yunfeng and Lianbi Peak are the scenic spots in the garden, belonging to the garden. The shape of the decorated Yunfeng gradually becomes larger from bottom to top, and its top is particularly powerful, like a cloud, independent and unsupported. This peak is mottled with moss and vines, and there is no lack of ancient meaning. Xiangzhou: It's a "boat" structure with two cabins. It is elegant and free, and its posture is reflected in the water, which is more elegant and smart. Xiangzhou entrusted the ideals and feelings of literati.

Xiang Xue Wei Yun Pavilion: Xiang Xue refers to plum blossoms. Wei Yun refers to lush flowers and trees. This pavilion is suitable for enjoying plums in early spring. Plums are planted next to the pavilion, and the fragrance is floating. Also known as the Winter Pavilion.

Wuzhu Youzhai: Wuzhu Youzhai is a pavilion with unique architectural style and ingenious conception, which is the main scenic spot in central Dong Chi. This pavilion is backed by the promenade, facing the Guangchi, surrounded by phoenix trees and bamboo. The wonder of the pavilion is that there are four round holes on the white wall around it, with holes in the ring and holes in the ring. From different angles, you can see the strange landscape of overlapping circles, rings and rings. "Bamboo in seclusion" was inscribed by Wen Zhiming.

Song Feng Shui Ge: Pine, bamboo and plum are called "Three Friends of Old Cold" in China traditional culture. Pine trees do not wither when they are cold, and the seasons are evergreen. The ancients compared them to people with noble moral sentiments. Gu Zhuo's figure is often painted in paintings, which is one of the main tree species in China gardens. Songfeng Shuige, also known as "Listening to Songfeng", is a place to watch Songtao and listen to waves.

Hong Fei Junior: This is an extremely rare covered bridge in Suzhou gardens. The scarlet bridge fence is reflected in the water, and the water waves are sparkling like flying rainbows, hence the name. The ancients used rainbows as a metaphor for bridges, with good intentions. It is not only a channel connecting the water surface and the land, but also constitutes a unique landscape centered on the bridge, which is a classic landscape of the Humble Administrator's Garden.

Yuanxiangtang: Yuanxiangtang is a square temple, which is the main building in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden and built on the former site of Ruoshutang. The platform in the north of Tang Tang is spacious, and the water in the pool is big and clear. The name of this hall comes from Lotus. In summer, the lotus leaf field by the pool is a good place to enjoy lotus.

Haitang Spring House: The independent courtyard separated by the flower wall on the east side of Linglong Pavilion is Haitang Spring House. A unique scroll-shaped brick forehead is embedded in the south wall of the courtyard. Two begonias in the hospital. The ground of the courtyard is inlaid with green, red and white pebbles, forming a pattern of begonia. Echoes with begonia flowers.

Tingyuxuan: In the east of Jiashige, it is connected with the surrounding buildings by an arc corridor. There is clear water in front of the porch and lotus flowers are planted; There are banana bamboos by the pool, and a bunch of bananas are planted under the porch, which set each other off. Rain drops on different plants, and people who listen to the rain have different mentality, so they can hear the sound of rain with different tastes, and the realm is wonderful.

Yulantang: It is an independent and closed quiet courtyard. Yulantang is tall and spacious, with a small and exquisite courtyard. The south wall is towering, like drawing paper, and there are rattan grass paintings on the wall. There are flower beds, Tianzhu and bamboo bushes under the wall, and there are several peaks of lake rock, magnolia and osmanthus, which are fragrant and pleasant in color. Li Ting: There is also a small pavilion behind Fan Ting, called "Li Ting". "Dai" means hat. The pavilion is round, with a gentle slope at the top, just like a hat, hidden among the leafy grass trees.

Yiliang Pavilion: On the left of other caves, there is a rockery. Along the stone path on the rockery, there is a hexagonal pavilion at the top of the mountain, which is the "Yiliang Pavilion".

Thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion (Eighteen Datura Flower Pavilion): It is the main building of the West Garden. It is called "Eighteen Datura Flower Pavilion" in the south and "Thirty-six Yuanyang Pavilion" in the north, which is a form of Yuanyang Pavilion in ancient buildings. The south hall is the hall of eighteen Datura flowers, and Datura is camellia. Beitang was named after Linchi once raised thirty-six pairs of mandarin ducks. The ceiling of the Yuanyang Building is arched, which not only covers the beam frame on the roof beautifully, but also uses this arched roof to reflect the sound, enhance the acoustic effect, and make the lingering sound linger around the beam.

Inverted studio (night scene): Inverted studio mainly looks at the reflection in the water. This building is divided into two floors. Downstairs is the "Bai Wen Shenyi House". Wen refers to, Shen refers to Shen Zhou. They are all famous painters in Suzhou, and Shen Zhou is Wen Zhiming's teacher. At that time, the owner of Xiyuan, Zhang Yu, built this building in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894) to show his admiration. The reflection is picturesque and the scenery is excellent.

Tingting: This is a single-story pavilion. It is very light, with windows on all sides and a platform in front. It is an excellent place to enjoy the rainy scenery in Hà Thu. The most noteworthy thing in the museum is the three-dimensional sculpture of pine, bamboo, plum and magpie flying covers in Qing Dynasty. Skilled in knife work and ingenious in conception, it softens the two patterns of "Three Friends in Cold Years" and "Magpie Climbing Plums", which is a rare boutique in garden cornices.

Fu Cuige: It's an octagonal two-story building, tall and majestic, really eye-catching. There are dense trees and lush vegetation on the mountain, and the building seems to float on a piece of green shade, hence the name "Floating Cuige".

Tayingge: It's wonderful to look back at the Tayingge while staying at the Tingge. The pointed octagonal pavilion is a unique landscape in western gardens, reflecting the water like a pagoda, dignified and pleasant.

Who is sitting on the porch with: The pavilion is very chic and made into a folding fan. Su Dongpo has a saying, "Who will sit with you? The moon, the breeze, me ",hence the name" Who will sit with me on the porch ". The entrance is built by water, and its plane shape is fan-shaped. The roof, porch door, window opening, stone table, stone bench, porch top, lampshade, wall plaque and half column are all fan-shaped, so they are also called "fan pavilions".

Corrugated Gallery: The water gallery at the junction of West Garden and Middle Garden is a rare structure elsewhere. Seen from the plane, the water gallery is L-shaped circular pool layout, which is divided into two sections, which are built according to the water. The southern section starts from the mouth of the cave and ends at the 36-yuan Yang Pavilion. The northern section ends in an inverted photo studio and hangs on the water. Bian Lan Tangxue:

The blue school is hung in the blue school, facing south. Department: The Book of Zhu Yizun. Note: Fragrant as blue, white as snow. It also reflects the noble character of the garden owner. Close:

Xiangtang block letters, hanging under the eaves of Xiangtang, facing south. Department: There is no inscription on the plaque. Note: Wuguxiang Pavilion. Jiashiting:

Official script, hanging in Jiashi Pavilion, facing north. Department: "levy". Note: The fruitful exhibition hall. Blue school couplets:

This place is the former site of Guitian. On that day, friends attended the high meeting, poetry and wine lingered, and there was a Qiong Yao tree, wanting to see the old moonlight; Siyuan is a famous area in Wu, surrounded by flowers and trees and terraced fields. Look at the ten thousand square skirts, which account for the prosperity of spring scenery. Department: "Bing Yinchun Zhai Yi Qian, written in Beiyunlou". Note: This place is the former site of pastoral residence in Ming Dynasty. I wanted to win friends, drink and write poems in the garden in Gao Peng, so I stayed. I see that plum blossoms are still in full bloom today, and the moonlight in the old days is still brilliant; This garden is a famous place in Suzhou. Now, the ancient garden is brand-new, the flowers and trees are sparse, the balcony is hidden, and tourists from all directions gather together to enjoy the beautiful spring. Dezhen Pavilion:

Pine and cypress have nature; Stone saw the core of the alliance. Department: "Kang Youwei". ⊙ Note: Pine and cypress have a firm nature that is not afraid of cold, and the rock-solid alliance shows a lifelong oath. Lotus wind pavilion in all directions:

Four-walled lotus and three-sided willow; Half pond autumn water is a well. Department: No signature. ⊙ Note: In summer, there are lotus flowers in full bloom in the surrounding pools; In spring, weeping willows are graceful on three sides; The two curved bridges are separated from the water, only looking at the autumn water and half a pool; When the dead trees on the mountain fall into the water in winter, you can enjoy the beauty of imagination.