What inspired and invented the article?
It starts with a day in 1764. James hargreaves, a textile worker in Lancashire, England, came home that night. When he opened the door, he accidentally kicked over the spinning machine that his wife was using. His first reaction was to straighten the spinning machine quickly. But when he bent down, he suddenly froze. It turned out that he saw that the spinning machine that had been kicked down was still turning, but the spindle that had been horizontal had now become upright. It suddenly occurred to him that if several spindles were arranged vertically and driven by a spinning wheel, wouldn't it be possible to spin more yarns at one time? Hargreaves was so excited that he immediately tried to do so. The next day, he built a new spinning machine, and a spinning wheel drove eight vertical spindles, which improved the efficiency eight times at once. 1764 made a spinning machine named after her daughter Jenny. This is the earliest multi-spindle manual spinning machine, equipped with eight spindles, which are fed by rollers. Suitable for spinning cotton, wool and hemp fibers. The appearance of Jenny spinning machine caused the panic of a large number of manual spinning machines at that time. They rushed into Hargreaves' house and destroyed the machine. 1768 J. Hargreaves and others set up a spinning workshop in Nottingham to produce knitting yarn with Jenny spinning machine. Because he failed to apply for a patent in those years, he had to make his own Jenny machine to make money. Jenny machine is not only efficient, but also has better yarn quality, so Hargreaves' business is good and Jenny machine is gradually popularized.
That night, after dinner, Mr. and Mrs. Hargreaves talked about the growing wealth that Jenny brought them. Suddenly a rush of footsteps appeared at his door, then the door was violently knocked down and a group of angry men and women rushed in. They couldn't help saying that they destroyed all the Jenny machines made in the room: "Go to hell with the harmful machines you made!" Someone even set fire to Hargreaves' house. The couple were driven out of a small town in Lancashire.
It turns out that after the British industrial revolution, a large number of farmers who lost their land flooded into cities to work for factory owners to make a living. At that time, the British occupied India as a colony, and the cotton textiles produced in India were cheap and popular for a while, which triggered the prosperity of the British cotton spinning industry. However, due to the invention of shuttle technology by mechanic Kay, the productivity of textile machinery has been greatly improved The cotton yarn needed for weaving is still slowly spun by spinning wheels of many household handicrafts. Therefore, cotton yarn is in short supply and the purchase price is higher. The invention of "Jenny machine" increased the output of cotton yarn, so the price of cotton yarn purchased by weaving mills fell. Those spinning workers who don't use Jenny machines not only have low output, but also can't sell at a good price. After a long time, their anger broke out and the scene of destroying the plane happened.
Mr. and Mrs. Hargreaves had to live in the streets of Nottingham, but they still tried to improve Jenny's machine.
1768, Hargreaves obtained the patent; By 1784, "Jenny machine" has been increased to 80 spindles. Four years later, there were 20,000 Jenny machines in Britain.
Watt and the steam engine
One summer morning, the weather was fine, and the thrush was singing a sweet song in the tree. On the campus of Glasgow University in England, there is a man walking. He walked slowly up and down on the green lawn. He sometimes looked at the vast sky, sometimes looked at the flat playground, and sometimes frowned ... Suddenly, a smile appeared on his face and his mood suddenly brightened. He came up with an effective solution to the steam engine. He ran happily, his feet flying fast. In an instant, he appeared on the operating platform that accompanied him for many years.
P.S. Watt recalled his creative inspiration and said, "It was a sunny Sunday afternoon, and I went out for a walk. From the gate at the end of Saloto Street, I came to the grass and walked past the old laundry. I was still thinking about the steam engine, and then I came to the shepherd's hut. Then it suddenly occurred to me that because a steam engine is an elastic substance, it can rush into a vacuum. If the cylinder is connected to the exhaust container, the steam will suddenly rush into the container, and the steam can condense in the container without cooling the cylinder! When these are mature in my mind, I haven't walked to the golf course yet. " (The above supplementary content comes from the history textbook published by Beijing Normal University)