What are the typical monsoon climate characteristics of tea-producing areas in our province?
I. South China Tea Region
The tea areas in the south of China include Dazhangxi and Yanshixi in Fujian, Meijiang and Lianjiang in Guangdong, Jiang Xun and Hongshui River in Guangxi, Nanpanjiang, Wuliangshan, Baoshan and south of Yingjiang in Yunnan. The administrative regions include southeastern Fujian, Taiwan Province Province, central and southern Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi, southern Yunnan and Hainan.
The temperature in tea-growing areas in South China is the highest among the four major tea-growing areas, with the annual average temperature above 20℃, the monthly average temperature above 1 0℃, the accumulated temperature above 10℃ above 6500℃, the frost-free period above 300 days, and the annual extreme minimum temperature not lower than -3℃, in Taiwan Province Province and. Tea trees can grow all year round, and new buds can sprout many times a year. There is abundant rainfall, with an annual average rainfall of 1200 ~ 2000mm, with more than 50% in summer and less in winter. Drought often occurs in some areas from June to February, but there are many forests and high air humidity in mountainous areas. The soil is red soil and latosol, with deep soil layer, mostly loose loam or loam, low active calcium content, high fertility and organic matter content between 1%-4%, which is the most suitable growth area for tea trees.
There are abundant tea varieties in South China, mainly arbor-type big-leaf varieties, and small-arbor-type and shrub-type small-leaf varieties are also distributed, such as Mengku big-leaf tea, Fengqing big-leaf tea, Hainan big-leaf tea, Lingyun baimao tea, Phoenix Narcissus, Hong Ying No.1, Tieguanyin, Huangbai and so on. The varieties of tea produced are oolong tea, Kung Fu black tea, black broken tea, Pu 'er tea, green tea, scented tea and famous tea.
Second, the southwest tea area.
Tea-producing areas in southwest China include Mirun Mountain, Hongshui River, Nanping Mountain, Yingjiang River North, Shennongjia, Wushan, Fangdou Mountain, Wuling Mountain West and Dadu River East. The administrative regions include north-central Yunnan, northwestern Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and southeastern Tibet.
Southwest tea-growing areas are relatively high, most of which are above 500 meters above sea level, belonging to plateau tea-growing areas. The terrain is complex and the climate changes greatly. The annual average temperature is above 15.5℃, the lowest temperature is generally around -3℃, and it can reach -8℃ in some areas. ≥ 10℃ The accumulated temperature is 4000℃~ 5800℃, and the frost-free period is 220 ~ 340 days. The temperature in spring and autumn is almost the same, and the temperature in summer is lower than that in other tea areas, so there is no obvious high temperature weather. The temperature in winter is lower than that in South China, but higher than that in Jiangnan and Jiangbei tea areas.
The southern margin of Sichuan Basin is hilly and mountainous, with superior climatic conditions. The annual average temperature is above 18.0℃, the accumulated temperature is above 5500℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is not lower than -4℃. The frost-free period is 220 ~ 340 days. The daily average minimum temperature in Yunnan is above 10.0℃, and the monthly average maximum temperature is around 24.0℃, with four seasons like spring, and the climate is extremely suitable for tea tree growth. However, in the mountainous area of Sichuan-Yunnan Plateau, the vertical temperature difference is obvious, and the climate changes greatly at different altitudes. There is abundant rainfall, and the annual rainfall is mostly between 1, 000 ~ 1, 200mm, but the rainfall is mainly concentrated in summer, with less rainfall in winter and spring, such as spring drought in Yunnan and other places. There are many forests in mountainous areas, and the air humidity is high. Sometimes there is topographic precipitation and heavy rainfall. There are many types of soil, mainly red soil, yellow red soil, brown red soil, yellow soil, red brown soil and so on. The content of organic matter is higher than that in other tea areas, which is beneficial to the growth of tea trees.
There are many varieties of tea trees in southwest tea-growing areas, including tree-type big leaf species, small tree species and shrub-type small leaf species, such as Chongqing Pipa tea, Jiangnan big leaf tea, Zaobaijian No.5, Meitan moss tea and thyme. The varieties of tea produced are Kung Fu black tea, black broken tea, green tea, Tuo tea, pressed tea, scented tea and various famous teas.
Third, Jiangnan tea area.
Jiangnan tea area is located in the south of the Yangtze River and north of Dazhangxi, Yanshixi, Meijiang and Lianjiang. Administrative regions include Guangdong, northern Guangxi, most of Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, southern Hubei, southern Anhui and southern Jiangsu.
Jiangnan tea area has low terrain, distinct seasons and warm climate. The annual average temperature is above 15.5℃, and the annual average extreme minimum temperature is not lower than -8℃, but the minimum temperature in winter in some areas can be reduced to below-10℃, which makes tea trees vulnerable to freezing injury. ≥ 10℃ The accumulated temperature is 4800℃~ 6000℃, and the frost-free period is 230 ~ 280 days. The highest temperature in summer can reach above 40℃, and tea trees are easy to be burned. Abundant rainfall, the average annual rainfall 1400 ~ 1600 mm, and the annual rainfall in some areas can reach more than 2000 mm, mostly in spring and summer. The soil is mainly red soil and yellow soil, with yellow cinnamon soil, purple soil, mountain brown soil and alluvial soil in some areas. Purple soil with high organic matter content and high calcium content is not suitable for growing tea.
The tea varieties in this area are mainly shrub varieties, but there are also some small trees, such as Fuding Dabaicha, Qimen, Jiukeng, Shangmeizhou, Gao Qiao Zao, Longjing 43, Cuifeng, Fuyun No.6, Zhenong 12, Zhenghe Dabaicha, Narcissus and Cinnamon. Tea products include green tea, oolong tea, white tea, black tea, scented tea and famous tea.
The natural environment such as climate and soil in this area is suitable for the growth and development of tea trees, and it is an ecological suitable area for tea trees. The rapid development of social economy is beneficial to the development of tea industrialization. The output of tea accounts for about two-thirds of the national total output, and there are many famous and excellent teas with high economic benefits. It is a national key tea area.
Fourth, Jiangbei tea area.
Jiangbei tea area is located in the north of Yangtze River, south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and east of yi river. Administrative regions include southern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi, southern Henan, southeastern Shandong, northern Hubei, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu.
The average annual temperature in most areas of Jiangbei tea-growing area is below 15.5℃; The accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 4500℃~ 5200℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is-10℃, which can be reduced to -20℃ in some years, causing serious freezing damage to tea trees. The frost-free period is 200 ~ 250 days.
The growth and germination period of tea trees is only six or seven months a year. The annual rainfall is relatively small, below 1000 mm, of which the rainfall in spring and summer accounts for about half. The soil is mainly yellow brown soil, but also yellow cinnamon soil and mountain brown soil. High PH value, heavy texture, frequent disc adhesion and low fertility. In terms of soil and climate conditions, it is not very beneficial to the development of tea trees, especially in winter, and anti-freezing measures must be taken to ensure that tea trees can safely overwinter.
The varieties of tea trees in this area are mainly shrub-type lobular species with strong cold resistance, such as Xinyang population species, Ziyang species, Qimen species, Huangshan species, Huoshan golden rooster species, Longjing series varieties and so on. Famous tea is made from green tea.