China Naming Network - Baby naming - Medical knowledge

Medical knowledge

1. What are the basic medical knowledge?

As ordinary people, what we need to learn is how to use the body reasonably and moderately:

1. Know the taboo collocation of some foods. There are related pictures or books in the bookstore.

2. To know the first aid methods of some emergencies and diseases, you can generally press "person" or artificial respiration. There are also related books in the bookstore.

3, know the composition of human diseases: 10% is exogenous cold, that is, do not pay attention to catching cold; 5% accidental trauma; 5% is other; 80% is emotion, what kind of emotion, what kind of illness, this should be known, specifically, "like sadness, anger hurts the liver, sadness of the lungs, thinking of hurting the spleen, fear of shocking the kidney"-"Huangdi Neijing".

4. Daily health care and exercise health care, such as relaxing muscles and bones before exercise and relaxing nervous body after exercise. Bookstores also have books on these two aspects.

If you are interested in further understanding, there are the following common sense contents:

1, structure of human body: (1) blood system; (2) Lymphatic system; (3) the nervous system; (4) digestive system; (5) respiratory system; (6) reproductive system. (7) In addition, we should also understand the muscle system, bone system and meridian system.

2. The evolutionary process of human body formation, growth, aging and extinction. Is * * * for the upstream, and then a * * * first into the egg, and then the embryo is formed. After three months, people gradually become conscious (because people's consciousness and spirit have a great influence on the human body). This process of spiritual and physical formation, and then in adolescence, produces sexual impulses, courtship and mating behaviors, and starts to create life again. When people reach middle age, the spirit and body reach the peak and the best state, then they age and finally the body is destroyed.

Many doctors don't know this evolution process of soul and body, but without a systematic understanding, many common-sense questions in life can't be answered, or are far from perfect. This part of the content is basically found in medical and psychological books, and the part that is not mentioned is also described in Life and Death Book for reference.

3. The influence and interaction of external environment on people's body and mind. This part mainly comes from environmental science, modern geomantic omen and energy science.

Understand the above content, basically the medical common sense of human body and psychology is covered.

2. What are the most basic medical knowledge?

If you have a cold, use 999 Ganmao Granule Shuanghuanglian Capsule, drink plenty of water and pay attention to your diet.

If you have a bad fever, you should take antipyretics and cold compress.

Abdominal pain is psychological, for example, it hurts because of nervousness in the examination room, so we should adjust our psychology and relax.

Diarrhea can be treated with norfloxacin and antibiotics (preferably not)

Treatment of irregular menstruation:

Matters needing attention

1. The course of treatment for irregular menstruation is three months, and the menstrual cycle is observed after stopping taking medicine in the fourth month. After taking the medicine regularly, it can return to normal after a course of treatment.

2. During the treatment of irregular menstruation, if you catch a cold, please stop taking menstrual drugs and take them after catching a cold.

3. During the treatment of irregular menstruation, if you take other drugs (Baifeng Pill, Siwu Decoction, etc.). ), please tell your doctor.

4. After menstruation returns to normal, please control cold fruits and cold drinks specially to avoid recurrence.

It takes a long time to regulate menstruation, so please take the medicine patiently.

Also, traditional Chinese medicine is popular now, which is slow to take effect, but safe.

How to deal with gas poisoning in an emergency?

1, immediately open the doors and windows to let fresh air into the room.

2. Quickly transfer the poisoned person from a room with gas to a place with fresh air or ventilation.

3. Quickly untie the underwear, bra and belt of the poisoned person. Keep the poisoned person breathing smoothly.

4. If the poisoned person is unconscious, put it flat, wipe your mouth and give artificial respiration.

5. Poisoned personnel should be immediately sent to a nearby hospital or medical emergency center with hyperbaric oxygen chamber for help.

Emergency treatment of burns and scalds

1, critically ill patients, especially those with bad breathing or heartbeat, should be given first aid immediately, and then sent to the hospital after the situation improves.

2, burn first aid is to use all kinds of effective measures to put out the fire, make the wounded out of the heat source as soon as possible, try to shorten the burn time.

3. Cut the clothes, shoes and socks of the wounded with scissors, and then take them off. All wounds are covered with clean cloth to prevent pollution. When the limbs are burned, wash them with clean cold water first, then cover them with clean cloth and sterile gauze and send them to the hospital.

4. For the wounded burned by explosion shock wave, pay attention to whether there is craniocerebral injury, abdominal injury and respiratory system injury.

5, on the way to the hospital, can give the wounded a small amount of oral saline for many times.

3. Common sense of daily life medicine

Tooth whitening

When brushing your teeth, add a little baking soda to the toothpaste. Brush your teeth as white as jade for three times, and the tooth rust will naturally fall off.

How to quit smoking

A betel nut, drill a small hole, then pour a little smoke into the hole instead of oil, soak it for two days, and take it out to dry. When you want to smoke, if you smell it, you can stop smoking. Anyone who smells it can quit smoking.

How to sober up

Vinegar, sugar and tea each 100g. If you drink it immediately after getting drunk, you can wake up quickly, and if you drink too much, you will wake up faster.

How to stop drinking

Take a small amount of monosodium glutamate from raw almonds and turn it into water, then soak two drops in wine, and stop drinking together if you drink less.

How to get rid of bad breath

Chew a few pieces of tea in your mouth three times a day to keep your mouth fragrant and get rid of bad breath after three days.

What should I do if my voice is hoarse?

50g of vinegar essence and 50g of white sugar, after being evenly stirred with 250g of cold water, drink slowly for one day, and add it twice in the evening.

psoriasis

Soak one or two peeled pine nuts in half a catty of rice vinegar for two days and rub them three times a day for better results. You can also apply it with a spoonful of orange peel powder and half a spoonful of sesame oil.

Toothache trick

Put the peach kernel on the fire and heat it, then bite it on the painful tooth, so that it will never hurt.

Step 4 ask for some medical knowledge

Medical knowledge

1. Normal adult pulse is 60- 100 beats/min, which is even and powerful.

2. Normal adults breathe 16-20 times/minute, and the breathing time is equal.

3. When normal adults are at rest, the systolic blood pressure is 90-65438+30-40mmhg, the diastolic blood pressure is 60-90mmhg, and the pulse pressure difference is 30-40mmhg. Blood pressure increases with age. Before middle age, women's blood pressure is lower than that of men, and there is little difference after middle age. Generally speaking, blood pressure is higher at night than in the morning. When you are overworked or don't sleep well, your blood pressure can rise slightly. Tension, fear, excitement and pain all raise blood pressure. In addition, cold, diet, smoking and drinking can also affect blood pressure.

4. Normal adult pupil diameter: 2-4 mm, which is a perfect circle.

5. The total blood of normal adults accounts for about 7-8% of body weight.

6. What is sudden death?

A normal "healthy" person, or a person whose condition is basically stable, suddenly has a heartbeat and respiratory arrest, which is called sudden death.

The World Health Organization defines a case of death within 6 hours from onset to respiratory and cardiac arrest as sudden death.

The cause of sudden death is mostly the acute attack of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. 70% of sudden death caused by coronary heart disease occurred outside the hospital. Sudden death patients lost consciousness, carotid artery fluctuation disappeared, spontaneous breathing stopped, and bilateral pupils dilated. Patients with sudden death can be rescued and resurrected. Sudden death patients should be given hands-free cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately;

Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed within 4-6 minutes, and the rescue success rate was 50%.

What happens in the first few minutes after breathing stops?

10 second: The patient may feel dizzy.

40 seconds: syncope, convulsion

60 seconds: Pupils dilated and breathing stopped.

4 minutes: Brain cells begin to die.

6 minutes: The process of brain cell necrosis is over. At this time, even if the rescue is successful (breathing and heartbeat recovery), the patient can only be in a vegetative state.

10 minute: death

5. Health knowledge

1. Wash your hands before and after meals: Hands are the "diplomatic organs" of the human body and play a leading role in all people's "foreign affairs activities", such as doing all kinds of work, taking out garbage, brushing spittoons, washing feet, wearing shoes and cleaning stools.

Therefore, hands are easily infected with many pathogenic microorganisms. Scientists have made such a survey that an unwashed hand contains at least 40,000 to 400,000 bacteria.

Nail seam is a good place for bacteria to hide. One nail seam can hide as many as 3.8 billion bacteria. In addition, someone did an experiment. Patients with acute dysentery use 5~8 layers of toilet paper, and Shigella can penetrate into their hands. Shigella can survive for 3 days in their hands.

The flu virus can survive for 7 days on wet and warm hands. So, my hands are dirty.

Moreover, when traveling, visiting and studying, and performing tasks, hands often touch some items and get dirty. In particular, patients with infectious diseases and people who look healthy but actually have viruses in their bodies often spread pathogenic microorganisms to various articles and appliances. When a healthy person touches his hand, pathogenic microorganisms will reach you.

If you don't wash your hands before and after meals, you will bring bacteria into your mouth and eat them in your stomach. This is what people often say: "Bacteria come from hands and diseases come from mouth." Therefore, it is necessary to develop the habit of cutting nails and washing hands frequently before meals, after defecation and after work.

Washing hands can remove bacteria and eggs attached to hands. Washing your hands with running water can remove 80% bacteria from your hands. If you wash your hands with soap first and then with running water, you can wash 99% of the bacteria off your hands. When washing hands, be careful that several people should not use the same basin of water to avoid cross-infection and spread diseases to each other for more than 15 seconds.

Second, don't spit or shake your nose: phlegm is a viscous liquid secreted by the respiratory tract and excreted by coughing. Everyone knows how to spit, but not everyone has a good way to spit.

Some people don't pay attention to the environment, spit everywhere, and throw their noses all over the floor, which not only affects hygiene but also harms their personal image. Some so-called "health lovers" spit sputum on the ground and wipe it with shoes worn on their feet, thinking that even if there are no traces of sputum, it will not hinder hygiene and health.

I don't know that sputum contains millions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycoplasma and so on. Especially people with respiratory diseases, such as tuberculosis, influenza and meningitis, have more bacteria and viruses in their sputum, especially in the early stage of SARS epidemic.

Someone checked a mouthful of sputum and found hundreds of thousands of bacteria in it. Millions of mycobacterium tuberculosis can be found in the sputum of the most annoying tuberculosis patients.

If you spit on the ground and the sputum is dry, bacteria will fly into the air with the dust, and healthy people may get respiratory diseases by inhaling such dust. So we should form a good habit of not spitting.

Sputum should be spit in the spittoon, which should be scrubbed regularly every day. Where there is no spittoon, the spittoon should be wrapped in waste paper and thrown into the wastebasket or dustbin to avoid spitting and maintain the hygiene of public places.

Third, don't cough or sneeze at others: coughing and sneezing are normal physiological phenomena of people, which is not surprising. However, sneezing in front of others or food without paying attention to the occasion is an unhealthy and impolite bad behavior.

According to the survey, a cough can eject 20,000 tiny droplets, and a sneeze can eject nearly 654.38+0 billion droplets. Moreover, the speed of droplet ejection is very fast, and it can fly 4.6 meters in less than 1 s, and it can fly 9 meters with the wind.

The nasal cavity and throat are one of the places with the densest bacteria and viruses, and the sprayed droplets contain a lot of bacteria and viruses. A sneeze can spit out 85 million bacteria. These tiny water droplets can float in the air for a long time, 30-60 minutes in a windless room, and up to 30 hours.

After the water in the water drops evaporates, bacteria and viruses fly with the dust, which continues to endanger people's health. Among the legal infectious diseases in China, 15 is airborne (such as influenza, measles, chickenpox, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia, etc. ).

Therefore, for everyone's health, people should pay attention to politeness and hygiene when coughing and sneezing, especially those with respiratory infectious diseases. If you can't help sneezing in front of people or food, you should immediately take out a towel or paper towel and cover your mouth and nose.

Turn your back on others or food when it is too late, and cover your mouth and nose with your hands. 4. No smoking: Smoking is harmful and useless, which is recognized by the scientific community all over the world.

Tobacco smoke contains more than 3000 kinds of harmful substances. Among them, there are mainly nicotine (nicotine), cigarette tar, light hydrofluoric acid, acrylic acid, carbon monoxide and so on.

Nicotine is a toxic substance. Tobacco tar contains nitrosamines, phenols, arsenic, radioisotopes and other carcinogenic or carcinogenic substances, especially benzopyrene, which is recognized as a strong carcinogen. According to statistics, the incidence of lung cancer in people who smoke 40 cigarettes a day is 70 times higher than that in non-smokers.

In addition, smoking is also closely related to lip cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. Smoking can promote the development of systemic arteriosclerosis and hypertension, so the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of smokers are higher than those of non-smokers.

In addition, smokers are prone to colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, emphysema and so on. Other studies have shown that smoking is related to male impotence.

Some people say that smoking can refresh oneself and improve work efficiency.

Actually, this is a misunderstanding. Modern medical research believes that nicotine has a dual effect on the central nervous system, that is, it is first excited and then inhibited.

Therefore, people who smoke heavily for a long time lose their balance in the process of excitement and inhibition in the cerebral cortex, but instead show fatigue, insomnia, decreased memory, distracted attention and decreased work efficiency. The incubation period of many smoking-related diseases is very long, and it is not as fast as eating highly toxic substances.

So in a short time, people often can't see his harm. Sometimes it takes decades from smoking to death.

This is also the main reason why people don't know enough about the harm of smoking. There are about 200-300 million smokers in China, accounting for more than15 of the national population and10-0/0.2 billion smokers in the world. Not only will it consume a lot of money every year, but many years later, the state and individuals will invest unimaginable money to treat various diseases caused by smoking.

At present, European and American countries have seen the great harm of smoking and used legal, economic and political methods.

6. What are the simple and common medical tips in life?

Raw materials for treating cold (1): 50g of japonica rice, appropriate amount of onion and appropriate amount of sugar.

Method: cook the japonica rice first, and when the japonica rice is about to be cooked, add 2~3 stems of chopped green onion and sugar. Usage: 65438+ 0 times a day.

Warm your clothes and bring some sweat. Efficacy: relieving exterior syndrome and dispelling cold, harmonizing stomach and tonifying middle energizer.

Suitable for cold and cold. (2) Wash 20 peanut shells and 3 scallions (with whiskers) with clear water, put them in a pot, add appropriate amount of cold water, boil and fry for 15 minutes, filter out the soup, drink it while it is hot, and add clothes and quilts in time to make the head and body slightly sweaty.

If accompanied by vomiting and nausea, you can add 4 slices of ginger to this recipe and fry it. If you have a sore throat and cough at the same time, add some pears when decocting in water.

(3) Take 3 slices of onion 100g and ginger and take them with decoction or boiled water. You can also use 20 grams of onion, 5 slices of ginger, sugar 1 spoon, a pinch of tea and water 1 bowl.

(4) Pear 1 piece, ginger 25g, all cut into thin slices, added with 1 bowl of water, decocted and taken once, effective on the same day. (5) 25 ml of wine, put it in a pot to boil, evaporate the alcohol, add 1 egg, and add 1 spoon of sugar.

Dilute with boiling water when taking, and then cover with a quilt to rest. The next day, symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose and sore throat can be obviously alleviated or disappeared. Some people can take effect once they have a cold. I haven't done the experiment. I found this. I hope I can help you.

7. Common sense of clinical medicine

1. Percussion sounds (unvoiced sounds) in normal lungs. 2. Early pulse manifestations of left heart failure (alternating pulse). 3. Deep breathing and rapid breathing are called (Cusmo breathing). 4. The main difference between deep coma and shallow coma (whether corneal reflex and defensive reflex exist). 5. Abnormal dry skin is found in (dehydration). 6. You look haggard and pale. Orbital depression is called (critical surface). 7. What kind of diseases generally have no clubbed fingers (chronic rheumatic heart disease). 8. Cusmo's breathing characteristics (deep breathing, slightly faster frequency). 9. (Acute enteritis) 10 shows that the bowel sounds are too high. There is mobile dullness in the abdomen. Suggest (cachexia) 1 1. Yes (ascites) 12. Which valve auscultation area (the first auscultation area of aortic valve) 13 is located in the second intercostal part of the right sternum. The most suggestive sign of parietal peritonitis is (abdominal rebound pain) 65433. Lying position) 15. Lymphocytosis is more common in (viral infection) 16. Neutrophilia is more common in (acute infection) 17. The laboratory index that can best reflect anemia is (hemoglobin quantification) 18. When connecting ECG, the red lead should be connected to (right upper limb) 19. The best time for appendectomy after the periappendiceal abscess subsides is (surgical resection after three months) 20. The most serious complication of epidural anesthesia is (total spinal anesthesia) 2 1. The diagnosis that can be used as a qualitative diagnosis of tumor is (pathological examination) 22. What is incorrect about the characteristics of cancer is (early pain) 23. Hibernate. Stop hibernating and then cool down when the temperature returns. Early symptoms of hypertonic dehydration (thirst) 25. * * (supine position) 26 patients with shock. The first organ damaged during MSOF was (lung) 27. Characteristics of concentrated solution in hemolytic streptococcus infection (thin and bloody pus) 28. When acute suppurative infection of soft tissue occurs, it is (suppurative finger inflammation) that should be cut and drained as soon as possible before fluctuation occurs. The wounded should be treated (suffocated) first. The basal metabolic rate of adults is 45. Its thyroid function is (moderate hyperthyroidism) 3 1. The main cause of acute inflammation is (milk deposition) 32. The pathogenesis of external abdominal hernia is (congenital or acquired weakness of abdominal wall) 33. When gastrointestinal decompression takes a long time, the nursing items that should be strengthened are (oral care) 34. Gastric cancer is most common in (antrum) 35. The main purpose of portal vein anastomosis (reducing portal vein pressure) 36. Characteristics of surgical acute abdomen (abdominal pain comes first, fever and vomiting come last) 37. Transverse diameter of normal pelvic outlet plane (9cm) 38. The time when pregnant women with heart disease are most prone to heart failure (32-34 weeks) 39. Spontaneous fetal movement, which is abnormal (8 hours 12 times) 40. Infertile women know whether there is ovulation (basic temperature measurement) 4 1. Urgent labor refers to the total labor process (within 3 hours) 42. How long will it take for the fetus to be delivered, and the placenta has not been delivered yet? Placenta retention (30 minutes) 43. At present, the best method to diagnose endometriosis (laparoscopy) is 44. Those who are pregnant for 28 weeks but less than 37 weeks are called (premature) 45. Bacteria (Streptococcus) related to acute nephritis 46. Bronchial breath sounds are common in (bronchial asthma). Patients with severe hematemesis should temporarily fast (8-24 hours). (Sick lateral position) 49. Which evaluation can be used to judge whether the patient needs sputum aspiration (dyspnea) 50. When gastric lavage is performed for patients with oral poison, the amount of gastric juice to be lavage is (200-300ml) 5 1 each time. At least when the bowel sounds are hyperactive, they can be heard (10 times). 52. Paroxysmal expiratory dyspnea is seen in (bronchial asthma) 53. Where is the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer (left supraclavicular lymph node)? Adult pulse pressure is greater than 5kpa(37.5mmHG). Can be seen in (aortic insufficiency) 55. The smell of garlic in the breath can be seen in (organophosphorus pesticide poisoning) 56. The phenomenon that the pulse is obviously weakened or disappeared when inhaling can be seen in pericardial effusion. According to WBC classification count, moderate granulocyte (including rod nucleus \ lobular nucleus) should be normal (50%-70%) 58. The reference value range of normal hemoglobin for adult males (120- 160g/ L) 59. The disease with no obvious increase in ESR is (angina pectoris) 60. The preservative in urine protein quantitative sample bottle is (toluene 5ml) 6 1. Urine is soy sauce (acute dissolution). The air purification of modern operating room mainly depends on laminar flow device and high efficiency air filter. The daily water loss of normal people is (850ml) 64. Various types of shocks are basic. (Crushed thigh injury) 66. The most common secondary pathological changes after cardiac arrest are (cerebral hypoxia and brain edema) 67. The fastest way for the body to adjust the acid-base balance is (blood buffer system) 68. Which organ is damaged, the clinical manifestation is mainly peritonitis (intestine). The main difference between primary peritonitis and secondary peritonitis (whether there are primary symptoms in abdominal cavity) 70. Which nursing measure is the most important (gastrointestinal decompression) for ulcer perforation during non-surgical treatment 7 1. The most common part of the stomach and duodenum (the greater curvature of the stomach or the anterior wall of the duodenum) 72. Mechanism of abdominal pain in acute appendicitis from periumbilical or epigastric region (somatic nerve reflex). Intestinal obstruction caused by peritonitis belongs to (paralytic intestinal obstruction) 74. What diseases (hemorrhoids) can portal hypertension cause? It is most important for patients with acute abdomen. Complication shock) 76. The most commonly used methods to treat fractures (external fixation and manual reduction) 77. Characteristic manifestations of joint dislocation (elastic fixation) 78. Besides abdominal pain, the most important symptom of high intestinal obstruction (frequent vomiting) is 79. Three-month-old children's motor behavior development (can look up when standing upright) 80. Pathological crying of redundant children is more common (abdominal pain and headache) 8 1. Newborns can be acquired from the body, and the antibody that gradually disappears in 3-5 months is (IgG) 82. The main reason of the only child's food phobia is (mental factor) 83. When mixing 4 spoonfuls of whole milk, water should be added to the whole milk (16 spoonfuls). 84. Children who simply feed goat's milk for a long time are prone to anemia (nutritional megaloblastic anemia). The oral liquid commonly used for thrush is (2%). After the typical symptoms of internal bleeding (first excited and then inhibited) were treated, patients with ketoacidosis suddenly felt palpitation, hunger and sweating at the time of consciousness recovery.

8. Health tips