Wes, who are we and to whom do we return?
original text
Yueyang Tower
Fan Zhongyan [Song Dynasty]
In the spring of the fourth year, Li Qing stayed in Baling County. The next year, the government was harmonious and everything was ruined. It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it, which belongs to the composition to remember. (Passage: Furniture)
Guanfu Baling wins in Dongting Lake. The mountains are far away, the Yangtze River swallows, the soup is wide, the horizon is boundless, the morning light is brilliant, and the weather is myriad. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things very well.
If it rains heavily, the moon will not open, the evil wind will howl, the turbid waves will be empty, the sun and stars will be hidden, the mountains will be hidden, business travel will not work, the dusk will be extinguished, and the tigers will roar and the apes will cry. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad. (hidden work: hidden glory; Yin Yutong: Yu Yu)
If it is spring and Jingming, the waves are calm, the sky is bright and blue, Ji Xiang, Sha Ou, swimming in brocade scale, and the coast is green and green. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy.
Hey, honey! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy for things, don't be sad for yourself. If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people, and if you are far away, you will worry about the king. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world"! Hey! Wes, who are we going home with?
September 15th, six years.
translate
In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted as the satrap of Baling. In the second year, political affairs were smooth, people were happy, and various waste businesses were established one after another. So the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt, the original scale was expanded, and the poems of Tang Dynasty and contemporary celebrities were engraved on it. He asked me to write an article about it.
I saw the beautiful scenery of Baling County, all on Dongting Lake. Bite the mountain and swallow the long river, the water is boundless, and the weather is ever-changing. This is a magnificent sight of Yueyang Tower. The previous account has been very detailed. Even so, most officials and poets who have been relegated to other places have led to the martial arts in the north and the Num and Xiangshui in the south meeting here, and the feelings caused by watching the natural scenery will probably be different, right?
Just like that rainy day, it didn't clear up for months, the cold wind roared and the turbid waves rushed to the sky; The sun, the moon and the stars cover their brilliance, and the mountains cover their appearance; Businessmen and passengers couldn't get through, the mast fell and the oars broke; In the evening, when the sky is dark, tigers roar and apes crow, you will be sad to leave Beijing, miss your hometown, worry about other people's bad words and criticisms, and your eyes will be full of depression.
The spring breeze is warm and sunny, the lake is calm, there are no stormy waves, the sky is connected with the lake, and the green is boundless; Seagulls on the sandbar sometimes fly and sometimes stop, beautiful fish swim around, and flowers and plants on the shore and on the small continent are green. Sometimes the smoke dissipates completely, the bright moonlight pours away, the fluctuating light flashes golden light, the quiet moon shadow sinks into the jade in the water, and the fishing song rings while you sing and I sing. This kind of fun is really endless! At this time, when you board this building, you will feel open-minded and happy, and forget the honor and disgrace. Holding a glass and blowing a breeze is really very happy.
Alas! I have discussed the thoughts and feelings of ancient virtuous people, or the feelings different from the above two kinds of people. Why? It is because you are not happy or sad because of the change of external things and your situation. To be a high-ranking official in the imperial court, we must be concerned with the people; Being in remote rivers and lakes, we must not forget to pay attention to national security. In this way, I am worried about being an official in the imperial court, and I am also worried about being in a remote Jianghu. In this case, when will they feel happy? I would probably say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later." Alas! Without this person, who would I be with?
Written on September 5, 2006/kloc-0.
To annotate ...
Reporter: A style. Can write landscapes and narratives, mostly for discussion. But the purpose is to express the author's feelings and ambitions (explain some of the author's ideas).
Four years in Li Qing: A.D. 1044. Li Qing, Zhao Zhen's year number in Song Renzong.
Teng (zhé) guarded Baling County (jün): Teng was demoted as the prefect of Yuezhou. Teng Amethyst's name is Zong Liang, which is his word and Fan Zhongyan's friend. In ancient times, friends were often matched by words.
Guard: Send dismissed officials or criminals to remote places. Here is: be demoted as an official, demoted to explain.
Guard: It refers to being the governor of a county.
Next year: The second year will be five years in Li Qing (1045). The more, the more, and.
Political affairs are smooth and the people are happy. Politics, politics; Pass, pass smoothly; Harmony, harmony. This is a compliment to Teng Amethyst.
Various abandoned enterprises have been set up. A hundred, not exactly, describes a lot. The waste here refers to the abandoned business. Use "all", all, all. Xing, revival.
It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase its old system: Yes, then; Increase, expand. System: scale.
Modern people in Tang Dynasty: celebrities in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Genus (zhǔ) writes to (yú) to record it: Genus, through "entrustment", entrustment and instruction. For me. Composition, writing articles. With, for, conjunction. Write it down, write it down.
Yu Baling wins: Fu, a demonstrative pronoun, is equivalent to "that". Victory, scenery, good scenery.
Title (xián) Yuanshan, title, including. Distant mountain: a mountain peak in the distance.
Swallow it, swallow it.
Vast soup (shāng): The water looks spectacular.
Boundless: broad and boundless. Horizontal: Guangyuan. International border: the edge. The difference between international and international: international refers to the land boundary and international refers to the water boundary.
It turns sunny to cloudy from morning till night. In the morning, nouns are adverbials. Hui: Sunshine. Weather, sight. Thousands, ever-changing
This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower: this is the magnificent view of Yueyang Tower. Here, here. Then, just. A grand view, a spectacular sight.
Everything the elder said is ready: the elder explained it in detail. What the predecessors said refers to the above-mentioned "Tang Xianshi and Modern Fu". Be prepared, detailed and complete. Alas, the modal particle "le". Yes, yes.
However: even so, then.
Xiaoxiang, Antarctica: South to Xiaoshui and Xiangshui. Xiaoshui is a tributary of Xiangshui. Hunan water flows into Dongting Lake. South, south. Extremely, to. reach
Touching guests and poets will always be here: touching guests, exiled people. A poet or poet. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets. Many: Most of them. Yes, gather around. Yes, yes. Here, here.
There is nothing unusual about seeing things: I am afraid that I will feel different if I appreciate the scenery here. Browse: to watch and appreciate. Things: scenery. Emotion: Emotion. I am afraid that we don't have. Different: different, different. Used at the end of rhetoric or questions.
If it's raining (yín): If it's raining, it's used at the beginning of a paragraph, causing the following. The following "Zhiruo" is the same. "Ruofu" is similar to "like that". "Zhiruo" is similar to "As for". Yin (yín) has been raining. It's raining, and the rain (or snow) is dense.
On: lifted, indicating sunny weather.
Evil wind whistling (háo), turbid waves emptying: yin cold. No, whistle; Turbidity, turbidity. Running for the sky in the air.
Yao: The sun and stars hide their brilliance. Daytime: daylight. Obsidian: Glory.
Mountain hidden form: Mountain hidden into the body. Yue, a tall mountain. Diving, disappearing. Form, trace.
Business travel is no good: go, this means to go forward.
Chang fell: the mast fell and the oars broke. Mast. Hey, paddle. Fall, fall. Destroy, break
Míng míng: It gets dark at night. Thin and approaching. Dim: A dim appearance.
S: Well, this refers to Yueyang Tower.
Some people are homesick in the countryside, worried and despised: then, just. Have, produce ... (emotion). Going to the countryside to miss home, worry and sneer: leave the capital, miss home, worry about speaking ill of (others), and be afraid of criticism. Let's go. Leave. State and national capital refer to capital. Go to the countryside and leave Kyoto, that is, leave the imperial court. Worry, worry. Slander, slanderer fear, fear, fear Scold, criticize, and accuse.
Those who are gloomy and feel extremely sad everywhere: gloomy and depressed. I am deeply touched, and I am deeply touched. However, it means sequential connection. People, representing sad feelings, play an important role.
If it is spring and Jingming: If it is warm and sunny in spring. If, as for. Spring is harmonious and spring breeze is warm. Scenery, sunshine. Bright and bright. (metonymic rhetoric).
Calm: The lake is calm and there are no stormy waves. Jing: It means "up" and "moving" here.
Up and down the sky, a blue sky: the sky meets the lake, green and boundless. One, all of them. Vast and boundless, the scope is extremely wide.
Li Jing swims in Ji Xiang, Sha Ou: Sha Ou sometimes flies and sometimes stops, and beautiful fish swim around in the water. Seagulls on sandbars in Sha Ou. Ji Xiang: Sometimes it flies, sometimes it stops. Stop, stop, the bird stops in the tree. Brocade refers to beautiful fish. Fish scale means fish. Swimming: floating or sinking. Swimming: Swimming near the water. Swim, dive into the water.
An Zhi (zh ǐ) T Ο ng (tρ ng) Orchid: flowers and plants on the shore and in the small continent. Cheese: A kind of vanilla. Ting: Zhou Xiao, the water is flat.
Gloomy: describes lush vegetation.
And the smoke is gone: sometimes large areas of smoke disappear completely. Or: sometimes. Dragon: A blockbuster. One, all of them. Empty: dissipate.
Bright Moon Thousands of Miles: The bright moon shines on Wan Li.
Floating gold: the fluctuating light shines with gold. This is a description of water waves in the moonlight.
Still shadows sink jade: Jade with a still moon image sinks into the water. This is the moon shadow in the water when there is no wind. Bi, a kind of jade with a hole in the center.
Fishing song answer: fishermen answer by singing. Answer each other and echo each other.
He Ji: There is no end. H: why? Extreme: exhausted.
Feel relaxed and happy: cheerful and cheerful. Open, open. Hey, happy.
Love and shame (xié) forget: forget both honor and disgrace. Kay: Together. Pets: Glory. Shame: shame.
Let the wine stand in the wind: to stand in the wind is to hold the wine in the breeze. Keep: keep, keep. Face, face.
Yang Yang: Happy and smug.
Ji: Alas. Fu is two words, both modal particles.
Taste the heart of those who seek ancient benevolence: taste it once. Look for, explore. Ancient benevolent people, ancient noble people. Yes, yes. Heart, thoughts and feelings (mind).
Or different from both: perhaps different from (above) two moods. Or, close to the meaning of "maybe" and "maybe", to put it mildly. Different from. For, here refers to psychological activities. Both refer to "sadness" and "joy" in the first two paragraphs.
Don't be happy with things, don't be sad about yourself: don't be happy or sad about foreign things (good or bad) and yourself (gains and losses) (this sentence is intertextuality). So, because.
If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people: if you are an official, you will worry about the people. It means to be an official in North Korea. Temple, ancestral hall. Hall, palace. Temple: refers to the imperial court. The following "gold" corresponds to "the height of the temple". Kim: Be an official in the imperial court.
If you are far away in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king; If you are an official in a remote place, you are worried about your monarch. Stay away from Jianghu: Being in a remote Jianghu means not being an official in the imperial court. The following "retreat" corresponds to "stay away from Jianghu". 1. The post-attributive sign. Yes: So. Retire: not to be an official in the court.
We must say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later": Then we must say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later". First, before; After that, after that. Its: refers to "ancient benevolent people." Also, Shuncheng. Must: definitely.
Wes, who will we return to: If there is no such person, who will I go with? Micro, if not. People, such people. Whoever returns is "who returns". Return, take refuge
Six years: six years in Li Qing (1046)
Creation background
This article was written in the sixth year of Li Qing (AD 1046). Fan Zhongyan lived in the Northern Song Dynasty, where internal class contradictions became increasingly prominent, and he was eyeing the foreign Khitan and Xixia. In order to consolidate the political power and improve this situation, the political group headed by Fan Zhongyan began to carry out reforms, which was later called the "Qingli New Deal". However, the reform violated the interests of the feudal big landlord class conservatives and was strongly opposed by them. The emperor's determination to reform was not firm, and the reform ended in failure under the oppression of conservative bureaucratic groups. After the failure of the "Qingli New Deal", Fan Zhongyan offended the Prime Minister Lv Yijian, and Fan Zhongyan was relegated to Dengzhou, Henan. This article is about Dengzhou, not Yueyang Tower.
Make an appreciative comment
The Story of Yueyang Tower is an essay written by the author at the request of his good friend Teng Ling of Baling County to rebuild Yueyang Tower. By writing about the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings brought by rainy days and sunny days, the article reveals the benevolent heart of the ancients who "don't like things, don't grieve for themselves", and also expresses his patriotic feelings of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". The article goes beyond the narrow scope of simply writing about mountains and rivers, and combines the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain and shine, and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poets", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. Full-text narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion are integrated, and the combination of static and dynamic, contrast between light and dark, concise words and harmonious syllables make it an innovation of miscellaneous notes to compare scenes with couplets.
The full text of Yueyang Tower is 368 words and five paragraphs.
At the beginning of the article, come straight to the point and describe the origin of the matter. Starting from the time of "Four Years of Li Youth", the style is elegant and straight; Saying that Teng was "living in exile" is a metaphor for the ups and downs of his official career, which laid the foundation for his later lyricism. In the following, only four words are used to write Teng's political achievements, which leads to the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower and takes notes, which is the introduction of the full text.
In the second paragraph, the style of writing is exciting and the words are passionate. First of all, I always say "Baling wins, in Dongting Lake", and set the following range of scenery. The following words "Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River" describe the spectacular Dongting Lake. A title and a swallow are very imposing. "Hao Tang Tang, the sea is vast and the sky is vast", which means that the water waves are magnificent; "It's sunny and sunny in the morning, and the weather is full", which is simple and vivid. The first four sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of space, while the last two sentences describe it from the perspective of time. The sentence "what predecessors have said is ready" is a link between the past and the future, and responds to the previous sentence "Tang Xian's modern poems". This sentence is not only modest, but also implies a turning point. After a change of "natural principle", a new artistic conception is introduced, from simply writing scenery to writing the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving poet" in a way of blending scenes, thus forming the main body of the full text.
The third paragraph and the fourth paragraph are two parallel paragraphs, one sad and one happy, one dark and one bright, like two different emotional streams, which convey two diametrically opposite life situations in which scenery and emotions are mutually induced.
The third paragraph, people who are sad when writing things. Starting with "Ruofu" is very meaningful. This is a controversial word, but it also shows the emotional appeal of virtuality, which is the condensation, refinement and sublimation of countless realities and is quite typical. "Ruofu" describes a sad situation below, from bad weather to people's inner sadness. Here are four-word short sentences, which are rendered layer by layer and described step by step. Rain, evil wind and turbid waves constitute the main scene, which makes the sun, moon and stars dim and makes business travel stagnate; Or in the twilight, when tigers roar and apes cry, the former "immigrant poets" have the generosity of "going to the countryside to miss their hometown", the fear of "worrying but afraid of ridicule" and the feeling of "feeling extremely sad"
The fourth paragraph is happy to write things. Under the leadership of "Zhiruo", a sunny picture was opened. "If" is also an enumerated tone, but it has become loud in syllables and lively and powerful in style. The following description, although still a short sentence of four words, is one of the changes in tone, depicting the beautiful scenery of the spring breeze, with beautiful scenery and clear water. More seagulls are flying freely, fish are wandering happily, and even ignorant aquatic plants and orchids are full of vitality. With extremely concise pen and ink, the author painted a spring color picture of lake light, which seemed to be in front of him. It is worth noting that the sentence pattern and rhythm of this paragraph are similar to those of the previous paragraph, but there are other changes. The sentence of "harmony or" further expands the artistic conception, strengthens the meaning of repetition, and pushes the atmosphere of "jubilation" to a climax, while the state of mind of "climbing high and looking far" has become detached from "forgetting humiliation" and "putting wine in the wind".
The fifth paragraph is the focus of the whole article, starting with "Jifu", which is both lyrical and argumentative. After listing the two situations of sadness and joy, the author's writing immediately stirred up, revealing a higher ideal beyond the two situations, that is, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself." Being touched by things is human nature, but it is not the highest state of being a man. In ancient times, benevolent people were determined and did not waver because of changes in external conditions. Whether it is "living in the temple" or "traveling in the rivers and lakes", the heart of worrying about the country and the people will not change. "I am also worried about entering, and I am also worried about retreating." This seems counterintuitive and somewhat incredible. In this regard, the author drew up a question and answer, and issued an oath of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" under the guise of the words of ancient saints. The end of the song is elegant and points out the main idea of the whole article. "alas! "Wes, who are we going home with? "Sad and generous, let a person feel sorry. Note the writing time at the end of the article and coordinate with the beginning of the article.
This article shows that although the author lives in rivers and lakes, cares about the country and the people and is persecuted, he still does not give up his indomitable will. At the same time, it is also an encouragement and comfort to his demoted comrades. Yueyang Tower is famous for its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another contemporary writer, said in an inscription written for him that he was interested in the world since he was a child, and he often recited to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world first, and enjoy the world afterwards." It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world." This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted to an official and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes". He could have taken an independent attitude and lived a leisurely and happy life. However, he put forward the principle that an upright scholar-bureaucrat should stand firm and do his own thing well, and thought that the promotion of personal honor and disgrace could not be ignored. It is hard to encourage yourself and your friends to "not be happy with things, not sad with yourself" and "worry about the world first, and be happy with the world later". The spirit embodied in these two sentences, the quality of suffering first and pleasure second, is undoubtedly instructive.
Brief introduction of the author
Fan Zhongyan (10,989, 1- 1052, June 19) is a Greek. Originally from Yizhou, he moved to Wuxian, Suzhou. Politicians and writers in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard and awarded the commander-in-chief of Guangde Army to join the army. Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks. In the fourth year of Emperor Yangdi (1052), he changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, and died on the way to help the disease at the age of 64. Tired of giving a surname, secretariat and minister of Chu, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", known as Gong.