Common knowledge about ancient cultural titles ppt

1. PPT presentation topics about traditional Chinese culture

Chinese calligraphy, seal cutting, Chinese knots, Peking opera masks, shadow puppets, martial arts

- Qin bricks and Han tiles , terracotta warriors and horses, peach blossom fans, cloisonne, jade carvings, Chinese lacquerware, red lanterns (palace lanterns, gauze lanterns)

-Woodblock watermarks, oracle bone inscriptions, bells and tripods, Han Dynasty bamboo slips

-Tea, Chinese medicine, the four treasures of the study (Inkstone, brush, rice paper, ink), four great inventions

-Vertical wire-bound books, paper-cutting, kites

-Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, magic weapon, Yin and Yang, Zen, Guanyin Hands, filial piety, paper money

-Musical instruments (flute, erhu, drum, guqin, pipa, etc.)

-Dragon and phoenix patterns (taotie pattern, wishful thinking pattern, thunder pattern, return pattern, Ba pattern pattern), auspicious cloud patterns, Chinese embroidery (embroidery, etc.), phoenix eyes

-Painted pottery, purple clay pots, batik, Chinese porcelain

-Ancient weapons (armor, swords, etc.), Bronze ware

2. Introduce some common sense of ancient culture

Ancient common sense: Which of the following terms means "a close friend with deep friendship" (an irreversible friend), which is called "the age of forty" in ancient times? Refers to (forty years old) Note 5 In ancient times, the term "Cui Zuo" only refers to women (thirteen years old). In ancient times, a 20-year-old boy was called (weak crown). In ancient times, the "ding" was originally a kind of (cooking utensil). In ancient times, it was called "find out by the picture." "The Ji is (good horse). The "elegant thing with sleeves" called by ancient literati is (fan). The ancient imperial examinations are arranged in order and need to be passed (rural examination, courtyard examination, palace examination) Note 6 The following historical books do not belong to the Twenty-Four Histories (Shi Tong) The theory of the Five Mountains has existed since ancient times, among which Hengshan Mountain is called (Nanyue) Note 7 The "Yang" in ancient geography refers to (mountain south and water north) The "posthumous title" of the ancients refers to (the emperor's place) Special title) The four major arts in ancient my country refer to (chess, piano, painting and calligraphy). What people call "Sanfu" appears in the lunar calendar (June). The following belong to the twelve earthly branches: (noon) Note 8 The ancients used "the six animals are prosperous" Describes the prosperity of the family, among which the six animals refer to (pig, horse, cattle, sheep, dog, chicken). Moving to the left refers to (demotion) Note 9. The "humble house" mentioned by the ancients refers to (one's own house). The four books in the "Four Books and Five Classics" are (The Analects of Confucius) Mencius Zhongyong University) After the construction of the Great Wall, the "Guan" in the saying "inside and outside the pass" refers to (Shanhaiguan). The ancient "Shangyuan Festival" refers to (Lantern Festival) Note 10 The ancient "Double Ninth Festival" refers to (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month) Double Ninth Festival What I drank was (chrysanthemum wine). The ancient saying "Xinruan" refers to (money). The time from 1:00 to 3:00 in the morning was called (Bing night) in ancient times. The second watch in ancient times was equivalent to the current (1-3 o'clock) in our country. In ancient times, which of the following time periods refers to the current 19:00-21:00 (dusk) The Chinese lunar calendar calls the first day of each month (hui day) Craftsmanship Architecture Which of the following is one of the basic colors in the ancient famous "Tang Sancai" craft (white) my country What was called "thousand-year ice" in ancient times was (crystal) what was called "lucky gold" in ancient my country was (bronze) what was called white jade was (well) what was called "the originator of the construction industry" in our country was (Luban) the ancients packed saltpeter It was lit in a bamboo tube to produce gunpowder firecrackers, which were originally used (to drive away plagues, suppress demons and avoid evil). Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, had made outstanding contributions to one of the four major firecrackers (gunpowder). The "water drainage" function invented during the Eastern Han Dynasty It lies in (improving the quality of iron smelting). The earliest handicraft is (porcelain). The famous "Zhaozhou Bridge" is located in (Hebei Province).

3. What are the ppt forms of Chinese traditional culture?

In China, the word "culture" has existed since ancient times.

The original meaning of "wen" refers to various interlaced textures, which means decoration and articles. "Shuowen Jiezi" states: "Wen is also a wrong painting, and it is like a cross-text."

It extends to various symbols including language and characters, as well as cultural relics, regulations, etiquette systems, etc. The original meaning of "Hua" is change, generation, creation. The so-called "transformation of all things" has its extended meaning of transformation, education, cultivation, etc. ”

These concepts of “culture” in ancient China basically belong to the category of spiritual civilization and often correspond to “force”, “martial arts” and “barbarism”. They themselves contain a kind of positive idealism. Color reflects the "yin" and "soft" aspects of statecraft, and has both political content and ethical significance. Secondly, in ancient times, this word was largely used as a verb, a way to govern society. Methods and ideas are opposed to forceful conquest, but they are also related to and complementary to each other. The so-called "rituals first and then soldiers"

Some also include traditional culture such as snacks and customs.

4. Knowledge of ancient titles

Ancient titles of Tang Dynasty: The emperor called himself: "I".

In addition, sometimes "I" or "I" are also used to call the emperor: in the Tang Dynasty, the emperor was mostly called "sage". As for the romantic emperor like Emperor Ming of Tang, those close to him called him "Sanlang" The Queen calls herself: When the Queen Mother gives orders, she calls herself "Yu". When meeting officials in the reception hall, she calls herself "I". She also uses "I" in many cases. The Concubine calls herself: In formal occasions, she calls herself "Concubine, etc." (note , not a concubine) usually use "I" or "I". The princess calls herself: to the emperor, she also calls "I" or "I". The emperor calls his son: if he is more intimate, he can call him by his nickname, but usually he can call him For example, when a crown prince such as Jiulang calls himself "I" or "I", he usually uses "I" or "I". In addition, he can use "sonchen" when referring to the emperor or empress, and "little king" when referring to his subordinates. The prince is often called "Mr. Lang" by those around him; the kings are called "Prince". Ordinary people: In dramas, there are often terms such as "Ms." and "Ms." between husband and wife. In fact, this is The Tang and Song dynasties made a very big mistake! Basically, when a man greets a woman, whether they are acquaintances or not, they can all call them "ladies", and younger ones can call them "little ladies."

"Niangzi" here does not mean wife, you can use it boldly. The word "Xianggong" is strictly prohibited to be used casually! In the Tang Dynasty, only the prime minister was called "Xiangong".

Older people will also call young people "Lang" or "Langjun". They usually call familiar men by their surname plus their line number or add "Lang" at the end; while they usually call women by their surname and their line number or "Lang" at the end. Call her by her surname, line number, and "Mother". The Emperor of the Song Dynasty called himself: "I".

In addition, sometimes "I" or "I" are also used when others call the emperor: In the Song Dynasty, the emperor was often called "guanjia". The Queen calls herself: When the Queen Mother gives orders, she calls herself "Yu". When meeting ministers in the reception hall, she calls herself "I". Many times she also uses "I". The Queen Mother calls herself: On formal occasions, she calls herself "I", or "I". "Concubine", usually "I" or "I" are used. The emperor's address to the queen mother, queen and concubines: the emperor called the queen mother (mother) "empress", and the emperor called the queen "sage" (this is similar to the "sage" in the Tang Dynasty) (sage)), the emperor calls his concubine "mother". The princess calls herself: she also calls the emperor "I" or "I". The emperor calls his son: if you are more intimate, you can call him by his nickname, or you can call him by his name in normal times, plus What kind of children: such as Huan'er, Gou'er, etc.

The emperor's name for the princess: if you are more intimate, you can call her by her nickname, or you can call her by her name or title. The crown prince and the princes call themselves: "I" or "I" are usually used more often. In addition, "son minister" can be used to address the emperor or queen, and "little king" can be used to address the servants.

The kings are called "Princes". The emperor usually calls his brothers according to their ranking, such as "eldest brother", "ninth brother" and so on.

The same is true between the prince and the princess, or between the emperor's brother and sister. For example, Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou called Emperor Roufu "Twenty Sister", and Roufu called Zhao Gou "Nineth Brother". Zhao Gou had already ascended the throne at that time.

The eunuchs called the emperor, queen and others: "little" or "little people", they were not "slaves" of the Qing Dynasty. Ordinary people: In dramas, there are often terms such as "husband-in-law" and "wife" between husband and wife. In fact, this was a very big mistake in the Tang and Song dynasties! Basically, when a man greets a woman, whether they are acquaintances or not, they can all call them "ladies", and younger ones can call them "little ladies."

"Niangzi" here does not mean wife, you can use it boldly. It is worth noting that you cannot use the title "Miss" casually. Unfortunately, as early as the Song Dynasty, the meaning of "Miss" was "***".

It is strictly forbidden to use the word "Xiangong" casually! In the Song Dynasty, in a narrow sense, it was still limited to the honorific title for the prime minister, but in fact, it could also be used as an honorific title for general high-ranking officials. For example, Yue Fei was called "Xiangong". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, rankings were particularly popular and even as important as surnames, given names, and characters. Some lower-class people only had surnames and rankings, but no names, let alone characters.

So many times people are called by their surname plus ranking, such as Yan Xiaoyi, or Brother Xiaoyi, etc. It should be noted that at that time, calling others "hanzi" or "old man" contained considerable contempt.

A brief explanation of the vocabulary of the Song and Jin Dynasties Nei Ming Fu: In the Song Dynasty, the concubines and concubines in the palace were called Nei Ming Fu. Waifu: The mothers and wives of officials in the Song Dynasty were given titles based on their official positions, such as Lady of the Country, Lady of the County, etc.

Bottom: of. Official: Emperor.

Saint: Queen. Empress: Queen Mother.

Lady: concubine. Pavilion and pavilion points: the residences of Song palace concubines.

Coal: Coal. Group training: The abbreviation of group training.

Utility: A high-ranking sergeant in the Song Army. In the Song Dynasty, sergeants were generally required to have tattoos, but utility was often exempted from tattoos. Bo Jin: Jurchen vocabulary, official.

Tumu: Jurchen vocabulary, a unit of the Jin Army, with a full strength of 10,000 people. Te Mu Bo Jin: Commander of ten thousand men.

Meng'an: Jurchen Vocabulary, a unit of the Jin Army, with a full complement of one thousand people. Meng'an Bojin: Commander of thousands.

Mou Ke: Jurchen vocabulary, a unit of the Jin Army, with a full complement of one hundred people.

To defeat the enemy: centurion.

Puchan: Jurchen vocabulary, a unit of the Jin army, with a full complement of fifty people. Pu chaan bo jin: a fifty-year-old captain.

Alixi: Jurchen vocabulary, the follower of the main soldiers in the Jin army. Wa Bo La Hai: Jurchen vocabulary, knocking to death, this is a popular execution method among Jurchens.

General: translator. Shanman: Jurchen vocabulary, wizard.

Pucha: Jurchen surname. Pei Man: Jurchen surname.

Wulin replied: Jurchen’s surname. Tudan: Jurchen surname.

Xiimao: Jurchen surname. Gulijia: Jurchen surname.

Wen Dun: Jurchen surname. A Dian: Jurchen surname.

Jiagu: Jurchen surname. 9 Nala: Jurchen surname.

Female Xilie: Jurchen surname. Han'er: The Jin Dynasty was called *** in the area formerly ruled by the Liao Dynasty.

Southerners: The Jin Dynasty was called the *** in the areas ruled by the Song Dynasty. Hook: draw.

Dazi: the abbreviation of the bachelor of Zizhengdian. Zhubanzhi: The guards of the emperor of the Song Dynasty were organized into Banhezhi units, collectively called Zhubanzhi.

Jun Rongzhi: One of the band commanders, military band. Command: The Song army's organizational units generally command four hundred or five hundred people.

Siler: boy, young man, young servant. Maid: A hired maid.

Miss: ***. At the beginning of the line: beautiful prostitute.

Zhige: Zhilong Tuge and other abbreviations. Sheren: The abbreviation of Sheren in Zhongshu.

Observation: The abbreviation of observation. Compilation: Abbreviation of Secret Pavilion Compilation.

Dispatch: Song Dynasty official.

5. All titles in ancient China

Complete collection of titles in ancient China (1) Commonly used honorific titles directly include: "Ru, Er, Zi, Er, Gong, Jun", etc.

(2) Those who use nouns as honorifics include: "Sir, my son"; use the place where the other party is or the people under his subordinates to represent the other party, such as "Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Excellency, Deacon, Left and Right", etc.; Address each other respectfully by official status, such as "king, doctor, general, son", etc. (3) The adjectives used to address include: honorable man, honorable brother, honorable driver, honorable wife; good brother, good wife; dear brother, dear brother; noble body, noble surname, noble Geng; noble friend, noble relative, noble neighbor, noble opinion; Great gift, great work, great honor.

2. Modesty title: Modesty title is a self-proclaimed modesty. There are two types: one is: "I", which is divided into four categories: one is to use one's own surname or first name to express humility. Use name. The second category is to use "chen, servant, so-and-so, villain" to refer to oneself as an apology.

The third category is that women often use "concubine, maid, slave, slave" to express their apology. The fourth category is that monarchs often use "little people, no boss, and solitary" to express humility.

The second is to address people related to oneself, which are divided into three types: one is to use adjectives to modify them to show humility. Common ones are: foolish brother, foolish brother, foolish opinion, foolish intention; our country, our country Yi; humble body, humble body, humble breath (calling one's son in front of the emperor), humble wife; daughter, son, trumpet. A humble minister; a humble official.

The second is to use verbs to modify the expression of humility. Common ones are: to think secretly, to think secretly, to hear secretly; to fuwei (lying on the ground thinking, used when the subordinates are talking to the superiors or when the juniors are stating their thoughts to the elders) , Fuwen. The third is to use nouns to show humility.

To humbly refer to one's brother in front of others, use "家". "Father of the family, king of the family, respect of the family, strictness of the family" can all be used to refer to one's father; "mother of the family, loving kindness to the family" can be used to refer to one's mother. ; "Brother" refers to one's elder brother. When addressing relatives who are younger or lower in rank than you, use "She" in front of others. "She's brother" means your younger brother, and "She's nephew" means your nephew.

"家" and "家" can both be translated as "mine". 3. Other titles: Call yourself in front of others.

The emperor calls himself "the humble man", the old calls himself "the old man", the young calls himself "the younger brother" in front of the elders, the monk calls himself "the poor Taoist and the poor monk", and the ordinary people call themselves "the humble". All modesty is self-proclaimed.

He calls others names. For example, the women who accompany the bride are called "bridesmaids", aristocratic women are called "ladies", "madam" was called the wives of princes in ancient times, and later it was used to address ordinary people's wives respectfully. Old men are called "old husband", and young men are called "Lang Jun".

Honorific titles are all other names. A derogatory name is to call others in a contemptuous tone, such as "a bastard, a boy, a naughty person."

Proper names are certain conventional titles. For example, the person who chops wood is called "woodcutter", the boatman is called "zhouzi", and the outstanding figures of the country are called "guoshi".

Pronunciation is the use of other titles to replace the original title. For example, "heroine" is used to refer to a woman, "liyuan" is used to refer to a theater troupe, and "actor" is used to refer to a comedian. Metaphoric pronouns are rhetorical metonymy devices.

A customary name is to call someone by a conventional and customary title. For example, "Laozi and Zhuangzi" refers to Laozi (Li Er) and Zhuangzi (Zhuangzhou) and their theories, and "Jiaohandaoshou" refers to Mengjiao and Jiadao.

Titles for people of different ages: a newborn is called a baby, and a person under one year old is called a swaddling boy. 2 to 3 years old are called children.

A girl is called a 7-year-old girl. A 7-year-old boy is called Shaonian.

Children under 10 years old are called yellow mouth. The age of 13 to 15 is called the age of spoon dancing.

The age of 15 to 20 is called the year of the dancing elephant. When a girl turns 12, she is called the golden hairpin year.

A girl is called her cardamom age when she is 13 years old. When a girl is 15 years old, she is called the age of hairpins.

The age of 16 is called the Jasper Year; the age of 20 is called the Peach and Plum Year. The age of 24 is called the year of flowers and letters; when a woman gets married, it is called the year of plum blossoms.

A 20-year-old man is called a weak crown. 30 years old is called the age of establishment.

The age of 40 is said to be the age of no doubt. The age of 50 is called the age of destiny.

The age of 60 is called the age of sixty or the age of ears. The age of 70 is called the age of seventy.

The age of 80 is called the year of the Zang Dynasty. People aged between 80 and 90 are called octogenarians.

Happy 100th year. In addition, childhood is also called Zongjiao or Chuibi, teenagers are called Bunfa, women waiting to be married are called Tai Nian or Tai Zi, old age is called Haoshou or Baishou, long-lived old people are called Huangfa, etc.

Social terms and titles for making friends: "I've been waiting for you for a long time" when meeting for the first time; "Kingwai" when waiting for a guest; "Huishu" when receiving a letter from the other party; "Excuse me" when asking for help; "Please" when asking someone to do something. ; Use "enlightenment" to ask someone for advice; use "high opinion" to praise someone's opinion; use "forgiveness" to ask for forgiveness; use "longevity" to ask about the age of an old person; use "come" when guests come; use "farewell" to say goodbye to others; use "to see others" "Visit"; to ask someone not to send you something, use "stay"; to trouble others, say "bother"; to ask for convenience, say "borrow light"; to ask for advice, use "ask"; to welcome purchases, say "visit"; to say "long time no see"; If you leave first in the middle of the journey, use "loss compensation"; if you give a work as a gift, use "xiuzheng". Polite titles among relatives and friends: parents are called Gaotang, Chunxuan, parents, and knees.

Parents are called father, family strict; mother, family loving. After the death of his father, he said: "Xianfu, Xianyan, Xiankao".

After the death of the mother, she is called: late mother, first loving-kindness, and first heir. Brothers and sisters call themselves brother, brother, sister, or sister.

Brothers are called Kunzhong and Sizu. Husband and wife are called husband and wife, spouse, and partner.

The names of deceased peers are: deceased brother, deceased brother, deceased sister, deceased wife. Other people's parents call them: Your Majesty, Your Majesty.

Although brothers and sisters are called: brother and sister. Although a person's children are called: son and daughter.

The wife’s father is called: father-in-law, father-in-law, Taishan. Other people's families are called: Fushang, Zunfu.

The name of my family: Humble House, House, and Thatched Cottage. Men and women are collectively called: men are called men, and women are called women.

When one of the spouses dies, it is said to be widowed. The teacher is called: mentor, master.

Student name: disciple, career. The school said: Hanchuang, Chicken Window.

Classmates are called classmates. A small collection of age titles in ancient times: Infancy: less than one year old.

Children: Two to three years old. The first and sixth years: a girl is seven years old.

The beginning of the year: the boy is eight years old. Total angle: a general term for childhood.

The year of hanging bun: refers to children. Huangkou: Under ten years old.

Kindergarten: Ten years old. Golden Hairpin Year: The girl is 12 years old.

Cardamom Years: The woman is 13 years old. Zhixue: 15 years old.

Hairpin: The woman is 15 years old. The age of jasper and the age of broken melon: woman 16.

Weak crown: 20 years old. Peach and Plum Years: The woman is 20 years old.

Flowery years: The woman is 24 years old. Erli: 30 years old.

Buhuo: 40 years old. Destiny: 50 years old.

The year when you know something wrong: 50 years old. Er Shun, sixty years old: 60 years old.

Ancient age: 70 years old. Old age: 80 or 90 years old.

Qi Yi: a hundred-year-old person.

6. What are the various titles in ancient times?

Since ancient times, our country has called infants, young, young, young, strong, middle-aged and old. There are many names, elegant and interesting.

Under one year old - infancy 2 to 3 years old - child girl 7 years old - senior boy 8 years old - young general term - total angle under 10 years old - yellow mouth 13 to 15 years old ——The Year of the Dancing Spoon, 15 to 20 years old—The Year of the Dancing Elephant, 12 years old (female)—The Year of the Golden Hairpin, 20 years old (male)—The Weak Crown, 13 years old (female)—The Year of the Cardamom, 15 years old (female)— The age of hairpin is 16 years old (female) - the age of broken melon, the age of jasper is 20 years old (female) - the age of peach and plum is 24 years old (female) the age of flower letter is getting married - the age of plum is to 30 years old (female) - Ban Lao Xu Mother is 30 years old (male) - the year of establishment. 40 years old (male) - the age of no confusion, the age of strength. 50 years old - over half a hundred years old, the year of knowing wrong, the year of knowing destiny, the year of taking moxa, the year of great expansion. 60 years old - sixty years old, flat-headed armor, the year of Er Shun, the year of Zang Xiang. 70 years old - the age of ancient times, the year of Zang Kingdom, the year of the cause, the year of Zhizhi. 80 years old - the year of Zang Dynasty between 80 and 90 years old - The age of an old man is 90 years old, the age of a turtle is 100 years old - Qi Yi is another name for age in ancient times. It refers to childhood. The words come from the Book of Songs, such as "Zongjiao's Banquet" in "Shi/Weifeng/Mang", and "Zongjiao Xi" in "Qifeng/Futian".

From now on, childhood will be called "General Corner". Preface to the poem "Rongmu" by Tao Yuanming: "When the president hears the Tao, his head becomes useless."

Chuiyou: refers to childhood. In ancient times, boys had no crowns and their hair drooped, so the term "draped hair" was used to refer to childhood.

Pan Yue's "Ode to the Field": "Being covered with brown ruffles, the hair is always hanging down." Bundled hair: refers to young people.

Generally refers to around 15 years old, when you should learn various skills.

"Book of Rites of Da Dai/Bao Fu": "Going to university with your hair tied up is a good way to learn great skills and to practice great ethics."

Ji Hairpin: refers to a 15-year-old woman. The quote comes from "Book of Rites/Nei Principles": "A woman... will have her hair tied every fifteen years."

"Hip" refers to tying hair and using a hairpin to tie it, indicating that it is the age to get married. Waiting years: refers to a woman waiting to get married when she reaches adulthood, also known as "waiting character".

There is a saying in "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty/The Chronicles of Empress Cao" that "the young will wait for their years in the country". From now on, the age when a woman is waiting for marriage is called "waiting year".

"Selected Works/Essentials of the Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty and the Empress Yuan of the Yuan Dynasty": "The love is waiting for the new year, and the golden sound is vigorous." Weak crown: refers to a man who is 20 years old.

The saying comes from "Book of Rites/Qu Lishang" "Twenty means weak, crown". In ancient times, men held a crown ceremony when they were 20 years old, indicating that they had reached adulthood.

One of the poems of Zuo Si's "Ode to History": "The weak crown plays the role of the soft man, and the outstanding man reads the group of books." Erli: refers to 30 years old.

The phrase comes from "The Analects of Confucius/Wei Zheng" "standing at thirty". From now on, the age of thirty will be called the year of "erli".

"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio/Changqing Monk": "A friend may go to his hometown to pay homage to this man, and see that he is silent and sincere, and he is still young." Buhuo: refers to 40 years old.

A quote from "The Analects of Confucius/Wei Zheng" is "Don't be confused at forty." From now on, "Buhuo" will be used as a proxy for the age of 40.

Ying Chu's "Reply to the Korean Constitution": "You are just one step away from being confused." Ai: Refers to 50 years old.

The phrase comes from "Book of Rites/Qu Lishang" "Fifty Days Ai". In old age, the hair is as pale as moxa.

Chapter 37 of "Popular Romance of the Republic of China": "...I am already in my late teens, what else am I dissatisfied with?" Sixty years old: refers to 60 years old. It is named after the intricately intertwined names of the heavenly stems and earthly branches.

Volume 66 of Ji Yougong's "Chronicles of Tang Poems": "(Zhao Mu) Dazhong Xiantong Zhongxiao Li Changji wrote a short song. He said to the wine: 'Sixty flowers are moved with hands, and the circulation is like beads. '." Guxi: refers to 70 years old.

It comes from Du Fu's poem "Qujiang": "Drinking debts are commonplace, but they are rare in seventy years of life." It is also called "Gu Xi".

Haoshou: Refers to old age, also known as "White Head". "Book of the Later Han Dynasty/Biography of Lu Qiang": "Therefore, Duan Ying, the Taiwei, was the most brave man in the world. He was accustomed to border affairs. He bowed his hair and served in the army, and became a great leader."

Yellow hair: refers to a long-lived old man. The words come from the Book of Songs, such as "Huangfa Taibei" in "Shi/Lu Song/Gong".

The old man’s hair turned from white to yellow. Cao Zhi's "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao": "The king loves the jade body, and everyone enjoys the period of yellow hair."

Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring": "The yellow hair hangs down, and he is happy." Fish back: refers to a long-lived old man.

The language comes from the "Book of Songs", such as "Huangtaibei" in "Shi/Daya/Xingwei", "Tai" and "鲐" are common. "Erya/Explanation": "The back of a fish means longevity."

The spots on the old man's body are like the back of a fish. Qi Yi: refers to a hundred years old.

The phrase comes from "Book of Rites/Qu Lishang" "A hundred years is called Qi, Yi". It is said that centenarians should be supported by their descendants.

Su Shi's "Three Poems of Second Rhymes": "You may as well build things wherever you go, and you can count the years as the years pass." "Reader's Digest" first issue in 1983: The period of soup cakes: babies are born in three dynasties, It is called the "soup cake period".

The words come from Liu Yuxi's "Poetry to Zhang Xu". First degree: refers to the child's first birthday.

The phrase comes from the Qionglin Story of Kindergarten by Cheng Yunsheng, a writer of the Qing Dynasty. Later, birthdays were also generally referred to as "the first time", such as the sixtieth birthday as the "sixtieth first time".

馾龀: refers to children. The words come from Volume 1 of "Han Shi Wai Zhuan": "A man's teeth are born in August, and his teeth are toothy at the age of eight....

A woman's teeth are born in July, and her teeth are toothy at the age of seven..." : refers to a child aged nine years. The year of the foreigner: refers to the child's ten years old.

The year of dancing spoon: refers to the age of thirteen years old. The above are all from "Ji".

Poguazhi Nian: refers to a sixteen-year-old woman. This is the way that literati in the old days split the character "melon" into twenty-eight characters to commemorate the year.

"Popular Edition/Women": "Song Xie You's poem: 'Po Gua has a small waist due to his age'. According to custom, a woman's Po Gua is Po Gua, which is wrong.

The word "gua" means Po Zhi. The word "eight" means he is twenty-eighty-six years old. "The year of Pogua" is also said to be sixty-four years old.

"Popular Edition" also says: "If Lu Yan gave Zhang Bo a poem: 'Success will come in the year of Pogua', he would be eighty-eight sixty-four years old." In the year of marriage, a man considers a woman as his wife, and a woman considers a man as her family. Therefore, the "year of marriage" is the year of marriage.

The words come from "Li/Qu Li Shang". The year of the Zang family: refers to fifty years old.

The year of Zhangxiang: refers to sixty years old. The Year of the Stick Kingdom: refers to seventy years old.

The year of the Zang Dynasty: eighty years old. The above titles all come from the "King System".

Lower life expectancy: sixty years old. Middle life: eighty years old.

Longevity: one hundred years. The above titles come from Zhuangzi.

Sixty years old: one hundred and twenty years old. Ancient Xi Shuangqing: one hundred and forty years old.

In addition, people over the age of sixty are collectively called "elderly people", and people over the age of eighty are called "old people". There are also people who generally refer to the elderly as "dragon bell" or "down and out".

"Guangyun": "Dragon bells are like bamboos. The old ones are like bamboo branches swaying and cannot be restrained. Those who are scratchy are the running water on the road. They are upside down and blocked, just like the misfortunes of people, so it goes."

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[The age of men and women in ancient times] Under one year old - infancy; 2~3 years old - child; 7 years old for girls - 40 years old; 8 years old for boys - 40 years old; General term for childhood - - General angle; under 10 years old - Huangkou; 13~15 years old - the year of dancing spoons

7. 50 examples of common knowledge in ancient culture

The moon is also called the moon in ancient poetry. The most prominent described object among the natural objects mentioned in the article.

Its nicknames can be divided into: (1) Because the first moon is like a hook, it is called silver hook or jade hook. The moon is like a bow, so it is called jade bow, bow moon.

(3) Because the full moon is like a wheel, a disk, or a mirror, it is called a gold wheel, a jade wheel, a silver disk, a jade disk, a gold mirror, or a jade mirror. (4) Because it is said that there are rabbits and toads in the moon, it is called Silver Rabbit, Jade Rabbit, Golden Toad, Silver Toad, and Toad Palace.

(5) Because it is said that there are laurel trees in the moon, it is called Guiyue. Guilun, Guigong, and Guipo. (6) Because it is said that there are two palaces in the moon, Guanghan and Qingxu, so they are called Guanghan and Qingxu.

(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the palace. (8) Because it is said that Chang'e lives in the middle of the moon, the moon is called Chang'e.

(9) People often compare beautiful women to the moon, so they call it the moon. It is Chanjuan. China is now the abbreviation of the People's Republic of China.

However, in ancient literature, it is an ambiguous phrase and is often used to refer to the Central Plains region.

For example, Mencius's "The Story of Qi Huan and Jin Wen": "He came to China to care for the four barbarians. "Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff": "If the Wu and Yue people can compete with China, it is better to defeat them as soon as possible. "

"Driving Chinese scholars far across the rivers and lakes. " In ancient China, the Huaxia people lived in the Yellow River Basin in the four directions, so it was called "China". It was later often used to refer to the Central Plains area.

For example, "Three Kingdoms": "It borders China to the east and borders China to the west. Western Region. "Now it has become another name for China.

According to the legend of Kyushu, the nine administrative regions divided into ancient times in my country, the state names are: Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang, Yong. Later became another name for China.

Lu You's poem says: "I know that everything is futile when I die, but I cannot see the same sadness as all the states." ""On the Passage of Qin" "Prefaces the eight states and dynasties are in the same row." Qin lived in Yongzhou, and adding the eight states is Jiuzhou.

The Central Plains is also called Zhongtu and Zhongzhou. The Central Plains in a narrow sense refers to the area around present-day Henan Province. In a broad sense, the Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the entire Yellow River Basin.

For example, in the "Departure of the Army": "Lead the three armies and set the Central Plains in the north." "Lu You's poem "Shi'er": "Wang Shibei fixed the day of the Central Plains, and he never forgot to tell Nai Weng when making family sacrifices. "

Refers to the entire Yellow River Basin. Hai Nei Ancient legend says that our country is surrounded by the sea, so the territory within the country is called Hai Nei.

Wang Bo's "Du Shaofu's Appointment in Shuzhou": "Hai Nei Keeping a close friend in your heart will make you feel like you are a neighbor in the world. "Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff": "There was great chaos in the sea, and the general raised troops to Jiangdong. ”

For Sihai, please refer to the article “Hai Nei”. It refers to the world and the whole country.

For example, Jia Yi’s "Guo Qin Lun" "has the meaning of sweeping the world, including the universe, and encompassing the four seas." "Battle of Chibi": "Then he defeated Jingzhou and shocked the world. "

"Afang Palace Fu": "After the completion of the six kings, the four seas -. "Tombstone Story of Five People": "How many people can there be in the vast world?" "Liuhe, upper, lower, and four directions, generally refers to the world.

For example, "Guo Kuang, the emperor of the Qin Dynasty, controlled Liuhe", "Then Liuhe was his home, and Dihan was his palace." Li Bai's poem "Ancient Style": "The king of Qin swept Liuhe, how majestic the tiger looked!" The Eight Wastelands The distant places in all directions are still called "the world".

"On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty": "It encompasses the meaning of the four seas and the heart of the eight wastelands." Liang Qichao's "Young China Theory": "Though there are thousands of years, there are eight wastelands."

Rivers refer specifically to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in many ancient articles. For example, "Hongmen Banquet": "The general fights in Henan, and the minister fights in Hebei."

"On the Passage of Qin": "Then practice Huahua City, because the river is a pond." "The War of Yao": "The public envoy Yang Chu The father pursued it and reached all the rivers."

Another example is "Xian's tomb is in Hangzhou, where the rivers are wide and deep." Here "jiang" refers to the Yangtze River and "river" refers to the canal. Jiangzuo is Jiangdong.

The ancients regarded east as left and west as right. "The Meeting of Heroes and Jiang Qian's Plan": "Immediately send an order to summon the heroes from Jiangzuo to meet Ziyi."

Jiang Biao The area south of the Yangtze River. "Battle of Chibi": "The heroes on the river surface, Xian returned to him."

Jiangnan is the general name for the south of the Yangtze River, and the area it refers to varies with time. Bai Juyi's poem goes: "The south of the Yangtze River is good, and the scenery is familiar to me before."

Wang Anshi's poem goes: "The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again?" Huaizuo East of Huai River.

"Yangzhou Slowness" "The famous capital of Huaizuo, the best place in Zhuxi", Yangzhou is to the east of Huai River. Shandong, as the name suggests, is on the east side of the mountain.

However, it should be noted that the "mountain" in "Shandong" can refer to several different mountains such as Mount Wei, Mount Huashan, Mount Taihang, Mount Tai, etc., and the regions they refer to are not the same. The following is "Shandong" with Weishan as the standard.

For example, the "Book of Han" once mentioned that "Shandong will produce prime ministers, and Shanxi will produce generals." "Hongmen Banquet": "When Peigong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for wealth."

"On the Passage of Qin": "The heroes of Shandong then joined forces and destroyed the Qin clan.

"Guandong refers to the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan in ancient times, and refers to the northeastern region east of Shanhaiguan in modern times.

Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing": "There are righteous men in Guandong who raise troops to fight against the evil. "Refers to the area east of Tongguan.

Guanxi refers to the area west of Hanguguan or Tongguan. "Battle of Chibi": "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Guanxi to deal with future troubles. "

Guanzhong refers to different scopes. The ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wanted to be the king of Guanzhong and made Ziying his prime minister. "

"On Passing the Qin": "The First Emperor's heart was that he thought Guanzhong was solid. "The Western Regions were called my country's Xinjiang and its western regions in ancient times.

"Yandang Mountain": "According to the Book of the Western Regions, Arahat Nojuluo lived in Longqiu, Furong Peak, Yandang Mountain, on the southeastern coast of Sinian. "Shuo Mo refers to the desert in the north. It can also be called "Shuo" alone, which refers to the north in general.

"Collecting Herbs": "Shuo Mo is full of peaches and plums. "Mulan Poems": "The new energy spreads to the golden watch, and the cold light shines on the iron clothes." "

Shuoqi refers to the wind from the north. "Lin Jiaotou Fengxue Mountain Temple" "Still coming back against the Shuofeng" refers to the north wind.

Baiyue is also called Baiyue, Zhu Yue. In ancient times, the Yue people lived in various parts of Guangdong, and were collectively referred to as Baiyue.

In ancient texts, "Guo Qin Lun" "takes the land of Baiyue from the south" and "Gathering Herbs". "The more you go, the more peach and plum trees will grow."

The five famous mountains are collectively called Dongyue Mountain, Xiyue Mountain, Zhongyue Mountain, Beiyue Mountain, and Nanyue Mountain. The five mountains cover Chicheng. "

Gyeonggi capital and its surrounding areas. "The Anecdotes of Zuo Zhongyi Gong": "The ancestor Zuo Zhongyi studied in Gyeonggi Province. "

Sanfu originally referred to the three officials who governed the Gyeonggi area during the Western Han Dynasty, and later referred to the areas under the jurisdiction of these three officials. "The Biography of Zhang Heng": "Heng Shao was good at literature and traveled in Sanfu. "

"Record of Wang Zhongsu Gong Ao's Affairs": "The Duke's daughter married to the wife of an official in Jifu. "After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was referred to as "Fu".

Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan. Xiang Yu destroyed the Qin Dynasty.