Ancient poets often chose names for themselves. On what basis did they choose their names?

"Zi" is limited to people with status in ancient times. ?"Book of Rites·Quli" says: "A man's 20th hairpin is used for his character" and "A woman's 15th hairpin is used for her character". This means that regardless of male or female, the character can only be chosen when they reach adulthood. The purpose of choosing a character is to be respected. He is for others to call him. Most people, especially peers and subordinates, are only allowed to address their elders by their names and not by their first names. ?

The main basis for the ancient method of naming characters are as follows: ?①Tautology. For example, Qu Yuan's name is Ping, his courtesy name is Yuan, and Guangping is Yuan. Confucius's students Zaiyu, also known as Ziwo, Ji Lu, Ziyou, Yan Hui, Ziyuan, Zhuge Liang, Kongming, Tao Yuanming, Yuanliang, Zhou Yu, Gongjin, Zhugejin, Ziyu, and Wen Tianxiang, Jingrui, all belong to this category. . ?

②Antonymous and relative. Jin Dynasty official Zhao Shuai (meaning to decrease) was named Ziyu (meaning to increase). Zeng Dian (Xiao Hei) has clear characters and white color. Wang Ji of the Tang Dynasty had the courtesy name Wugong, Zhu Xi (Huoliang) had the courtesy name Yuanhui, Yuan Zhaomeng (Fu) had the courtesy name Ziang, and Yan Shu had the courtesy name Tongshu. ③Lian Yi speculates. Zhao Yun's courtesy name was Zilong (Yun Conglong); Chao Buzhi's courtesy name was Wujiu; Su Shi's courtesy name was Zizhan ("Zuo Zhuan Xi 28th Year": "Jun Feng Shi came to observe it"); Yue Fei's courtesy name was Pengju. ?

It can be seen from the above three categories that characters and names are closely related. Characters are often supplements or explanations of names. This is called "name correspondence" and they are mutually exclusive, so characters are also called "names." "Character". These three are the main ones. In addition, there are also the characters based on the five elements of the stems and branches, the characters for ranking, or the character line plus the ranking, and the character "father" (Fu) added after the character, which is generally included in the scope of the character. ?The aspect of life characters is the same as naming, with the flavor of the times. A general trend is to beautify words and respect the elderly, especially in respect of the elderly.

After the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the strengthening of Neo-Confucianism, there were more and more red tapes, and scholars also made a fuss about titles. The title was to show respect, but after a long time, it gradually became more and more complicated. The word "gan" was not respectful enough, so there was another word that was more respectful than the word. The number is also called an alias, an alias, or an alias. "Zhou Li·Chun Guan·Da Zhu" states: "It is more beautiful to be called in order to respect his name." The name and title are chosen by the elders, but the title is different. At first, the title was chosen by oneself, and it was called one's own title. Later, there were titles given by others, such as honorific title, elegant title, etc.

The Hao originated very early, but it was not popular until the Six Dynasties period. Ge Hong and Tao Qian had Hao, but most people at that time did not. It became particularly popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties for two reasons: strengthened ethics and morals, developed literature, and literati paid attention to elegance. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the expansion of the scope of literati and the promotion of emperors and emperors, it became even more popular. Looking at the characteristics of ancient people's fate numbers, we can also summarize them into a few. Self-titles generally have a meaning. ?Or they call themselves Mr. Wuliu based on the environment of their residence: For example, Tao Qian calls himself Mr. Wuliu. Li Bai lived in Qinglian Township, Sichuan since he was a child, so he called himself Qinglian layman. Su Shi, who called himself Dongpo Jushi. Lu You, named Guitang. Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan layman. Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, called himself Jintang Old Man, Zhu Houcong, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, called himself Diaosou Tianchi, and Zhu Yi, Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, called himself Yuzhai. In his later years, Qianlong called himself the Shiquan Old Man and the Ancient Emperor. Xianfeng (Yi) calls himself a Taoist.

Or he named himself based on his purpose and ambition: Du Fu, who called himself Shaoling Yelao, "Ten thousand books, a thousand ancient inscriptions, a harp, a game of chess, a pot of wine, and an old man." ——"Sixty-one layman" is Ouyang Xiu's self-title in his later years. He Zhizhang, who called himself Siming Kuangke; Jin Xinnong, who called himself a monk, porridge rice monk, both reflected his personal interests. Some people also name themselves by their birth date, literary artistic conception, physical features, and even shocking words. ?