Names of ancient articles

Most of the boudoir daughters' homes described in ancient books are narcissistic, before she fell in love with someone. The first person she fell in love with was herself, and her best friend was a mirror. The most famous mirror is a stream called Ruoye. The beautiful reflection of the girl washing gauze by the stream made the fish dive to the bottom of the water, leaving a story that can't be told for thousands of years.

In ancient times, bronze mirrors were used to dress up and shine evil spirits. The earliest existing bronze mirror was unearthed in the tomb of a good woman in Yin Ruins. Presumably, a female hero who goes out with her husband loves beauty at heart, not to mention ordinary women in the world. In the Western Han Dynasty, people began to use bronze mirrors as tokens of love between men and women, which means "hearts set each other off". Give gifts to each other before death, "accompany each other day and night", and then bury them in the tomb after death to show "live and die together"

There is a story of "Second Reunion" in Tang Su 'e's Miscellanies of Duyang, which tells the story of Princess Lechang and her son-in-law Xu Deyan going through hardships, joys and sorrows, and finally coming together. Today, it is still often used to describe the reunion of husband and wife after separation or after divorce. In the Song Dynasty, Huang Jian wrote in Qinyuanchun: "Flowers in the mirror, the moon in the water, I hope I don't know where it came from." I can't help thinking of the dream in A Dream of Red Mansions, the deep and hopeless love.

underwear

The underwear of ancient women was first called "lewd clothing". "Yin" means "frivolous and not solemn", which shows that the mentality of ancient people towards underwear is evasive and taboo. China underwear has a long history, and the earliest historical data can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. Ancient women's underwear contains endless feelings of the past. "The front is round, the back is short and the front is long, which is a traditional concept of integration with heaven and earth; Tie the waist, chest, shoulders, etc. In order to achieve different "body shaping" effects in the flow. Small patterns must be embroidered at the seam of the package to cover the knot of the line and keep the picture complete. This is the so-called "going abroad for love", which combines dozens of techniques such as embroidery, sewing, pasting, mending, sewing, rolling and rolling to express different themes. Unfortunately, some handicrafts have been lost today.

In the sixty-fifth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, You Sanjie wrote "Loose arm in arm, red coat half-closed, revealing a lush tube top and a trace of snow milk", and Jia Zhen and Jia Lian, two cattle and dogs, drank Huasan freely, laughed and denounced, and had enough fun with two shameless men. But when Liu Xianglian's cold face appeared, she was in tears, but she couldn't even say a word of defense. Only death showed her heart, and she was pitiful. "Peach blossoms are everywhere, and Yushan is hard to help."

Qingsi Qingsi

Green silk sticks in Qi Mei, which is at 15 o'clock in the cocoa season;

At first glance, Nong is unmarried, and her hair is still hanging at her temples.

This is a sentence in Zhuzhi Ci. In ancient times, when a woman was fifteen years old, the story of Qingsi began. Hair is the carrier of ancient women's feelings, and moss is love silk. A wisp of love is always pinned on the man you love, just like a vine attached to a tree. Love stories handed down from generation to generation in ancient notes can be seen everywhere. In ancient times, women gave each other hair and showed deep affection for each other. Most of these stories ended in men's bad faith. When she cut off a strand of hair as a token of her lover, she didn't know that it was only herself who was finally entangled in that strand of hair. There is an old legend: Lin Jun, the leader of Ba people, led a fleet to the west of Qingjiang River and fell in love with the beautiful goddess of salt water in Yanchi. Lin Jun gave her a lock of hair and said, "Tie it up and I will live and die with you." But Lin Jun didn't want to stop the pace of the Western Expedition. The goddess didn't want to become a flying insect, blocking his way and keeping him. Lin Jun shot the goddess with an arrow on the Shi Yang. The hair he sent was still wrapped around her neck when she died ... "Tie it up, I want to die with you."

A thick, fine-toothed comb

China pays attention to etiquette since ancient times, and people attach great importance to their appearance and decoration. Combs make hair clean and dust-free and look like silk. As early as 4000 years ago, our ancestors had the habit of inserting combs. Combs before the Spring and Autumn Period are complex in shape and beautifully decorated, but their appearance features are basically the same, and they are all vertical: the comb handle is high, the transverse surface is narrow, and it is rarely square or flat. From the Warring States to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the materials of combs were mainly bamboo, especially wood. The comb is more like a horseshoe under a circle. Combs in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties were mostly trapezoidal, and their height was obviously reduced. Their materials and decorations vary according to their uses. After the Song Dynasty, combs tended to be flat, usually made into a half-moon shape. The combing style in Ming and Qing Dynasties basically maintained the Song system.

cosmetics

During the Warring States period, women began to apply lead powder to their faces, and black thrush turned themselves into beautiful women. Song Yuzhi's "big moves" include "white powder and black powder", while Shi Fang only has. Long face, be kind. " Said. "Everything is done wrong" also said: "Therefore, the beauty of beauty among beauties is not good for my face, which is twice as good as when I use powder." Of course, the most famous words are from the Warring States Policy, which says, "A scholar dies for a bosom friend, and a woman looks after herself".

In ancient times, there were two kinds of cosmetic powders. One was made by grinding rice grains and adding spices, so the word powder changed from "rice" to "fen". The other is pasty flour fat, commonly known as "Hu powder". Because it is made of lead, it is also called "lead powder".

Besides rice flour and lead powder, cosmetic powder can also be made of other substances. For example, there was a "Jade Girl peach blossom powder" made of motherwort and gypsum powder in the Song Dynasty; In the Ming dynasty, there was "pearl powder" made of mirabilis jalapa seeds; In the Qing Dynasty, there were "stone powders" made of talc and other fine and soft minerals. The color of the powder has also increased from the original white to various colors, and it is also mixed with various precious spices, which is more attractive.

In ancient times, rouge was the main cosmetic matched with makeup powder. Rouge, also known as "Yan Zhi" and "Yan Zhi", is a kind of red pigment and the main product of cosmetics, similar to the blush we use today.

Handkerchiefs. Through the heart.

There are not many girls who use handkerchiefs now. Handkerchiefs are the same as jewelry for ancient women. They are usually folded into concentric circles and stuffed in armbands. Handkerchiefs are intimate and warm, so ancient women became Jin Lan's sworn sisters, also known as "friends". Putting a ring on one corner of the handkerchief and other triangles passing through it is called "wearing the heart", which may contain the daughter's heart. A Dream of Red Mansions wrote the legacy of infatuated daughter Xiaohong in the 24th chapter, which made her homesick and finally made a love affair. This small square towel conveys many emotions in the silent female world for thousands of years. Blue ones get wet easily, and red ones are covered with tears. Li Jiedu Ji's poem "Book Red Yarn Handkerchief" in Tang Dynasty wrote:

The bag smells good. When anyone sees it stolen, his tears turn red.

Diligence leaves a relaxed heart so that you can be in the arms of your lover.

The yearning for physical and mental harmony is so real that tears fall down. In the quiet and lonely time, Su Chi Lingpa bears the long-term lovesickness and sadness of ancient women, waiting for a mountain and a water. ...

Albizia julibrissin quilt

Also known as "combination quilt". Unified quilt with symmetrical patterns. It symbolizes the love between men and women. "Nineteen ancient poems. Guests from afar: "literary talent is like a pair of mandarin ducks, cut into a quilt." Tang Bai Juyi's Yu Shunzhi's Answer to Xia Zi's Strange Poems: "It's better to sew a silk quilt and miss you like a gentleman." Tang Wen Ting Yun's "Brocade Poem": "Cutting silk quilts for you, the stars are thousands of miles away."

The author of A Dream of Red Mansions once described Tanchun's boudoir in great detail: "The three rooms have never been separated. There is a marble case of huali in the local area; There are various celebrity calligraphy posts and dozens of precious inkstones on the case. Pencil holders of various colors are inserted into the sea like wood. On the other side is a big Ruyao flower bag, which is filled with a bag of glittering and translucent white chrysanthemums. There is a big picture of Xiangyang misty rain in the middle of the western wall, and a pair of couplets is hung on the left and right, which is Yan ink. "

About ancient costumes

(A Brief History of Clothing in China):

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In addition, there is another one about the official costume culture:

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About ancient coins

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/question/35586435.html？ Si= 1 (used to identify ancient coins)

There are really too many hairstyles for women:

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Appreciation of ancient book case supplies in China

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Etiquette and customs, ancient articles

First of all, the coronation ceremony

At the age of twenty, the aristocratic children of the Zhou Dynasty were crowned by their fathers in the ancestral hall. Before the ceremony, the date and guests were selected by divination. When the ceremony was held, the guests were crowned three times: first, they were crowned with cloth, indicating that they had the privilege of ruling others from now on; Secondly, with Pigou, he said that he would serve in military service from now on; Finally, I added a knight, indicating that I have the right to participate in the sacrifice from now on. After saluting the guests, I went to see my mother, then the guests took the word "Zi", and then I went to see my brothers and sisters. Finally, I wore a hat, a dress and a present to see the monarch, Dr. Qing and Mr. Xiang. After the host toasted the guests and presented gifts, the coronation ceremony ended.

Men can get married after being crowned. When a woman is fifteen years old, she can make gifts, tie her hair and tie it in a bun, indicating that she is an adult and can get married.

Etiquette and custom

Crown crown

Men's fur hat

Yang Jue

politeness

Second, the wedding

In the Spring and Autumn Period, a vassal married the daughter (the first wife) of a country, and the woman married her nephew. In addition, two countries with the same surname as the woman sent their daughters to accompany him, each with his nephew. It is usually called "concubine". By the Warring States period, there was no concubine system.

In ancient times, when a woman got married, it was called "returning", and the married woman took the man's home as her home.

There are six procedures in ancient weddings from engagement to marriage, which are called "Six Rites":

1. Only then did the man give a small gift (a goose) to the woman.

Express a proposal.

2. Ask the name, and the man will ask the woman's name clearly so that he can go home.

Divination is good or bad.

3. Najib, after the good omen of the ancestral temple, went to the woman's house to report good news, also

Give some gifts.

4. Taking the levy is equivalent to announcing the engagement and sending a heavier one.

Bride money means money and silk.

5. Invite the date, choose the wedding date and ask the woman's consent.

6. Wedding ceremony. Among them, conscription and wedding ceremony are the most important.

Third, the funeral.

In the concept of the ancients, the soul is immortal after death, so a certain ceremony should be held to make the soul in a good condition.

When people are dying, they will put new flocs on their noses and mouths to see if they are dead. This is called "genus"

When a person begins to die, sending someone to the roof to summon the soul of the deceased to the north is called "recovery".

"Recover" from waking up, and then handle the funeral. Bathe the dead first, and then wrap the dead in clothes. This is called "Lian Xiao" and put it in a coffin. This is called "punching the face".

Rice or jade must be put into the mouth of the deceased when it is collected, which is called "rice content".

After the funeral, those who stop to wait for burial are called "mourning" and those who go out are called "mourning".

The funeral rule is to hold the funeral in white, and the funeral is the rope to pull the chariot. The original intention of the funeral procession was that relatives and friends helped pull the chariot, but it was actually just a form.

Fourth, the ceremony

The ancients attached great importance to sacrificial ceremonies, which were listed as two major events of the country along with war. The names and ceremonies of sacrificial ceremonies are too numerous to mention. The following is a brief introduction to the big sacrifices, middle sacrifices and small sacrifices in the Zhou Dynasty according to Zhou Li.

A big sacrifice refers to the establishment of temples in heaven and earth, burning jade-colored pure-color sacrifices on firewood and raising smoke to worship the gods.

Mid-term sacrifice refers to arranging the sun, the moon and the stars, and burning them in firewood with sacrifices and coins to raise smoke.

Small sacrifices refer to wind makers, such as Apollo, who burn firewood with sacrifices to make smoke rise to worship Zhong, Commander, Wind Lord and Apollo.

In addition, blood drops are used to worship the country, sacrifices and jade coins are buried underground or in water to worship mountains and rivers, and sacrifices are used to worship small gods of mountains, rivers and valleys and everything. Sacrifice to the first king is called shrine sacrifice in spring, taste sacrifice in summer and sacrifice in winter. When the four seasons offered sacrifices to the former king, it was presided over by a great man and attended by the king, queen and ministers, which was extremely grand.

Ancient articles

Ancient food containers

Gui is shaped like a big bowl. People put food outside Yan and eat it in Guangxi.

Fu is a rectangular container for holding food, which has the same purpose as Fu, so it is called "Fu to Fu".

Beans, like goblets, were originally used to hold sacrificial millet, and then gradually used to hold meat sauce and broth.

A bowl, a container for drinking water, has an open mouth, a deep belly, ears and a round foot.

Case, also called food case, is a tray for eating. It is very small, with four or three feet and short feet. The ancients often "cited Qi Mei" to show their respect when eating.

graphical user interface

China ancient square grain ritual vessels

pea

Metal/clay pot

Bi is a long-handled spoon;

Well, it's a rectangular chopping block with feet at both ends.

Chopsticks, utensils for holding food, are homophonic with "live" and mean to stop. Because of taboo, the antonym is "kuai", and because it is made of bamboo, the prefix "bamboo" is added as "chopsticks", which is still in use today.

dagger

Ancient sacrificial utensils

chopsticks

Ancient cookware

Ding, originally made of pottery, began to be made of bronze after the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. The belly is generally round and has three legs under it, so it is called "three legs stand in balance". There are two ears on the top of the tripod, which can be hung with a stick. You can have a barbecue under the tripod. According to different uses, the size of tripods varies greatly.

The wok is a tripod with no feet, which is similar to the existing cauldron and is mainly used for cooking fish and other foods.

Retort is an apparatus for steaming rice, similar to today's steamer and steamer. It was originally made of pottery, and later made of bronze. It has a straight mouth and ears, and there are many holes in the bottom. It is placed on a retort or pot, which is full of food to be steamed. After boiling, the food is steamed through the hole.

You are similar to a tripod, except that your feet are empty and you communicate with your abdomen. This is to accept heat transfer in a wider range and make food cooked as soon as possible. You and you can be a set, and this set is called "you". You are only used as a cooker, so your size is smaller than a tripod.

pot

pot

Ancient pottery vessels for steaming food.

An ancient cooker with a grid

Ancient cooking tripod with hollow legs

Ancient wine vessel

Zun is the floorboard of ancient wine vessels. As a proper noun, it is an open, high-necked and complete wine container. Zun is often decorated with animal images.

Pot is a wine container with a long neck, a big belly and round feet, which can hold both wine and water, so later generations use "eating pot pulp" to refer to rewarding the army.

"Yi", "You", "Lei" and "Yong" are all wine containers with different shapes.

Jue, the general name of ancient drinking vessels, was used as a proper name to warm wine. It has three legs and can make a fire and warm wine.

A drinking device with two sharp corners and a mouth.

Gong is an instrument for holding and drinking wine. It is like a horizontally placed horn, with a rectangular circle and a cover. Gong is often used as a punishment for drinking.

Wine vessel

Kettle for boiling water

Niujiao wine container

noble

corner

Chenzhaoning pt

Oval cups are used to hold soup, wine and water. The cup is made of jade, copper, silver and porcelain, and the small cup is a cup.

Well, it's also a container for wine. There is a saying at the Hongmen Banquet that "wine is enough".

cup

Ancient wine vessel

ancient furniture

Bed is the earliest furniture after mat. At first, the bed was extremely short, and almost all the ancients read, wrote, ate and slept on it.

After the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the height of the bed was similar to that of today's bed, and it became furniture for sleeping.

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, tall furniture has been widely used, including beds, tables, chairs, stools, high tables, long desks, cabinets, clothes hangers, towel racks, screens, washstands, and mirror frames. There are many kinds and varieties.

Every dynasty's furniture pays attention to craftsmanship, and strives for rich patterns and exquisite carvings, showing a strong traditional style of China and becoming an integral part of China's traditional culture. Its unique style and style have had a far-reaching impact on many countries in the world.

Mats, the oldest and most primitive furniture, were first woven from leaves, and later were mostly woven from reeds and bamboo sticks. The ancients often "sit on the floor", which shows that mats are widely used.