What is the concept of summer solstice?
Summer solstice was also called "Summer Festival" and "Summer solstice Festival" in ancient times. In the ancient summer solstice, people prayed for disaster and prosperity by offering sacrifices to God. "Zhou Li Chun Guan" contains: "With the arrival of summer, go to local things." Sacrificing to God in the summer solstice of the Zhou Dynasty means eliminating plague, famine and starvation. Historical Records records: "On the solstice of summer, people worship the land with music and dance." As an ancient festival, the summer solstice began in the Song Dynasty, and officials have a three-day holiday. In Liao Dynasty, this day was called "summer solstice", and women entered colorful fans to give each other a legacy (Liao history). In the Qing dynasty, it was also called "summer solstice is a day's transition, and the sun, the next day and the last day were called" three hours ",so people lived cautiously.
Calculation of summer solstice date [Y*D+C]-L
Interpretation of the formula: Y= two digits after the number of years, D=0.2422, L= leap year, 2 1 century C=2 1.37, and 20th century =22.20.
For example, the date of summer solstice in 2088 = [88× .0.2422+21.37]-[88/4] = 42-22 = 20, and the date of summer solstice is June 20th.
Exception: 1928 plus 1 day.
[Edit this paragraph] Summer solstice custom
Solstice is the earliest festival in China. Before the Qing dynasty, there was a national festival on the solstice of summer. I went home to reunite with my relatives and have a drink. The Book of Rites also records the obvious phenomenon of solar terms in nature from summer to solar day: "From summer to solar day, antlers are untied, cicadas begin to sing, Pinellia ternata is born, and hibiscus is glorious." It shows that the antlers can be cut at this time, cicadas begin to sing, and Pinellia ternata and hibiscus gradually bloom. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, summer is the season with the highest yang. Health care should conform to the characteristics of abundant yang in summer, pay attention to protecting yang, and focus on a "long" word.
On this day, cold noodles are commonly eaten in all parts of Shandong, commonly known as water crossing, and there is a proverb that "the solstice in winter is in the solstice in summer in jiaozi".
In Laiyang area, new wheat is recommended from summer to day, and in Huangxian (now Longkou City) area, new wheat grains can be eaten when cooked. Children weave a delicate small hedge with wheat straw and fish it into their mouths again and again in soup. It is not only a game but also a game, which is very interesting for farm life.
In Pingyin area, ancestors sacrificed from summer to the sun.
Folli. From summer to the future, the third Geng Day is the first day, the fourth Geng Day is the middle day, and the first Geng Day after beginning of autumn is the last day, which is collectively called Furi. Fukui people have poor appetite and are often thinner than usual, commonly known as "bitter summer". Some places in Shandong eat raw cucumbers and boiled eggs to cure "bitter summer", and eat eggs in the morning on a rainy day without eating other foods.
As for Furi, Shandong people should improve their diet, while Jiaodong people eat noodles. Long Island Folk Song: "beginning of autumn? (intersection) concave. " Zhaoyuan eats jiaozi, Wudi is used to eating noodles and bean noodle soup, Zoucheng likes to drink ice water, and some people go to Yishan Cave for the summer.
Linyi area has the custom of improving the eating habits of cattle. Furi cooks barley soup for cows. It is said that cows are strong and can work without sweating. The folk song says: "Spring bullwhip, licking Han Niu (ox), wheat kernel soup, licking ox rice, licking ox without sweating, until June." After lodging, it is the season to plant autumn vegetables. There is a saying that "radish can be planted first and buckwheat can be planted later".
[Edit this paragraph] Summer solstice farming
After the summer solstice, due to the vigorous growth of crops, the rapid growth and spread of weeds, pests and diseases, and the golden season of grass, fertilizer and livestock flourishing in plateau pastoral areas, agricultural production in most parts of southern China entered the field management period. At this time, the rainfall in the western part of South China increased obviously, which gradually changed the distribution trend of rainfall in South China from the east to the east since the spring. If there is a summer drought, it is generally expected to be lifted at this time. In the past 30 years, the number of large-scale floods in western South China in late June was small, but the degree was serious. Therefore, special attention should be paid to preparing for flood control. The summer solstice solar term is the solar term with the largest annual rainfall in eastern South China, which is often controlled by subtropical high in the future, resulting in summer drought. In order to enhance drought resistance and win a bumper harvest in agriculture, it is an important measure to capture and store pre-dormant rainwater in these areas.
After the summer solstice, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms are often easy to form in the afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes, and the rainfall range is small. People call it summer rain over the mountains. In the south, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully used this weather and wrote a famous poem about the sunrise in the east and the rain in the west, saying that there is no sunny, only sunny.
"However, the summer solstice is not hot." "The summer solstice is already three years old." Astronomy stipulates that the summer solstice begins in the northern hemisphere, but the solar radiation heat received by the surface is still more than the heat released by the ground anti-radiation, and the temperature continues to rise, so the summer solstice is not the hottest season in a year. About twenty or thirty days, usually the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, in the dog days, the temperature in the north is high, the sunshine is abundant, the rain is increasing, the crops grow vigorously, and weeds and pests grow rapidly, so it is necessary to strengthen field management. Agricultural proverbs say, "Summer solstice is better than a poisonous snake bite", "Summer solstice is in the dog days, and cultivated land is better than watering the garden", "When it comes to summer solstice, the golden season should be the first". In practice, the working people have summed up a set of agricultural proverbs, "The days are the longest from summer to Sunday, and the farmers in the southern slope and the northern depression are the busiest. In summer, corn should be broadcast quickly, and soybean seedling should be delayed. Early spring crops should be carefully managed, followed by watering, weeding and pest control. Summer crops should be replanted with seedlings, and the soil should be loosened frequently between rows. When cotton enters the full bud stage, conventional measures are adopted. Once hit by hail, the field consultation will find a good prescription. Generally, don't turn the seeds, they will be loose after pruning. Sorghum and corn Taneda should be strictly managed to ensure the quality. Miscellaneous plants in the field should be pulled out, and the female parent corn male should be stripped. We should strengthen the management of garlic, eggs and vegetables. Water the fruit trees that have been dry for a long time without rain, and you must not water them too much. Fish chaff in the water tank, animals like to eat, and they are strong. The second alfalfa is good for abdominal distension, and it is no problem to mix more hay. Take good care of lotus root, reed and cattail, and feed fish regularly and quantitatively. The ancient frog has contributed a lot, and everyone should protect him from harm. " .
[Edit this paragraph] Summer diet
From the summer of the lunar calendar to the third Geng day in the future, it enters the dog days. At this time, the weather is hot, people lose their appetite and start to lose weight, which is "dry summer". People began to take time off for the summer, pay attention to dietary supplements, and the government stopped working. There are three fresh foods in Jiangsu's summer diet: amaranth, broad bean and almond on the ground, cherry, plum and Toona sinensis on the tree, sea silk, fish and salted duck eggs in the water. People in Hangzhou, Zhejiang like to eat black rice, which is said to commemorate Pang Juan in the Warring States Period. The folk song of Jiande, Zhejiang Province says: "long summer, food supplements." It shows that the summer solstice supplement began in the long summer. People usually eat boiled eggs with red dates and stewed chicken with astragalus to nourish their bodies and prepare for intense agricultural labor in autumn. Guangdong has the habit of eating dog meat. As the saying goes, "dogs can't hide from the sun in summer." On the solstice of summer, dogs are killed to make up for themselves, so that the dogs on that day have nowhere to hide, but they can't be slaughtered at home and can only be treated in the wild. There is a popular saying in Beijing that "cover your head with jiaozi, cover your head with noodles, and cover your head with pancakes and eggs". "Winter solstice jiaozi, summer solstice noodles". Heatstroke prevention and cooling mainly focus on two aspects:
The first thing is to eat more cold food, cold food, fruits and vegetables. Ancient fighting tea and cold soup are excellent heatstroke prevention products. Suzhou Long Summer Festival drinks "seven teas" and children eat "cat and dog meals". At the same time, eat more bean jelly, sour plum soup and ice cubes. It shows that there were officials in charge of ice cubes and ice room equipment in Zhou Dynasty, who stored ice cubes in winter and ate them in summer. There was shaved ice in the Qing Dynasty. On the day of the long summer in the Qing court, the minister of civil and military affairs was given ice cubes. At this time, it is the melon season, and people sit under the melon shed to enjoy the cool and enjoy the watermelon. Watermelon and bitter gourd are both foods for clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, and they are important products in summer solstice. In addition, mosquitoes breed in summer, and there is a lot of rain, which makes them susceptible to intestinal diseases such as dysentery. Therefore, eating green onions and garlic is a habit in summer. According to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty, garlic has the effects of "dredging five internal organs, dredging orifices, dispelling cold and dampness, avoiding evil spirits, reducing swelling and relieving pain, and dissolving accumulated meat". In addition, summer in the pavilion is also a summer heatstroke prevention activity.
[Edit this paragraph] Summer solstice heatstroke prevention
From summer to later, there are initial, intermediate and final stages of accommodation. Dog days are the hottest period of the year, and it is easy to get sick from heatstroke. Therefore, in the old days, in order to be safe, more ghosts were exorcised, and at the same time, attention was paid to taking a rest at noon and taking supplements. In addition, special attention should be paid to heatstroke prevention and cooling. Nevertheless, summer consumes the health of many people, because they can't eat well, sleep well and endure the heat, so it is called dry summer. There is a custom in the north, which is to weigh the child regularly to see if his weight has increased or decreased, so as to observe the growth of the child.
Secondly, the use of heatstroke prevention tools, such as umbrellas, fans, cool hats, summer mats, bamboo ladies and so on.
Fans originated very early, initially as a tool for raising food in agricultural production, and later improved into heatstroke prevention and drama equipment. The fan of Shang Dynasty recorded in the literature is used to shelter from the rain in the car, which is called "fan sweat". After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in addition to fan sweat, a long-handled barrier fan was invented, which later evolved into a canopy. Folk fans vary from place to place, including banana fans, cattail fans, feather fans and silk fans. And then the paper folding fan appeared. At that time, bedding generally used summer mats of various materials. The porcelain pillow popular in ancient times is also a kind of heatstroke prevention bedding. There are also bamboo pillows, that is, Mrs. Zhu, also known as Baihua Niangzi, Zhu Ji and Qing Nv. There is a picture of "Bamboo Demon Sleeping" in "Painting Treasure in Wu Youru", which depicts a person lying in bed, holding Mrs. Zhu to sleep. Because the days are long and the weather is hot in summer, it is difficult to fall asleep at night, so siesta is advocated everywhere. In addition, people also like swimming in summer, women and children playing in the water, keeping goldfish, harpoon fish, catching turtles, catching frogs, catching fish, catching eels and hunting in summer.
[Edit this paragraph] Summer health
The ancients were also very particular about keeping in good health in summer. "Su Wen Si Qi Diao Ling" says: "Make ambition not angry, make Huaying put on a show, and let anger vent. Love someone outside, this summer's anger should be the way to grow up. " In other words, in summer, you should be calm, cheerful, broad-minded and energetic. Just like everything needs sunshine to grow, you should have a strong interest in external things and cultivate an optimistic and outgoing personality, which is conducive to the ventilation of qi. On the contrary, you should not be lazy, bored, angry and depressed, which will hinder the operation of qi. Ji Kang's "On Health Preservation" has a unique view on hot summer, which is considered to be hot. "pranayama is more appropriate, and often the heart is like ice and snow, and the heat in the heart will decrease. You can't turn heat into heat and then heat. " That is, "peace of mind is naturally cool". What I am talking about here is mental conditioning in summer health preservation.
In order to adapt to the changes of nature, it is wise to stay up late and get up early. It is very hot in summer. If you sweat too much, you will feel dizzy, chest tightness, palpitation, thirst, nausea and even coma. When arranging outdoor work and physical exercise, you should avoid the scorching sun and strengthen protection. Reasonable arrangement of lunch break, one is to avoid the hot trend, the other is to restore the feeling of fatigue. Taking a bath with warm water every day is also a fitness measure worth promoting, which can not only wash away sweat and dirt, but also make the skin clean and cool, relieve summer heat and prevent diseases, and also play a role in exercising. Because water pressure and mechanical massage in warm bath can reduce the excitability of nervous system, dilate blood vessels on body surface, accelerate blood circulation, improve the nutrition of skin and tissues, reduce muscle tension, eliminate fatigue, improve sleep and enhance resistance. In addition, summer is hot and vulnerable to wind, cold and dampness. It is not suitable for fan-type air supply when sleeping. In an air-conditioned room, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor should not be too large, and it is not suitable for sleeping at night.
Health-keeping exercise in summer is essential.
Exercise and recuperation is also one of the indispensable factors in health preservation. Summer exercise is best done in the early morning or in the cool night. The venue should be selected in rivers and lakes, parks, courtyards and other places with fresh air. People with conditions can go to forests and coastal areas for recuperation and vacation. Walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan and radio exercises are the best sports, and it is not advisable to do excessive and strenuous activities. If you exercise too much, you may sweat and sweat too much, which will not only hurt Yin Qi, but also Yang Qi. During exercise, when you sweat too much, you can drink light salt boiled water or mung bean brine soup properly, and you must not drink a lot of cold boiled water, let alone punch in the shower with cold water immediately, otherwise it will cause diseases such as cold-dampness arthralgia and yellow sweat.
Diet conditioning, there is a saying that heart fire is in season in summer, and excessive heart fire inhibits lung gold (five elements view), so according to the relationship between five elements (summer is fire), 50% (summer is long), five internal organs (heart) and five flavors (bitter), there is a saying that "summer does not eat heart", and bitter things can also help heart qi and control lung qi. Summer is also the season of sweating. If you sweat more, you will lose more salt. If the myocardium is short of salt, the heartbeat will be abnormal. Chinese medicine believes that at this time, it is advisable to eat more sour taste to consolidate the exterior and more salty taste to replenish the heart. "Su Wen? According to the time of the Law of Storing Qi, the heart governs the summer, "the heart is bitter and slow, and it is urgent to eat acid to collect it", "the heart is depressed, and it is urgent to eat salty to suppress it, and it is salty to supplement it, and it is sweet to diarrhea". That is to say, Tibetan gas is soft to salty to soft. From the perspective of yin and yang, Xia Yue's diet should not be too cold, including yin deficiency. For example, Ji said: "In summer, the heart is full of kidney failure. Although it is hot, it is not suitable for eating cold ice and snow, honey water, bean jelly and cold porridge. When you are full of cold, you will get cholera. "Heart flourishing and kidney failure, that is, external heat and internal cold. Because the outside is hot and the inside is cold, it is not advisable to eat more cold food, but it is ok to eat less. Too much greed will definitely hurt the spleen and stomach and make people vomit. Watermelon, mung bean soup and ebony bean soup have good effects on quenching thirst and relieving summer heat, but they should not be eaten chilled. According to the relationship between zang-fu organs and zang-fu organs in traditional Chinese medicine, "fire without kidney is Shui Han, and fire without kidney water is blazing. The heart must be nourished by the kidney, and the kidney must be warm with fire. "It is not difficult to see the important relationship between heart and kidney.
Healthy diet in summer
The summer climate is hot, and people's digestive function is relatively weak. Therefore, the diet should be light and not fat, sweet and thick, eat more miscellaneous grains to make your body catch cold, and don't overeat hot food to avoid helping heat; Eating melons and fruits in cold sex should be enough, not overeating, so as not to damage the spleen and stomach; Products with strong flavor and high fat should be less than much, so as to avoid hot wind and stimulate the disease of boils.
Lotus leaf porridge:
[Ingredients] Lotus leaf 1 tablet (both fresh and dry), Poria cocos 50g, japonica rice or millet 100g, and appropriate amount of sugar.
[Practice] First, remove the dregs from the lotus leaf soup, add poria cocos, washed japonica rice or millet to the medicinal soup, cook it into porridge together, and add sugar before cooking.
【 Efficacy 】 Clearing away heat and relieving summer-heat, calming the heart and calming the nerves, stopping diarrhea and dysentery (also effective for cardiovascular diseases and neurasthenia).
Lettuce salad:
[Ingredients] 350g fresh lettuce, onion, sesame oil, monosodium glutamate, salt and sugar.
[Practice] Wash and peel the lettuce, cut it into long strips and small pieces, put it in a plate, add refined salt and stir, marinate for 1 hour, decant, add monosodium glutamate and white sugar and mix well. Cut the onion into chopped green onion, sprinkle it on lettuce, add sesame oil when the pot is hot, pour it on chopped green onion when the oil is hot, and stir well.
【 Efficacy 】 Benefiting the five internal organs and dredging meridians.
Cream melon balls:
【 Ingredients 】 500g wax gourd, 20g condensed milk, cooked ham 10g, refined salt, fresh soup, sesame oil, water starch and monosodium glutamate.
[Practice] Peel the wax gourd, wash it and cut it into balls. After boiling in boiling water, pour in cold water to cool. Put the melon balls in a large bowl, add salt, monosodium glutamate and fresh soup, put them in a cage and steam for 30 minutes, then take them out. Put the winter melon balls back into the pot, pour the soup into the pot, add condensed milk to boil, thicken with water starch, pour the winter melon balls into the pot, sprinkle with sesame oil and stir evenly, and finally sprinkle with ham powder to serve.
【 Efficacy 】 Clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting fluid production and relieving annoyance, tonifying deficiency and benefiting spleen and stomach.
Rabbit meat Jianpi decoction:
[Ingredients] 200g of rabbit meat, 30g of yam, 0/5g of medlar/kloc, 0/5g of dangshen/kloc, 0/5g of astragalus/kloc and 30g of jujube.
[Practice] Wash the rabbit meat and cook it with strong fire together with other ingredients. After boiling, simmer for 2 hours, and eat soup with meat.
[Efficacy] Spleen and qi.
In addition, scrambled eggs with tomatoes are also seasonal dishes in summer.
[Edit this paragraph] Poems from summer solstice
In the hot summer, people are also full of ideas. The solar terms related to "summer solstice" are natural, exquisite and unique, such as "there is thunder and heat in summer solstice; There is no rain in Chongyang, and it is sunny in winter. " "Qingming sorghum Xiaoman Valley; Mango seed sesame summer solstice bean. " There is also a riddle. The riddle is "Summer Solstice"? To use an idiom, the answer is-everlasting. In fact, "summer solstice" is indeed related to the idiom "cup bow snake shadow"
Ying Shao of the Han Dynasty recorded in the Pass: "Du Xuan went to drink on the summer solstice and saw a snake in his cup, so he dared not stop drinking. After drinking, the chest and abdomen are sore and can't be cured after many treatments. Later, I learned that the red crossbow on the wall glows in the cup, and its shadow is like a snake. It will be fine. " Later, I was disturbed by myself because of the metaphor of "bow and snake shadow". "Summer solstice" is also the object of the poet's chanting. "Summer Solstice" written by Quan Deyu in the Tang Dynasty, "How about it? The fulcrum is not stopped, and the four sequences are staggered. Send a message to He Xijing, today is a cloudy day. "
In the Tang and Wei Dynasties, the Summer Solstice Day in Beichi said: "The sundial becomes extremely cloudy, and the night leakage has been long since then. If you don't manage education, your worries will get cold. Public doors have more leisure, but farmers are a little busy. You can't stand the cold at the top, and you can take care of both bitterness and spicy. Rest in the pavilion at noon and swim alone in Aifang Hall. The door is closed and silent, and the city is high and the trees are gray. Lv Yun still contains powder, and the round lotus is scattered at the beginning. If you don't bother to hug, you can slap China. "
Zhang Lei's poem "Summer Solstice" in Song Dynasty: "Long-term support has been excellent, and the Universiade suddenly moves. The world is full of unknowns, and the gloom gives birth to nine plains. The life of killing people suddenly becomes more difficult, and it will grow up in cold and hot. Cui Wei is a dry cloud tree. It keeps its fragrance fresh. A few things are ignored, and gradual reason is inevitable. Look at the child, sit silently and forget to say. " After the summer solstice, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is strong. Sudden thunderstorms are often easy to form in the afternoon to evening. Because of the small rainfall range, people call it "summer rain dividing fields" Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully used this weather to write a famous poem, "The east rises and the west falls, and the road is sunny and sunny."
Tropic of Cancer