What are the customs of the Hui nationality?
Hui costumes are neat, beautiful, simple, comfortable, clean and hygienic for both men and women, and they don't wear glamorous and luxurious clothes, especially for men who don't wear colorful clothes or different crowns. It is not surprising to love beauty. "Light makeup is always appropriate." Usually its style is similar to that of the Han nationality, and it is mainly marked on the head. Men like to wear a small white hat with no brim, commonly known as "hat worship". Exquisite people will also tattoo exquisite patterns on round hats. Old people like to grow beards to show their dignity. Hui people regard white as the cleanest, happiest and purest color. In hot summer, wearing white can reflect heat and so on. Therefore, wearing a white hat and white clothes has become one of the characteristics of Hui costume customs. Hui women often wear headscarves to cover their hair, ears and neck. Hui people believe that this is a shame for women and needs to be strictly guarded. The custom of the Hui people wearing hijab is influenced by Arab countries. In the past, there was a big sandstorm and little water in the Arab region, so it was difficult for people to bathe themselves in time. In order to prevent sandstorms and maintain hygiene, women sewed headscarves to cover their faces and protect their hair. Later, many Arab and Persian merchants brought this custom to China. Covers are mostly made of yarn, silk and cloth, and the colors are green, white, black and various colors. But it's open now. You don't have to accept it.
In daily language, Hui people are taboo to say "kill", such as killing cattle, sheep and chickens. They should say kill cows, sheep and chickens. Taboo says fat beef, only beef dishes, beef, beef fat, beef strong. It is forbidden to use the word "pig". Anyone who uses the word "pig" is an insulting name and so on.
Muslim food of the Hui nationality is dominated by non-staple foods such as beef and mutton, chickens and ducks, fresh fruits and vegetables. It pays special attention to cleanliness and hygiene, and it is advisable to be fresh. Do not eat chickens, ducks, cows and sheep that have not been slaughtered. Don't eat pork and all foods mixed with pork and lard, don't eat the meat of dogs, horses, mules, donkeys and wild animals, don't eat the blood of land animals and dead animals, don't drink alcohol and don't smoke.
Muslim dishes are closely related to the local geographical and climatic conditions, and at the same time, they pay attention to absorbing the essence of cooking from other places or other ethnic groups, forming the cooking skills of frying, frying, steaming, stewing, stewing and using special sweet soy sauce, highlighting the local flavor and greatly enriching the varieties of Muslim dishes. Qingzhen cuisine is unique among many ethnic minority cuisines in Yunnan. The dishes it cooks are light, spicy, fresh, fragrant, thick, mellow, sweet and nutritious. Such as fried beef jerky, tripe, cold chicken, cold slices, etc. Oil incense is regarded as a sacred object, with funerals and happy events. Please ask the imam to recite the scriptures and distribute them to relatives and neighbors for tasting. When Muslims eat oily incense, they should put oily noodles on it, break them off with their right hands, and don't bite them.
Hui people are hospitable and courteous. When you meet your elders, you should stop to greet them and take the initiative to shake hands with them, commonly known as "shaking hands". Hui women are taboo to shake hands with the opposite sex. Between peers and elders, only the younger generation is called by their first names, not their surnames, to show kindness. The younger generation addresses their elders according to their seniority, such as elder brother, elder sister, uncle, empress, Baba [read for the third time (grandpa)] and grandma. When guests arrive home, they should be seated according to their seniority. The elders are in front and the younger ones are behind. They are not allowed to walk back and forth in front of the guests. When eating, let the guests eat first, and then the host can move chopsticks. Don't make a sound when eating, and don't blow or suck out a sound when drinking tea. When pouring water and vegetables for guests, it is very taboo to dial inward and backhand outward. Eating with guests is also very particular. Male guests are accompanied by the host, and female guests are accompanied by female hosts. Hui people pay great attention to reciprocity, and they should give gifts to each other at weddings and funerals to show their concern.
Hui people regard drinking tea as a good treat for their guests. Whenever they have guests at home, such as Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr or wedding, the host will warmly hand you a cup of tea first, and then match some melon seeds and fruits for you to drink. Tea is the bond of friendship. Whether it is the eldest brother of the Han nationality or the brothers of other nationalities, when they visit the Hui family, they will deeply feel the hospitality and generosity of the Hui brothers, with fragrant tea and stronger feelings.
Marriage customs:
Hui people oppose lifelong unmarried or unmarried. They follow the principle of "if there is no wealth in marriage, they must choose goodness", oppose "asking politics for wealth", and advocate intermarriage within the family, and it is allowed to intermarry with foreigners if conditions permit, but one of the foreigners must go through the religious ceremony. The marriage customs of Hui people in southern Yunnan are unique. Because they live in different mountains and rivers and different urban and rural areas, the marriage customs are not consistent. Hui marriage generally goes through love, engagement and wedding. Hui youth freely fall in love, or get to know each other, or be introduced by others. Parents are in charge, but I agree that it is the premise. The wedding was held under the auspices of the Imam. Engagement: If both men and women are congenial and willing to tie the knot, the man's parents will ask the client to "propose marriage" to the woman's parents. After further contact and understanding, if both men and women are satisfied, the parents will undertake and hold an engagement ceremony to formally establish the engagement relationship. Men give women a certain amount of bride price. Nowadays, the bride price is mostly clothes, cloth, gold jewelry and cash. The amount and value of bride price depends on the man's economic conditions. The engagement ceremony is usually held at the woman's house in the evening. At that time, imams will be invited to chant Buddhist scripture, and relatives and friends will be invited to drink tea and eat steamed cakes. Weddings: Most of them are held in winter, mostly on Fridays, and there is a tea party the night before, and friends and relatives come to congratulate and give gifts. The wedding will be held in the afternoon. The groom, accompanied by relatives and friends, went to the bride's house to see relatives, and at the same time sent wedding gifts to her house. Accompanied by relatives and friends, the bride takes the groom and the bride-to-be to the groom's house and sends the dowry to the groom's house at the same time. After the bride brought home, the imam read "Nikaha" for the bride and groom (read Arabic wedding words) and asked if the bride and groom wanted to get married. After the answer was agreed, the imam announced in public: "From now on, you two are officially married." And warned a couple to respect each other, love each other and grow old together. After the ceremony, there was a lively "playing the groom". In some places, parents-in-law have to be teased. Young people whose parents were washed away by bees paint their faces with prepared ink or black ash at the bottom of the pot to add to the festive atmosphere of the wedding. The wedding night will also be "lively". Young men and women creatively let the bride and groom perform "programs", which is neither outrageous nor funny. Three days later, the groom accompanied the bride "back to her mother's house", that is, back to her mother's house.
Birth ceremony:
Hui people also call Jing bu Hui people. When a Hui baby is born for three to seven days, it has become a long-standing historical tradition and habit of the Hui people to ask imams or venerable elders to name the baby. According to the sex of the baby, the imam will choose a noble saint or the name of a saint to tell his family, and then tell the child the name in his mind after the child is sensible. Boys are generally named Muhammad, Umar, daud, Khalid and Ibrahim, while girls are often named Asher, Fatima and Sophia. Naming babies in this way is to commemorate these saints and sages, and to express good luck and wishes. When naming a baby, you don't have to follow the order of sage, sage and baby's family, but don't repeat the names of baby's family. In addition, all semi-converted adults also need to ask the imam to give them a name. (But now someone has omitted it, so we should name our elders. )
Funeral:
Mainly according to the habits of Islam. Hui people should avoid using the word "death" when calling death "impermanence" or "returning to the truth". They should call the body "burial" and the funeral "burial". The face and body of the deceased should be beautiful and clean. The burial body should be shaved, the beard should be trimmed, the long hair should be cut off, and the long hair in other parts should be cut short or shaved off. Also trim your fingers and toenails to remove dirt. Rinse the buried body with the water in the soup bottle.
Hui people are buried. The so-called burial means that the body is directly put into the soil without a coffin, and the red river area is buried with vertical and horizontal holes to show the memory of their ancestors. Hui people, regardless of wealth, gender and age, all wrapped their bodies in the same "kafan" (white cloth used by the deceased) and buried them in cemeteries, occupying the same size of places, taking graves as their shelter and not setting up any sacrificial objects. If the deceased has metal teeth or dentures, they should also be pulled out, thinking that they would not wear them if they were alive. Fast burial is a short time for the deceased to park at home, usually in the morning and noon; Death at noon, faint burial; Died late and was buried the next morning. If the relatives of the deceased need to arrive in other places or take time to prepare for the funeral, "burying the body" usually only stays at home for one night, at most two nights, and will be buried on the third day. The host family of the funeral doesn't treat guests or hold a funeral banquet, and relatives and neighbors have to send money and meals to support them. To show that a family is in trouble, it not only saves the cost of bereavement, but also reflects the unity of the Hui people.
Festivals:
The traditional festivals of Hui nationality have cultural characteristics such as communication, study and trade. In Hui festivals, mosques are generally the center. Before and after the ceremony, Muslims from all directions, old and young, gathered together to exchange their feelings, talk about their feelings and deepen the exchanges between relatives and friends. Some people who have had misunderstandings and contradictions on weekdays greet and apologize to each other through their elders during festivals. In recent years, with the development of commodity economy, Muslim brothers also exchange economic information with each other.
China New Year is, of course, the first day of the first lunar month. 57 ethnic groups in China celebrate the New Year together. It's just different food.