The difficult course of ancient Jingkang

Li Gang who rebelled against Jin.

11August 25, Wan Yan Wang Zong and Wan Yanhan invited them to attack the Song Dynasty on the grounds of "Zhang Jue Incident". In October, Yan Hong Zongwang led an army from Pingzhou (now lulong county, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province) to attack Yanshan House (now southwest of Beijing). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yizhou (now Yixian County, Baoding City, Hebei Province) surrendered to Han Minyi. 1126 65438+1October 2nd, Song Jun was defeated by Baihe (now Baihe Canyon in Miyun County, Beijing) and Gubeikou (now Gubeikou Town in Miyun County, Beijing); Two days later, the Song Dynasty surrendered to Guo, and [9] the defense of Yanshan House in the Song Dynasty collapsed; Soon, Song Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province) sent 30,000 reinforcements, and in June+1October, 5438+April, Song Bing broke 5,000 troops in Calm House (now Zhengding, Hebei Province), and in June+KLOC-0/October, 22+Kexin House (now Xingtai, Hebei Province).

When the nomads from the army invaded Zhongshan County, only ten days away from Tokyo, the situation became even more urgent. Huizong wanted to abandon his country and flee to the south. In this matter, Wu Min went to see Hui Zong, strongly opposed to escape, advocated the appointment of prestigious officials, and insisted on it. Wu Min recommended Taichang Shao Qing Li Gang. Li Gang acted in "Five Strategies for Imperial Capacity". He also said that "not passing on the Crown Prince is not enough to attract heroes all over the world", demanding that Hui Zong announce his abdication, and "accepting the morale of the soldiers", Hui Zong appointed Wu Min as assistant minister to assist the Prince. Nomads from the army is getting closer and closer. Huizong was panicked and annoyed. He took Cai You's hand and said, "I didn't expect Jin people to be like this!" Said the gas plug coma, fell in front of the bed. Ministers hurried to get medicine for emergency treatment. When Hui Zong woke up, he asked for a pen and paper and wrote, "The Crown Prince can ascend to the throne of the emperor, and lead Daojun to retire to Longde Palace."

1 125, 65438+ February, Prince Zhao Huan (Qin Zong) ascended the throne, (1 126) changed the year number to Jingkang. Hui Zong abdicated, was named Di Jun, the leader, and called him "the emperor's father". On the third day of the first month of the following year, Hui Zong, Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others heard that Nomads from the Yellow River crossed and decided to flee to the south overnight. Hui Zong only brought Cai You and a few followers. In the name of "burning incense", I hurried out of Tokyo to Bozhou, and then fled from Bozhou to Zhenjiang to avoid disaster. Tong Guan and the front of the temple commanded Gao Qiu to lead the Victory Army and the Guards to catch up with Hui Zong in Sizhou. Cai Jing also led his family to Duke Zhou (now Sui County, Henan Province) in the name of "Attaché". Anger and hatred that have been suppressed in people's hearts for a long time have come together. Officials and people in the ruling and opposition parties have exposed the evil deeds of Cai Jing and Tong Guan. Former student Chen Dong wrote that Cai Jing, Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, Li Yan and Zhu CuO were six thieves, saying that "six thieves have the same surname and the same crime", so please put them to death and "spread them around the world to thank the world". Qinzong was forced to recall the palace. Wu Min and Li Gang asked Wang Fu to behead him, and Yin (Nie Shan) of Kaifeng sent warriors to behead him. Li Yan and Liang Shicheng are dead. Cai Jing and Tong Guan were demoted to Bozhou. Cai Jing died in Tanzhou (now Changsha City, Hunan Province) during his exile. Tong Guan's sins were constantly exposed in the DPRK, so Qin Zong had to send a supervisor to behead Tong Guan. In September, Zhu Xu, Cai Jing and Cai You were all exiled. Since then, court officials have talked about it one after another, saying that the crimes of the three men are unforgivable, and all three were beheaded and exiled. Cai taeniasis was also exiled and died of illness. Those thieves who cruelly squeezed and slaughtered the people and committed crimes all got their due ends. In addition to exterminating thieves, another turning point appeared in the exciting and endangered Northern Song Dynasty. [ 12]

Yan, the left deputy marshal of Xidao, led the army to attack Taiyuan from Datong, but it was not as smooth as Yan. 1125 65438+February 29th, conquered Shuozhou (now Shuozhou, Shanxi); A.D.1126 65438+1October 6, Podai Prefecture (now Daixian County, Shanxi Province); 65438+1October 13 Zhongshan surrendered; 65438+1October 15 surrounded Taiyuan, but was blocked in Taiyuan. Even the military plane was slow to move until it was learned that WanYanZongWang made peace with Song. [ 1 1]

1126 65438+1October 27th, Hong Yan crossed the Yellow River and attacked the next day (now hua county, Henan). 65438+1October 3 1 surrounded Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan). Li Gang, who defended Bianjing, was able to resist effectively and failed to break the city. 8 jin j Enemy at the Gates, sent envoys to please the prince and prime minister song in front of the army to make peace. Li Gang asked to go, but Qin Zong refused, saying, "You are too young to go." . Li Chang is the ambassador and Zheng is the deputy. When Li Gang retired from the DPRK, Qin Zong informed Li Chang and Zheng that they could increase their annual salary by 35 million taels, make peace with the army and give them 35 million taels of silver, and ordered them to bring twelve thousand taels of gold and wine. When zong saw the Song envoy, he asked for five million and two thousand gold, fifty million and two thousand silver, ten thousand horses and cattle and one million silks. In the Song Dynasty, Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian were ceded, and the prince and the prime minister were held hostage before they made peace. Chang Li, Zheng and others backed out. Li Bangyan, Zhang Bangchang, etc. advocated full acceptance. Li Gang struggled for a moment and said, "There are too many gold coins, but it is not enough to do everything in the world, let alone the capital." Taiyuan, Hejian and Zhongshan are the barriers of the country. Without them, how can we build a country? As for the special envoy, the prime minister should go, but the prince should not. "He suggested that we postpone the time until the four episodes of the soldiers come out and discuss them again. Zaichen and others are not allowed. Zhao Gou, the king of Qin Zongdi Kang, begged for money in the capital. He said to Qin Zong: "The enemy wants to mortgage the prince, and the minister is planning for the clan society. How can he quit! He appointed the King of Qin Kang as the former envoy and the Prime Minister as the deputy envoy, and sent people. [12] In February, Song Jinwei took Kang Wang Zhao Gou and King Zhang Bangchang of Thailand as hostages and ceded Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian (now Hebei) to make peace.

The first Kaifeng siege

At this time, only the Jinguo East Road Army of Wanyanzongwang participated in the siege of Kaifeng. Hong Yanzong Han's Xi Lujun was not only stumped in Taiyuan, but also rejected the deployment of the Western Army proposed by Hong Yanzong Wang (the border guards who levied Xixia in the Song Dynasty were the most elite troops at that time), so that hundreds of Western Army troops arrived in Kaifeng smoothly, and Zong Wang passively retreated to Yang Meng in the northwest suburb of Kaifeng. Yao's army robbed Yan Zongwang's camp and was wiped out. It was pointed out that it was the capitulators, Li Bangyan and Li Chang, who intentionally or unintentionally revealed it to the spy Deng Gui to force the hawkish Li Gang to make peace. After the failure to rob the village, Li Gang and Zhongshidao were revoked military power. When Jin Bing returned to Kaifeng City, Song Qinzong was very scared. He sent a messenger and said, "I didn't know about it at first, and I will punish him." Li Bangyan also ordered Song Qinzong not to offend the nomads from the army, and the machine gunner was executed after shooting. WanYanZongWang siege again, was repelled by the western army, so he stopped attacking and took people hostage, and Kang Wang was able to return. [ 12]

Xu Jin quit for the first time.

When WanYanZongWang Jin Guodong Road Army besieged Kaifeng for the first time, before he left, he sent someone into the city to say goodbye and sent someone to send a copy.

Planning of Kaifeng city during the siege war

I wrote a farewell letter and said, "I don't want to show my speech at the court, so I can't do it in the army." I would like to send someone as my deputy. Some gifts are not big, so I would like to write a book. " When Yan Hong Zongwang withdrew his troops, the 30,000 elite Qin of the marked army, led by Zhongshidao's younger brother, arrived in Kaifeng, Tokyo. The seed teacher ordered him to lead the troops to follow the 8 Jin Army, and after a half-way, he completely destroyed the half still on the south bank, which dealt a heavy blow to the most elite East Route Army and eliminated future troubles. Li Gang also suggested that the story of Ji Yuan [13] be used to "escort" 8 Jin Jun out of the country and inform the generals to pursue troops when they have the opportunity. On the surface, Song Qinzong also agreed with Li Gang's suggestion and sent hundreds of troops to "escort" closely. However, Wu Min, Tang Ke, Geng Nanzhong and other capitulationists finally crushed the hawks, sent people to raise a banner on the edge of the Yellow River, and strictly ordered the army not to bypass the banner to catch 8 Jin J, otherwise they would all be put to death. [ 1 1]

Later, Zhong Shidao put forward the method of making up after the sheep died, and suggested that troops should be stationed on both sides of the Yellow River to prevent Jin Jun from crossing the river again, in order to "prevent autumn" next time. Song Qinzong was determined to fight, and was quickly sent by Wu Min, Tang Ke, Geng Nanzhong and other capitulationists. He thought that if 8 Jin J didn't come, the huge military expenditure would be wasted and refused to adopt the words of training teachers. Later, the teacher's anger led to illness and even death. Li Gang was transferred to Hedong, Hebei Province, doing nothing. Finally, he was deported to Jiangxi. [ 1 1]

Xu Jin's Second Attack on Song Dynasty

Soon, Xiao Zhonggong was used to make Song meet the army. Song Qinzong thinks that both of them were aristocrats in Liao country, and they can be lured and used. He sealed a letter with wax pills and asked Xiao Zhonggong to send Lu Ye as the inside man. Xiao Zhong Palace hurried back to the State of Jin to see Wang Zong and presented a wax pill letter. In August, Wang Zong used this as a reason to gather troops to attack the Song Dynasty again. The second attack on Bianjing was still a contest between Wan Yan Han Zong and Wan Yan Wang Zong. [ 10]

In the first stage, Wan Yan Hanzong of West Road set out from Datong on September 5, 1 126, and defeated Zhang Haojun in Wenshui (now Shaanxi) the next day, 165438+2 1, September 2026. East Road Wanyanzongwang 1 126 set out from Baozhou on September 8, and defeated Song Bing in Xiongzhou (now Xiongxian County, Baoding City, Hebei Province) and Zhongshan (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province) that day. 1 126 September 15, captured Xinle (now Hebei). 11On September 26th, 2026, General Song trained in Jingxing, taking Tianwei Army (now Jingxing County, Hebei Province) and Ke Zhending (now Zhengding, Hebei Province). [ 14- 15]

In the second stage, after a rest, Hong Yanhan of West Road attacked Bianjing from Taiyuan on11October 65438+1October 22, and arrived at1165448. Song Xijing (now Luoyang, Henan Province), Anjun Yong (now Yanshi East, Henan Province) and Zhengzhou (now the capital of Henan Province) all surrendered. 1126 65438+February 4th, Wanyan Keze Prefecture, Han Zong (now Jincheng City, Shanxi Province). East Road Wanyanzongwang1126165438+1October 20th directed and performed the Bianjing attack; 1 126 65438+February 4th, Dajun crossed the river1126, and then captured (now northeast village of Xun County, Henan Province), Daming (now Hebei Province), Deqing Army (now Qingfeng, Henan Province) and Kaidefu (now Puyang, Henan Province). 65438+February 10, Kehuai County (now Qinyang, Henan Province) arrived at the gates of Bianjing. Song sent troops to refuse to fight and was defeated by others. 11261217, Wan Yan Han zong arrived at the edge of Bianjing and was robbed by Wang Zong, Wan Yan. [ 15]

The siege of the second Kaifeng

Compared with the first siege in Kaifeng, the situation of the second siege in Song Dynasty was much more difficult:

Taiyuan, guarded by Wang Bing, finally fell after Yan Yan Loushi was besieged by 50,000 Jin Jun for more than 250 days. This part of Yan Yan Loushi's army crossed the Yellow River in the south and entered Luoyang in the west, blocking Tongguan, leaving the most elite western army in the Song Dynasty within Tongguan, cutting off the road of Qin Wang from the east. [ 16]

In the first siege, only the Eastern Route Army of Wanyanzongwang arrived at the gates of Kaifeng, and its troops were limited. Siege activities are limited to the west and north corners, and sometimes spread to the northeast corner, but the south gate has never been attacked. During the second siege, the Jin army attacked in two ways, was surrounded, and was completely isolated in Tokyo. [ 17]

Before the first siege, the Northern Song Dynasty imperial court formulated the strategy of defending by fighting on the eve of Wanyanzongwang's arrival in Kaifeng. Li Gang was appointed as a personal envoy stationed in the camp and an imperial envoy stationed in the four walls of Beijing, and gained the power to preside over the war. During the second siege, Li Gang was deprived of military power together with Zhongshidao because Yao failed to rob the village. Why did Song Qinzong grant all the powers of war, national defense and peace to the Prime Minister? While superstitious about Guo Jing's six magic weapons, he sent Feng Ke, the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, to make peace with Hongyan Hanzong's army, thinking that he had double insurance, but it was not the way to defend the city. Song Qinzong also temporarily sent Liu Ge, who was punished in Beijing, to guard the four walls. In addition, Sun Fu was the Shoujiang, with different powers and many constraints. Sun Fu and He? In this way, I pinned my hopes on the magic weapon of the demon Guo Jing. [ 17]

When the city was besieged for the first time, the East Route Army had 60,000 people. This time it has increased to 80,000. Major generals, such as your mother, Chang and Liu Yanzong, are still in the army. Only Guo stayed in Yanjing in the name of Liu Shou. The marked army is still controlled by three generals, namely Hong Yan Han Zong, Hong Yan Sheehan and Hong Yan Lushi. Hong Yan Yin Shu and other war generals are under his command. Han people are of noble descent, and love is always the master. Wan Yan Lou Tun and Wan Yan Xiyin took turns to Tongguan to stop the Western Army from being diligent in the Song Dynasty. The total number of flag troops was originally equivalent to that of the East Route Army, and it was also more than 60,000 people. After a long siege of Taiyuan, the troops were constantly replenished and the total number of people more than doubled. At this time, in addition to the 50,000 people who blocked Tongguan, 70,000 to 80,000 people participated in the second Kaifeng siege. The strength of the Jin army in the east and west roads has exceeded150,000, which is one and a half times more than that in the first siege. On the Song side, there were 200,000 to 300,000 imperial troops in Kaifeng and loyalists who came from the northwest during the first siege. After the end of the Qing dynasty, these troops were not put in their proper places, some were sent back to the northwest, some suffered losses in the Taiyuan Qing dynasty, some were scattered on the south bank of the Yellow River, and some were dismissed by the surrenders Tang Ke and Geng Nanzhong for economic reasons. So that during the second siege, there were less than 70 thousand defenders in the city. Qin from all over the country has long been pinned down by Geng Nanzhong. Only Zhang Shuye, the satrap of South Island, and his two sons Bofen and Zhongxiong refused to surrender and recruited thirteen thousand loyal soldiers. They met Hong Yan Han Zong's department in Yingchang House, and they won and lost each other in eighteen wars. Finally, the whole army invaded Kaifeng, which was the only loyal army in the second siege. [ 17]

Hui Di and Qin Emperor were captured.

1127 65438+1October 9th, Guo Jing, Wan Yan Wang Zong, Wan Yan Han Zong and other generals stormed the city. After capturing the outer city of Kaifeng, General Jin Jun did not immediately attack the city, but occupied the outer city wall, pretending to announce peace talks and withdrawing troops. Song Qinzong really believed it, so he ordered Li He and Zhao Xu, king of Qi, to make peace in Jinying. Han Zong said: "Since ancient times, there has been a division between the North and the South. Today, what we are talking about is just cutting land." And "request" the emperor's father to negotiate with Jin Ying. Song Huizong didn't dare to go, and Song Qinzong had to go on his own behalf, on the grounds that the emperor's father was too scared and suffered from chronic diseases. [ 18- 19]

1 1 At dawn on October 30th, many ministers came, which was exactly the trap of the Jin people. After Song Qinzong arrived in Jinying, Commander-in-Chief 8 Jin Jun didn't meet him, but sent someone to ask for a watch drop. Song Qinzong dare not disobey, hurriedly call a person to write down the form. However, the Jin people were not satisfied and ordered the form to be written in four or six sentences. Song Qinzong was forced to say, it's no use crying over spilt milk. Don't worry about anything else. Sun Yong, the minister, thought twice and changed it four times to satisfy Jin people. The purpose of dropping the table is nothing more than bowing to Kim, begging for forgiveness and doing my best. After the surrender, the Jin people invited the emperor's father to come, but Song Qinzong begged him, and the Jin people no longer insisted. Then, the Jin people set up an incense table in the Zhai Palace in the north, and asked the monarchs and subjects of the Song Dynasty to bow to the north as a courtesy, and read the surrender form. It was snowing at that time, and Song Qinzong's subjects were humiliated by it, and they all secretly began to cry. After the surrender ceremony, Kim was very satisfied, so he asked him to return. [20]

When Song Qinzong entered the golden camp, he felt humiliated. In desperation, he became a servant of the Jin people. In retrospect, his sadness was unbearable. Unconsciously, his tears were wet. When he arrived at Nanxun Gate, Song Qinzong burst into tears when he saw the ministers and people who came to meet him. After all, there are still many subjects that care about their own safety. He was still crying before he went to the palace, and everyone inside and outside the palace was crying loudly. Song Qinzong went to Jinying for the first time, survived the robbery and came back three days later, as if it had been a lifetime ago. As soon as Song Qinzong returned to the imperial court, Jin people came to ask for ten million gold ingots, twenty million silver ingots and ten million silks. However, Song Qinzong endured humiliation and ordered a big bag of gold and silver. Jin people demanded mules and horses, and Kaifeng government rewarded them for exposure. Unexpectedly, there were more than 7,000 horses in Beijing, and the bureaucrats walked to court. The Golden Man asked for 1500 girls, but Song Qinzong dared not neglect them, and even asked his concubines to count them. The girls refused to be humiliated, and many people died. For gold, silver and silk, Song Qinzong felt that the treasury was not enough, so he ordered dignitaries and wealthy businessmen to invest in the army. The so-called capital contribution is actually robbing. For the rebels, they often flail their necks, even Zheng's family is not immune. Even so, there was still a shortage of gold and silver, and four ministers, including Mei Zhili, who was in charge of searching for gold and silver, were executed. Other officials accused by the staff are everywhere, and many people are forced to commit suicide. Kaifeng city is in chaos and depression. [20]

Although the Northern Song Dynasty headed by Song Qinzong was very friendly to the Jin people, their demands were still not met. Jin people threatened to rob the city and demanded to negotiate again. Song Qinzong broke out in a cold sweat. The last time he was trapped in the Golden Camp, the shadow still lingered, and new fears came to mind. I'm afraid it's run out of luck this time. At this point, Li Re water and others also urged Song Qinzong to go. After all, Song Qinzong dared not go against the wishes of the people of Jin State and had to go to Jinying again. [20]

Song Qinzong received a cold reception when he arrived in Jinying. Wang Zong and Han Zong didn't see him at all, and they kept him in three huts in the west wing of Zhaigong Army Camp. The furnishings in the room are extremely simple, except for tables and chairs, there is only a heatable adobe sleeping platform and two sleeping blankets. Nomads from outside were closely guarded, and the door was locked out at dusk, so Song Qinzong completely lost his freedom of movement. At this time, it is in the cold winter, and the rain and snow in Kaifeng area are continuous, and the weather is surprisingly cold. Besides enduring hunger during the day, Song Qinzong has to endure the biting cold wind at night, tossing and turning, unable to sleep. [20]

Song Qinzong's days in prison are like years, and his homesickness is beyond words. Song Dynasty officials repeatedly asked Ren Jin to return to Song Qinzong, but Ren Jin ignored them. On February 5th, the second year of Jingkang, Song Qinzong had to smile and accept Ren Jin's invitation to watch the ball game. After the game, Song Qinzong begged Jin Shuai to let him go back, but Han Zong severely reprimanded him. Song Qinzong was too scared to mention it again. [2 1]

After being detained, the Jin people claimed that the gold, silver and silks had not been counted for a day and would not be returned for a day. Song Ting heard the news and stepped up his search. Kaifeng officials directly broke into residents' homes and searched them, which was as rampant as catching treason. The people's five families supervise and protect each other, and they can report if they have anything to hide. Even the poor, monks and Taoist priests, craftsmen, and all kinds of people who advocate Excellence in Futian Hospital are being searched. By the end of the month, Kaifeng had collected gold162,000 taels, silver 2002 taels, clothes, silks and satins/KLOC-0,000,000 taels, but it was still far from the quantity required by the gold people. When Song officials delivered gold and silver to Jin Ying, the Jin people were arrogant and humiliated in every way. Since Song Qinzong went to Jinying, the snowstorm has never stopped, and people in Bianjing have no food. Ate all the leaves, cats and dogs in the city, and cut them into starvation. Coupled with the epidemic, countless people starved to death. [2 1]

But the Jin people still refused to give up and plundered other things to pay for gold and silver. All sacrificial vessels, the emperor's command, all kinds of classics, Dacheng musical instruments and even costume props used in hundreds of plays were searched. Doctors in various disciplines, musicians and craftsmen in workshops were also looted. They also plundered women crazily, and as long as they were slightly beautiful, they were captured by Kaifeng House for the enjoyment of the Jin people. At that time, the official ministers plundered the most women and were called "Grandpa Jin". Yin Xu Bingzhe of Kaifeng Prefecture is not far behind. In order to please the Jin people, he painted the woman who was unkempt and ill, dressed up in disguise, and delivered the whole car, which made Kaifeng city complain a lot and the people were miserable. [2 1]

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The city was breached and occupied.

Zhao Huan, Song Qinzong, a conquered country.

On February 6th, the second year of Jingkang (A.D.11March 20th, 27), Emperor Taizong of Jin wrote a letter and was abolished as Shu Ren. On the 7th, Song Huizong and others were forced to go to Jin Ying. When Jin people forced Huidi and Qin Emperor to take off their robes, the accompanying Li Ruoshui held Song Qinzong in his arms and wouldn't let him take off his clothes. He also called Jin people dogs. At the beginning, Hongyan wanted Han Zong to surrender to Li Re-shui. After a few days, it was ineffective, so he let his men handle it. Li Ruoshui was full of foul language, and Han Zong's men cut their throats and died. [2 1]

11On April 20, 2007, the Jin people named the peacemaker "Da Chu" and established a puppet regime. While fostering, the Jin people began to search for gold and silver, and even women's hairpins were plundered. The Kaifeng government was worried that there was not enough gold and silver, so it set up a market around Kaifeng city to exchange grain for gold and silver. Because the capital has been besieged for a long time, food is scarce, and the gold and silver in the hands of the people are useless, and they have taken them out for rice. In this way, Kaifeng Prefecture gained tens of thousands of gold and silver. However, Kaifeng city has been searched several times, and the gold and silver have been exhausted, so it is impossible to collect the amount required by the gold people. Jin people had to give up. [2 1]

At this time, the commander-in-chief of 8 Jin Army learned that Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, was actively deploying troops in Hebei, trying to break the retreat of the Jin people, but worried that the troops were insufficient and could not effectively rule the vast areas of the Central Plains. So after the puppet regime was established, he was ready to retreat. During the retreat, Jin people also burned down countless houses in the suburbs of Kaifeng. "There are Liu Zi in the east, Xijing in the west, Han merchants in the south and Heshuo in the north". In such a vast area, the nomads from the army "kill people like hemp, and hear about them for hundreds of miles". This has brought profound disasters to the broad masses of the people, and the crimes are outrageous. [2 1]

On April 1 day, after plundering a large amount of gold and silver treasures, the Jin army began to retreat in two ways. Detainees include Zheng He, her prince, the emperor's grandson, princesses and concubines. Three days ago, the frontier slipped to the north; Another route is composed of officials who refuse to surrender, such as Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu and Zhu. Jin people also took away all kinds of royal ritual vessels, antique cultural relics, picture books, imperial concubines, eunuchs, advocates of Excellence, craftsmen and so on. More than 654.38 million men and women were driven away and the treasures of the Northern Song Dynasty were exhausted. Wherever the nomadic people in the distance go, their lives are ruined. Such a tragic disaster left an incurable pain for the Song people. Because the first year of Jingkang was the year of Bingwu, it was also called "the shame of Bingwu".